Ap Euro History Test 2

Front 1

absolutism

Back 1

term applied to strong centralized continental monarchies that attmpted to make royal power dominant over aristocracies and other regional authorities

Front 2

parliamentary monarchy

Back 2

the form of limited or constitutional monarchy set up in Britain after the Glorious Revolution of 1689 in which the monarch was subject to the law and ruled by the consent of parliament

Front 3

Puritans

Back 3

English Protestants who sought to "purify" the Church of England of any vestiges of Catholicism

Front 4

Glorious Revolution

Back 4

the largely peaceful replacement of James II by William and Mary as English monarchs in 1688. It marked the beginning of constitutional monarchy in Britain

Front 5

intendants

Back 5

royal officials under the French monarchy who supervised the provincial governments in the name of the kings

Front 6

Fronde

Back 6

a series of rebellions against royal authority in France between 1649 and 1652

Front 7

Jansenism

Back 7

A seventeenth-centuy movement within the Catholic Church that taught that human beings were so corrupted by original sin that they could do nothing good nor secure their own salvation without divine grace (opposed to Jesuits)

Front 8

mercantilism

Back 8

term used to describe close government control of the economy that sought to maximize exports and accumulate as much precious metals as possible to enable the state to defend its economic and political interests

Front 9

parlement

Back 9

French regional courts dominated by hereditary nobility. THe most important was the Parlement of Parism which calimed the right ot register royal decrees before they could become law

Front 10

millets

Back 10

administrative units of the Ottoman Empire that were not geographic but consisted of ethnic or religious minorities to whom particular laws and regulations applied

Front 11

Pragmatic Sanction

Back 11

the legal basis negotiated by the Emperor CHarls VI for the Habsburg succession through his daughter Maria Theresa

Front 12

empiricism

Back 12

the use of experiment and observation derived from sensory evidence to construct scientific theory or philosophy of knowledge

Front 13

Hampton Court Conference

Back 13

a meeting in 1604 between King James I of England and representatives of the Church of England. it produced the Bible known as the 'authorized version' - King James Version

Front 14

Gunpowder Plot

Back 14

1605- plot to blow up Parliament and the king while in session

Front 15

Petition of Right

Back 15

-the king cannot levy taxes or collect money without Parliaments consent
-the king cannot quarter soldiers in private homes w/out consent
Charles signs- but doesn't intend to abide by it

Front 16

Short Parliament

Back 16

when a Scottish revolt occurs against Laud's Anglican Prayer Book, Charles needs money to suppress it. He calls parliament in april- they insit he acknowledge their athority- he refuses, dissolves parliament in may

Front 17

Long Parliament

Back 17

(1640-1653) Charles is defeated by Scots- they levy 850euros/day for payment- he needs $ more than ever. calls parliament in October, it is dominated by Charles' opponents

Front 18

Battle of Marston Moor

Back 18

major victory for parliament- King Charles is taken prisoner, but he manages to escape and make an army again. he is defeated again by Parliament

Front 19

New Model Army

Back 19

created by Oliver Cromwell, it was based on person's ability, not rank/class. key to success was horses (lightly armed cavalry)

Front 20

Pride's Purge

Back 20

Pride was one of Charles' generals. C instructs him to not let anyone in to Parliament who will vote for Charles's death

Front 21

Clarendon Code

Back 21

a series of laws between 1661-1665 by Parliament that excluded Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Independents from the religious and political life of the nation. imposed penalties for attending non-Anglican worship services, required strict adherence to 'Book of Common Prayer', '39 Articles', & demanded oaths of allegiance to the Church from all persons seving in local gov.

Front 22

Act of Settlement

Back 22

since 1701 has regulated the succession to the throne of England. It also decreed that future monarchs must belong to the Church of England, that judges were to hold office on the basis of good behaviour rather than at the sovereign's pleasure, and that impeachment by the House of Commons was not subject to pardon by the sovereign.

Front 23

Divine Right of Kings

Back 23

a monarch derives his right to rule from God. Chosen by God, a monarch is accountable only to Him, and need answer only before God for his actions. Louis XIV thoroughly promoted this

Front 24

War of Devolution

Back 24

Louis XIV's French armies overrun the Habsburg controlled Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comte, but is forced to give it back by triple alliance of England, Sweden, and Dutch Republic

Front 25

Versailles

Back 25

built by Louis XIV, he brought all his nobles so he could watch them. kept them busy so they could not plan revolts. dress-codes nad high-stakes gambling kept them indebted to and dependent on the king

Front 26

Nine Years War

Back 26

long, extraordinarily destructive. ended when stalemate and exhaustion forced both sides to accept and interim settlement.

Front 27

War of the Spanish Succession

Back 27

Louis was afraid Habsburgs would dominate Europe if they gained control of Spain, others wanted to preserve balance of power. France for 1st time had inadequate finances, a poorly equipped army,& mediocre generals. England had advanced weaponry&superior tactics- Eng. won b/c French internal failure

Front 28

Peace of Utrecht

Back 28

France signed an armistice with England in July 1713, after War of Spanish Succession

Front 29

Dutch East India Company

Back 29

trades spices-founded by Dutch in India. had ability to wage war, negotiatie treaties, coin money, & establish colonies. very impt trading concern for almost 2 centurys

Front 30

Mississippi Bubble

Back 30

as stock became popular, a MS company formed. stock sold quickly, & French gov. bought lots of stock to fix debt. but company crashed, lost all money, so French gov. was still in debt, more

Front 31

whigs

Back 31

oppose the Catholic succcession; support parliament over the king

Front 32

tories

Back 32

support James' succession; generally support the monarch of the Parliament

Front 33

Ottoman Empire

Back 33

the only non-Christian power in Europe in 17th century - Muslim. beginning to decay- overextended territorially, corrupt local rulers begin to defy sultan, russia&austria both try to expand at Turkey's expense

Front 34

janissaries

Back 34

the most famous elite military unit of Ottoman empire- infantry troops

Front 35

liberum veto

Back 35

Poland: any member of the sejm (national assembly) could veto any act- which made it nearly impossible to administer

Front 36

list 2 reasons the english civil war was fought

Back 36

1) would an absolute monarchuy or a parliamentary government rule Englad?
2) would eng. re ligion be controled by the king's bishops and conform to high Anglican practice or adopt a decentralized, Presbyterian system of church gov?