A&p Lec 1 Atoms Ions & Molecules

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A negatively charged ION is called an

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Anion

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A positively charged ION is called a

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Cation

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Ionically bonded ions are referred to as

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Ionic bonds

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What molecule is created when a sodium atom donates an electron to a chlorine atom

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Sodium chloride

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The movement of sodium across cell membranes

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Produces electricity

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ION’s moving in and out of cells create

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Electricity

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Electrolytes moving across cell membranes causes muscle tissue to

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contract

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ION’s trying reach the octet rule will give away or receive

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electrons

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The most common cation is

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Sodium

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Outside our cells we have saltwater which is

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Sodium

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Water follows

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Sodium

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Potassium (K) is the most common intracellular

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Cation

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If calcium levels are low it effects

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Brain function

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I body will leach the calcium in your bones and teeth if there is a

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calcium deficiency

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Why does your body use the calcium (CA) in your bones if there is a deficiency

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Brain function

Heart function

Blood Clotting

Front 16

What is the charge with equal amounts of protons and electrons

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Neutral

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The Atomic number refers to the number of

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Protons

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Protons determine an elements

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physical properties

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if you change the number of protons in an atom you change the physical properties of the

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element

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What two sub particles make up the atomic mass number (AMU)

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Protons and neutrons

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Isotopes are atoms that have a different number of

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Neutron in the nucleus

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Some Isotopes throw off subatomic particles the throwing off of subatomic particles is a form of

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Radiation

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When isotopes decay they throw off

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subatomic particles

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A radioactive isotope varies in the number of

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Neutrons

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The amount of time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay

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The biological half-life

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The amount of time it takes for your body to remove half of a substance from your body

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A biological half-life

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Not all radioactive isotopes are dangerous X-ray radioactive iodine are harmful the sun is radon gas is dangerous

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Fix this later

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Chemically inert elements have a full valence shell of

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Electrons

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Helium has a

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Full valence shell of electrons

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Helium and neon fulfill octet rule because they each have a

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full valence shells

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Chemically reactive elements are trying to reach the octet rule but they need help from other

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elements

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Carbon is going to be used to creat a lot of molecules because it has four electrons in its

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valence shell

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A radioactive ion that has an unpaired electrons in its valence shell is a

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Free radical

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Exposure to sunlight can lead to the formation of

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Free radicals

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Antioxidants will neutralize

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Free radicals

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To much antioxidants will remove free radicals and suppress your

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immune system

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A chemical bond is a force that

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Pulls two atoms together

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A chemical bond is two atoms that are chemically

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Pulled together

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Atoms will share give away or steal an electron to

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Reach the octet rule

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Intramolecular bonds exist inside the

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molecule

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When an atom gives away an electron from its valence shell, it creates an

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Ionic bond

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An ion is an atom with a different number of

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electrons

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What kind of electrical charge does an atom have if it gives away an electron

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Positive charge

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An atom that receives an extra electron is a

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Anion

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Sodium chloride is an example of a compound molecule that is

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Ionically bonded

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electrolytes moving through the cell membranes cause your muscle to

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contract

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The concentration of PH in your body is determined by the amount of

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Hydrogen ions

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What three atoms Trigger Electrolyte signals in your brain heart and muscle tissues

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Sodium potassium chloride

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Hydrogen determines the amount of

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PH in your body

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A common extracellular anion in the blood is

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Bicarbonate anions

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Used to transport carbon through the blood

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Bicarbonate ions

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Phosphates are in

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Bones and teeth

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Phosphate are found

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Inside cells

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ATP Is used in our bodies for

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Energy

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Phosphates act as buffers inside cells that stabilize our bodies

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PH

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When atoms have the same magnetic pull, they are

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Nonpolar covalent bonds

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An unequal sharing of electrons is a

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Polar covalent bond

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Water is created by unequally sharing hydrogen and oxygen electrons through a

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polar covalent bond

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Amphipathic covalent bonds are bonds that use

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Nonpolar and polar covalent bonds

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The amount of mater within something is called the

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Mass

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Matter is any substance with

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Mass

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Atoms are the smallest piece of a

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Element

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Atoms create bonds with each other and form

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Molecules

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Potassium ions are the most common

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Intracellular cations

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like atoms have the same

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Magnetic pull

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If calcium levels are low it effects

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Heart function

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If calcium levels are low your blood won’t

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Clot blood

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An atom that receives an extra electron has a

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Negative charge

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If calcium levels are low it effects

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Brain function

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A bond between two atoms that has a partial charge is a

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Polar covalent bond

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The number of electrons determines the chemical properties of an

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Atom