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370 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are joints?
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the sites where two or more bones meet
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|
NAME
is the site where two or more bones meet |
joints
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What are the two fundamental functions of joints?
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(1)they give our skeleton mobility(2)they hold it together
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NAME
thier fundamental function includes they give our skeleton mobility and hold it together |
joints
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Joints can also be called (1)
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articulations
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articulatiosn are also called (1)
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joints
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What is the weakest part of our skeleton?
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joints
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How are joints classifed?
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(1)struture (2)function
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NAME
are classifed according to thier structure and function |
joints
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How are joints classifed according to thier function?
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based on the amount of movement
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How are joints classifed accodring to thier structure?
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based on the material binding the bones together and whether or not a joint cavity is present
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acording to their fucntion, what are the different kinds of joints?
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(1)synarthroses (2)amphairthroses (3)arthoses
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What are synarthoses?
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are immovable joints
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NAME
refers to immovable joints |
synarthoses
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What is amphairtthroses?
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are slightly immovable joints
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NAME
are slightly immovalbe joints |
amphiarthroses
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What are arthoses?
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are freely movable joints
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NAME
are freely movable joints |
arthoses
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Where are arthoses predominate?
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limbs
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NAME
based on function, this type of joint is predominate in our limbs |
arthoses
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(1) and (2) joints are primarly restricted to the axial skelton
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(1)immovalbe (20slightly movable
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Where are immovalbe and slightly movable joint primarly restricted to?
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the axial skeleton
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What are fibrous joints?
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are bones that are joined by fibrous tissue and have no joint cavity
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NAME
are bones that are joined by fibrous tissue and have no joint cavity present |
fibrous joints
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Are fibrous joint movable?
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(1)some are slight but most are immovable
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What are the three types of fibrous joints?
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(1)sutures (2)syndesmoses (3)gomphoses
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NAME
three types of this joint are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses |
fibrous
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What are sutures?
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are seams that ocur only btwn bones of the skull
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NAMe
are seams that ocur only btwn the bones of the skull |
sutures
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Sutures in during youth have a (1) that are continous w the periosteum. The result is nearly (2)
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(1)junction filled w small amounts of connective tissue (2)rigid splices that bind bones together yet allow the bones to grow at thier edge during youth
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What happens to the sutures during middle age?
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the fibrous tissue ossifies and the skull bones fuse into a single unit
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NAME
for this type of joint, the fibrous tissue ossifies and the skull bone fuse into a single unit during middle ages |
sutures
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What syntososes?
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are bony junctions
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Sutures around middle age, undergo a stage in which the fibrous tissue ossifies and the skull bones fuse into a single unit. At this point the sutures are know called (1)
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synostoses
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(1) around middle age, undergo a stage in which the fibrous tissue ossifies and the skull bones fuse into a single unit. At this point the sutures are know called synostoses
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sutures
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NAME
are bony junctions |
syntososes
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What are syndesmomes?
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bones that are connected by a ligament
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NAME
are bones that are connected by a ligament |
syndesmoses
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What is a ligament?
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is a cord or band of fibrous tissue
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NAME
is a cord or band of fibrous tissue |
ligament
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are syndesmomes movable?
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the amount of movement depends on the length of the connectiing fibers
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are sutures movable?
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no
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Why is the immovalbe nature of the satures a protective adaptation?
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bc movement of the cranial bones would damage the brain
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What are gomphoases?
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is a peg socket fibrous joint
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NAMe
is a peg socket fibrous joint |
gomphosis
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What is the only ex of a gomphosis?
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the articulation of a tooth w its bony alveolar socket
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NAME
a ex is the articulation of a tooth w its bony alveolar socket |
gomphosis
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What are periodontal ligaments?
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the fibrous connection of the teeth to thier sockets
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NAME
refers to the fibrous connection of the teeth to thier sockets |
periodontal ligaments
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What are cartilaginous joints?
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are the articulating bones that are united by cartilage and lack a joint caivty
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NAME
are the articulating bones that are united by the cartilage and lack a joint cavity |
cartilaginous joints
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What are two types of cartilaginous joints?
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(1)synchondorses (2)symphyses
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NAME
two types of this joint are the synchondroses and the synphyses |
cartilaginous joints
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What are synchondroses?
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is a bar or plate of hylaine cartilage that united the bones at a junction
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NAME
refers to junctions of cartilage |
synchondrosis
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NAME
is a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage that united the bone at a synchondrosis |
synchondroses
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What is a synchodrosis?
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is a junction of cartilage
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Are synchodrosis movalbe?
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no
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Virtually all synchondroses are (1)
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syanarthrotic
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What are the most common exs of synchondroses?
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(1)epiphyseal plates connecting the diaphysis and epiphysis regions in long bones of childern
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NAME
the most common ex are the epiphyseal plates connecting the diaphysis and epiphysis regions in the long bones of children |
synchondroses
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What is another example of a synchondroses?
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the immovalbe joint btwn the coastal cartialge and the ribs
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NAME
a example is the immovable joints btwn the coastal cartialge and the ribs |
synchondroses
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What are symphyses?
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are the articular surfaces of the bones covered w hyaline cartilage which in turn is fused to an intervening pad or plate of fibrocartialge
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NAME
are the articular surfaces of the bones covered w hyaline cartialge which in turn is fused to an intervening pad or plate of fibrocartilage |
symphyses
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NAME
this tissue acts as a shock absorber and permits limted amoount of movement at the (1) joint |
symphyses
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fibrocartialge acts as a (1) at the symphyses joints
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shock absorber and permiteds a limted amount of movement
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What are synovial joints?
