A&p Chapter1

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

science of body structure

Front 2

physiology

Back 2

science of body function

Front 3

atoms

Back 3

the smallest unit of matter

Front 4

molecules

Back 4

2 or more atoms joined together

Front 5

cells

Back 5

molecules combine, and also is the basic structural and functional units of an organism.

Front 6

tissue level

Back 6

tissues are groups of cells ad the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function

Front 7

organ level

Back 7

different types of tissues are joined together to form an organ

Front 8

system level

Back 8

consists of related organs with a common function

Front 9

organism

Back 9

any living individual

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

is the sum of all the chemical process that occur in the body

Front 11

catabolism

Back 11

the breakdown of complex chemical substances into smaller components.

Front 12

anabolism

Back 12

the building up of complex chemical substances

Front 13

responsiveness

Back 13

the body's ability to detect and respond to changes

Front 14

movement

Back 14

motion

Front 15

growth

Back 15

is the increase in body size

Front 16

differntiation

Back 16

is the development of a cell from an unspecialized state to a specialized state

Front 17

reproduction

Back 17

the formation of new cells

Front 18

homeostasis

Back 18

the balance in the bodys internal environment

Front 19

intracellular fluid

Back 19

fluid within the cell

Front 20

extracellular fluid

Back 20

fluid outside the cell

Front 21

interstitial fluid

Back 21

the ecf that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissue

Front 22

Blood plasma

Back 22

elf within blood vessels

Front 23

lymph

Back 23

within lymphatic vessels

Front 24

cerebrospinal fluid

Back 24

ecf around the brain and spinal cord

Front 25

synovial fluid

Back 25

ecf in the joints

Front 26

aqueous humor

Back 26

ecf of the eye

Front 27

feedback system

Back 27

is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, changed, evaluated.

Front 28

receptor

Back 28

is a body structure that monitors changes in a controlled conditioned and sends input to a control center

Front 29

control center

Back 29

the brain, receives input from receptor then puts out the effector

Front 30

effector

Back 30

the body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response

Front 31

negative feedback

Back 31

reverse a change in a controlled condition

Front 32

positive feedback

Back 32

strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the bodys controlled condition ( contractions, labor)

Front 33

disorder

Back 33

any abnormality of structure or function

Front 34

disease

Back 34

is a more specific term for an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms

Front 35

symptoms

Back 35

subjective changes in the body that are not apparent to the observer.

example, headache, nausea, anxiety

Front 36

signs

Back 36

objective changes that can be observed

Front 37

epidemiology

Back 37

the science that deals with why, when, where diseases occur and how they are transmitted

Front 38

Pharmacology

Back 38

is the science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease

Front 39

anatomical postion

Back 39

standrad position

Front 40

prone

Back 40

lying face down

Front 41

supine

Back 41

the body lying face up

Front 42

head

Back 42

consists of skull and face

Front 43

neck

Back 43

supports the head and attaches it to the trunk

Front 44

trunk

Back 44

consists of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis

Front 45

sagittal plane

Back 45

is a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left sides

Front 46

midsagittal plane

Back 46

divide an organ right and left sides, midline

Front 47

frontal

Back 47

divides the body into anterior and posterior

Front 48

transverse

Back 48

divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions

Front 49

oblique plan

Back 49

passes through the body or an organ at an oblique angle

Front 50

cranial cavity

Back 50

contains the brain, formed by cranial bones

Front 51

vertebral cavity

Back 51

formed by the vertebral column and contains spinal cord and the beginnings of spinal nerves

Front 52

thoracic cavity

Back 52

chest cavity, contains pleural and pericardial cavities and mediastinum, formed by the ribs the sternum, and the thoracic portion

Front 53

pleural cavity

Back 53

each surrounds a lung

Front 54

pericardial cavity

Back 54

a fluid space that surrounds the heart

Front 55

mediastinum

Back 55

it is between the lungs, extending from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm

Front 56

adominopelvic cavity

Back 56

extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal muscular wall.

Front 57

abdominal cavity

Back 57

contains the stomach, spleen, liver , gallbladder, small and large intestine.

Front 58

pelvic cavity

Back 58

contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and interal organs for the reproductive system

Front 59

viscera

Back 59

organs inside the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Front 60

membrane

Back 60

a thin, pliable issue that covers, lines, partitions or connects structure

Front 61

serous membrane

Back 61

covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen

Front 62

parietal layer

Back 62

a thin epithelium that lines the walls of cavities

Front 63

visceral layer

Back 63

a thin epithelium that covers and adheres to the viscera within the cavities

Front 64

pleura

Back 64

the serous membrane of the pleural cavities

Front 65

visceral pleura

Back 65

clings to the lungs

Front 66

parietal pleura

Back 66

lines the chest wall

Front 67

pericardium

Back 67

the serous membrane of pericardial cavity

Front 68

visceral pericardium

Back 68

covers the surface of the heart

Front 69

parietal pericardium

Back 69

lines the chest wall

Front 70

pericardial cavity

Back 70

between the heart and lungs

Front 71

peritoneum

Back 71

the serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Front 72

visceral peritoneum

Back 72

covers the abdominal viscera

Front 73

parietal peritoneum

Back 73

lines the abdominal wall

Front 74

integumentary system

Back 74

Components:

Skin, hair, finger nails, toe nails

functions: protects body, helps regulate body temperature

Front 75

skeletal system

Back 75

Components:

bones and Joints of the body and their associated cartilages

functions:

supports and protects the body, provides surface area for muscle attachments , aids body movements

Front 76

Muscular system

Back 76

Components:

Skeletal muscle tissue- muscle usually attached to bones

Functions:

Participates in body movements, such as walking, posture

Front 77

nervous system

Back 77

Components:

Brain, spinal, cord, nerves, special sense organs (ears and eyes)

Functions: generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activites, detects changes in bodys internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions

Front 78

endocrine system

Back 78

Components: hormone producing glands, pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glans, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

function: regulate body activities by releasing hormones

Front 79

cardiovascular system

Back 79

Components: blood, heart, and blood vessels

functions: heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, and water content of body fluids, blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

Front 80

Lymphatic system

Back 80

Components: Lymphatic fluid, vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils, and cells that carry out immune responses

Functions: returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood; contains sites maturation and proliferation or B cells and T cells that protect against disease causing microbes

Front 81

respiratory system

Back 81

components: lungs, pharynx ( throat), larynx ( voice box), trachea (wind pipe), and bronchial tubes leading into and out of lungs

Function: transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air, helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids, air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords

Front 82

digestive system

Back 82

Components: organ of GI tract, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, anus, salivary glans a, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Functions: achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates solid wastes

Front 83

urinary system

Back 83

Components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

Function: produces, stores, and eliminates urine, wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood, helps regulate production of red blood cells

Front 84

reproductive system

Back 84

Components: Gonads, (testes and ovaries) and associated organs, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands in females and epididymides, ductus, deferns, seminal vesiceles, prostate and penis

Function: gonads produce gametes, that unite to form a new organism