A&p Class Lab Practical - Cells & Tissues

Front 1

Which is an example of cuboidal cell arrangement?

Back 1

Cuboidal cells are as tall as they are wide and are shaped like cubes or hexagons. They may have microvilli at their apical surface and function in either secretion or absorption.

Front 2

Which is an example of columnar cell arrangement?

Back 2

Columnar cells are much taller than they are wide, like columns, and protect underlying tissues. Their apical surfaces may have cilia or microvilli, and they often are specialized for secretion and absorption.

Front 3

Which is an example of psuedostriated cell arrangement?

Back 3

Pseudostratified epithelium (pseudo- = false) appears to have multiple layers of cells because the cell nuclei lie at different levels and not all cells reach the apical surface.

Front 4

Which is an example of simple cell arrangement?

Back 4

Simple epithelium is a single layer of cells that functions in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption.

Front 5

Which is an example of squamous cell arrangement?

Back 5

Squamous cells (SKWĀ-mus = flat) are thin, and this allows for the rapid passage of substances through them.

Front 6

Which is an example of stratified cell arrangement?

Back 6

Stratified epithelium (stratum = layer) consists of two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in locations where there is considerable wear and tear.

Front 7

Identify the basement membrane.

Back 7

Front 8

Identify the Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.

Back 8

Front 9

Identify the nucleus of the simple cuboidal cell.

Back 9

Front 10

Identify the connective tissue.

Back 10

Front 11

The cytoskeleton of a cell consists of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. Which is # 1

Back 11

Microtubule

Front 12

#2 is part of the cytoskeleton.
What is #2

Back 12

Microfilament

Front 13

#3

Back 13

intermediate filament

Front 14

#4

Back 14

microvilli

Front 15

Centrosomes are made up of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material. Which numbers on the illustration correspond to the centrioles?

Back 15

# 6

Front 16

Centrosomes are made up of centrioles and the surrounding pericentriolar material. Which numbers on the illustration correspond to the pericentriolar material?

Back 16

#5

Front 17

Cytoplasm can be divided into two components:

Back 17

cytosol and organelles.

Front 18

___________ is the liquid portion of cytoplasm that consists mostly of water plus dissolved solutes and suspended particles.

Back 18

Cytosol
(SĪ-tō-sol)

Front 19

Within the cytosol are several different types of ____________, each of which has a characteristic structure and specific functions.

Back 19

organelles
(or-ga-NELZ = little organs)

Front 20

The ___________ is the largest organelle of a cell.

Back 20

nucleus
(NOO-klē-us = nut kernel)

Front 21

The lipid bilayer consists of two back-to-back layers of _____________, __________, and ___________.

Back 21

phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids

Front 22

________ _________ extend into or through the lipid bilayer; __________ __________associate with the inner or outer surface of the membrane.

Back 22

integral proteins

peripheral proteins

Front 23

The __________ _________surrounds and contains the cytoplasm of a cell; it is composed of lipids and proteins.

Back 23

plasma membrane

Front 24

Fluid inside body cells is called _________ ________; fluid outside body cells is __________ _________.

Back 24

intracellular fluid (ICF)

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Front 25

Differences in the concentration of chemicals between one side of the membrane and the other is called what?

Back 25

Concentration gradient

Front 26

Materials move through cell membranes by _________ _________ or by ________ _________.

Back 26

passive processes or active processes

Front 27

In passive processes, a substance moves _________its concentration gradient across the membrane.

Back 27

down

Front 28

In ________ ________, cellular energy is used to drive the substance “uphill” against its concentration gradient.

Back 28

active transport

Front 29

In _________in ________, tiny vesicles either detach from the plasma membrane while bringing materials into the cell or merge with the plasma membrane to release materials from the cell.

Back 29

transport in vesicles

Front 30

___________ is the movement of substances due to their kinetic energy.

Back 30

Diffusion

Front 31

In ________ _________, substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. At equilibrium the concentration is the same throughout the solution.

Back 31

net diffusion

Front 32

In ________ ________, lipid-soluble substances move through the lipid bilayer.

Back 32

simple diffusion

Front 33

In ________ _________, substances cross the membrane with the assistance of ion channels and carriers.

Back 33

facilitated diffusion

Front 34

__________ is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher to an area of lower water concentration.

Back 34

Osmosis

Front 35

In an _________ solution, red blood cells maintain their normal shape

Back 35

isotonic

Front 36

In a __________solution, they gain water and undergo hemolysis.

Back 36

hypotonic

Front 37

In a __________ solution, they lose water and undergo crenation.

Back 37

hypertonic

Front 38

With the expenditure of cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, solutes can cross the membrane against their concentration gradient by means of _________ ________.

Back 38

active transport

Front 39

With the expenditure of cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP, solutes can cross the membrane ____________ their concentration gradient by means of active transport.

Back 39

against

Front 40

Actively transported solutes include several ions such as ___,___,___,___ and ___; amino acids; and monosaccharides.

Back 40

Na+ (Sodium anions)
K+ (Potasium cations)
H+ (Hydrogen cations)
Ca2+ (2 Calcium cations)
I- (Iodine anions)
and Cl- (Chlorine anions)

Front 41

The most important active transport pump is the _________-_______ pump.

Back 41

sodium-potassium

Expels Na+ from cells and brings K+ in.

Front 42

___________ is the ingestion of solid particles by a cell.

Back 42

Phagocytosis

Front 43

____________ is an important process used by some white blood cells to destroy bacteria that enter the body.

Back 43

Phagocytosis

Front 44

_______-_______ endocytosis is the ingestion of extracellular fluid.

Back 44

Bulk-phase

Front 45

__________ involves movement of secretory or waste products out of a cell by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Back 45

Exocytosis

Front 46

__________ includes all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus; it consists of cytosol and organelles.

Back 46

Cytoplasm

Front 47

The liquid portion of cytoplasm is __________, composed mostly of water, plus ions, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, proteins, lipids, ATP, and waste products; the __________ is the site of many chemical reactions required for a cell's existence.

Back 47

cytosol

Front 48

___________ are specialized cellular structures with characteristic shapes and specific functions.

Back 48

Organelles

Front 49

The ____________ is a network of several kinds of protein filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm; they provide a structural framework for the cell and generate movements.

Back 49

cytoskeleton

Front 50

Components of the cytoskeleton include _________, ___________ filaments, and __________.

Back 50

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Front 51

The ___________ consists of two centrioles and pericentriolar material.

Back 51

centrosome

Front 52

The centrosome consists of two _________ and pericentriolar material.

Back 52

centrioles

Front 53

The centrosome consists of two centrioles and ___________ material.

Back 53

pericentriolar

Front 54

The __________ serves as a center for organizing microtubules in interphase cells and the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Back 54

centrosome

Front 55

______ and ________ are motile projections of the cell surface.

Back 55

Cilia
flagella

Front 56

________ move fluid along the cell surface; a _______ moves an entire cell.

Back 56

Cilia
flagellum