Ap Euro Chapter 7 Names And Terms

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patois

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French peasant dialect

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Volkssprache

Back 2

German peasant dialect

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Carnival

Back 3

the celebration occuring in many places during the weeks before Lent. It was a time for drinking, eating, and merrymaking.

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"cottage industries"

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people manufacturing goods in their homes for local sale

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domestic system

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mercant capitalists hired people to produce or work on different products in their own home to be sold by the merchant

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plantation system

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economic system dependent on plantations, large independent farms owned by wealthy (often absentee) landowners and worked by impressed labor

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"Diamond" Pitt

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Thomas Pitt, an Englishman who traded in India in opposition to the East India Trading Company's monopoly. He was eventually hired by the company, though he traded on his own acount as well. Famous for finding, cutting and selling a large diamond from an Indian merchant.

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Laborde

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Son of a southern French bourgeois family. He built up vast plantationg and slaveholdings in Santo Domingo. With his profits he became a leading banker in paris. He later raised money for the French Army to help the American Revolution.

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John Law

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Frenc businessman who founded a French central bank and started the Mississippi Company, which soon enjoyed a monopoly of all French colonial trade.

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Mississippi Bubble

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Wild speculation made the stocks in the Mississippi company obscenely valuable and demanded for a time, but when people began to fear for their investments and try to sell stock, the market collapsed.

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South Sea Bubble

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The South Sea Company was a company ganted a monopoly over certain banking rights in London in return for loaning the government money. When the company took over a huge portion of government debt, people invested at high prices but later wanted to sell and the market collapsed.

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Jacobites

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The supporters of James III who wanted him to become King of England.

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George I

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Hanoverian King of England who was supported by the Whigs. He eventually destroyed the Jocobite and Torie opposition.

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Fleury

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French economic leader who worked under Louis XV. He tried to keep the French monarchy financially viable through the Mississippi Bubble but was somewhat unsuccessful.

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Walpole

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Financial leader in England who managed to maintain faith in the British economy through the South Sea Bubble. Considered the first prime minister who developed the cabinet system in British Parliament.

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War of Jenkin's Ear

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The British war over disputes in the Spanish Main. Captain Jenkin's testified in the House of Commons while holding a box supposedly containing the ear he had lost to the Spaniards. He stirred up enough enthusiasm to start a war.

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cabinet system

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a system in which the prime minister and the ministers who head the cabinet departments are also members of the legislative body. Created by Walpole.

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parliamentary government

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a representative legislative body that is responsible for developing and passing laws, for the approval of the executive.

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War of the Pragmatic Sanction

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the war on the continent in the 1740's over the Hapsburg (Austrian) succession.

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War of Austrian Succession

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name for the entire conflict involving France, Britain, Prussia, and Austria between the years 1740 and 1748.

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Seven Years' War

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The name for the conflict involving France and Britain competing globally for colonies, trade, and sea power as well as the Prussian/Austrian duel in central Europe between the years 1756 and 1763

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The French and Indian Wars

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The British colonials' name for the conflicts between France and England in the 1740s

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King George's War

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Another British name for the fighting primarily between Britain and England in the 1740s

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sepoys

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Indian troops who serve in military forces of European companies in India

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Maria Theresa

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Hapsburg heir of Hungary and Bohemia selected by the Pragmatic Sanction. Held her territory together despite the ambitions of Bavaria, Saxonry, Spain and France

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Frederick the Great

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King of Prussia who started the War of Hapsburg succession by attempting to conquer Silesia, land legally inherited by Maria Theresa because of the Pragmatic Sanction.

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Clive

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Englishman responsible for English trade in India. He conquered Bengal, an area that usually favored the French, and

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Dupleix

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Frenchman responsible for French trade in India. He controlled 2,000 French troops and used them to gain land in India. He also created regiments of sepoys.

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Battle of Plassey

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battle in which Clive defeated Suraja Dowla in 1757 to capture the city of Calcutta.

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Silesian Wars

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The fighting in the 1740s in central Europe over the Hapsburg inheritance. Also known as the War of the Pragmatic Sanction