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are those in which the articulating bones are seperated by a fluid containing joint cavity
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NAME
are those in which the articulating bones are seperated by a fluid containg joint cavity |
synovial joints
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NAME
are amphiartohrotic joints designed for strength w flexiability |
symphyses
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Symphyses are ampiartohrotic joints designed for (1)
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strenght w flexaiblity
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are symphyses movable?
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slightly
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NAME
a ex includes the intervertabral joints and the pubic symphysis of the plevis |
symphyses
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Give (2) exs of symphyses?
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(1)intevertebral joints (2)the pubic symphysis of the pelivs
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are synovial joints movable?
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yes
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What are the (5) distinguishing features of synovial joints?
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(1)articular cartilage (2)joint cavity (3)articular capsule (4)synovail fluid (5)reinforcing ligaments
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What keeps bones from being crushed?
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spongy cushions absorb compression placed on the joint
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What are the two layers of the articular capsule?
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(1)fibrous capsule (2)synovial membrane
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What is the fibrous capsule?
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is the external layer of the articular capsule that has dense irregular connective tissue
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NAME
is the external layer of the articular capsule that has dense irregular connective tissue |
fibrous capsule
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Why are the bones not pulled apart at the synovial joints?
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bc the fibrous capsule strengthens the joint
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(1) strengthens the joint to that the bones are not pulled apart
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fibrous capsule
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What is the synovial membrane?
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is the inner layer of the joint articular capsule that has loose connective tissue
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NAME
is the inner layer of the joint articular capsule that has loose connective tissue |
synovail membrane
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a small amount of (1) occupies all the free spaces within the joint capsule
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synovial fluid
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NAME
reduces friction btwn the cartilages |
synovial fluid
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synovial fluid provides a slippery weight bearing film that reduces (1)
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friction btwn the cartilages
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(1)is forced from the cartilages when a joint is compressed
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synovial fluid
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When is synovial fluid forced from the cartilages?
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when a joint is compressed
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What weeping lubrication?
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refers to when synovail fluid seeps back into the atricular cartilages when the pressure from the joint is releived
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NAME
refers to when synovial fluid seeps back into the atricular cartilages when the pressure from the joint is released |
weeping lubrication
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How are synovial joint reinforced and strengthened?
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by a number of bandlike ligaments
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(1) are reinforced and strengthened by a number of bandlike ligaments
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synovial joints
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What kind of ligaments most often reinforce and strengthen synovial joints?
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(1)capsular ligaments
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Capsular ligaments most often (1)
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stregnth and reinforce synovial joints
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Caspular ligaments are also called (1)
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intrinsic ligaments
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(1) ligaments are also called intrinsic ligaments
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caspular
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What are capsular ligaments?
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are thickened parts of the fibrous capsule
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NAME
are thickened parts of the fibrous capsule |
capsular ligaments
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What are the differ types of capsular ligaments?
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(1)extracapular (2)intracapsular
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Are people that are said to be double jointed really double jointed? Explain why?
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no, there joint capsules and ligaments are more strecthy and looser than average
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T or F
people are really double jointed |
false
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articular capsule and ligaments are richly supplied w (1)
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sensory nerve endings
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(1) help to mantain muscle tone and montior joint postion
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sensory nerve endings
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sensory nerve endings help to mantain (1)
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muscle tone and montior joint postion
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along with sensory nerve endings, synovial joints are also supplied w (1)
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blood vessels that supply the synovial membrane
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Other speacil featuers of synovial joints include (1) and (2)
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(1)fatty pads (2)articular discs
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NAME
some of this type of joint have fatty pads nad articualr discs |
synovial joints
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What are some examples of synovial joints w fatty pads?
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hip and knee joints
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hip and knee joints are ex(s) of synovial joints w (1)
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fatty pads
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articualr discs are also caleld (1)
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menisci
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(1) are also called menisci
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articular discs
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What are articular discs?
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are wedges of fibrocartialge seperating the articular surfaces
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NAME
are wedges of fibrocartialge sepearting the articular surface |
articular discs
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What are the benifts of articular discs?
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they improve the fit btwn the articulating bone ends, making the joint more stable and minimizing the wear and tear on the joint surfaces
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NAME
improve the fit btwn the articulating bone ends, making the joints more stable and minimizing the wear and tear on the joint surfaces |
articular discs
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Give a ex where arctiuclar discs ocur? (2)
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(1)knee (2)jaw
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NAME
ocur in the knee, jaw, and a few other joints |
arcticular discs
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T or F
bursae and tendon sheaths are part of synovial joints |
false
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What do bursae and tendon sheaths do?
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act as "ball bearings" to reduce the friction btwn adjacent structures during joint activty
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NAME
act as "ball bearings" to reduce the friction btwn adjacent structures during joint activity |
bursae and tendon sheaths
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What are bursae?
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are flattened fibrous sacs lined w synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovail fluid
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NAME
are flattened fibrous sacs lined s synovail membrane and containg a thin film of synovail fluid |
bursae
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NAME
are common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together |
bursae
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Where are bursae common?
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where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
|
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What is a bunion?
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is an enlarged bursa at the base of the big toe
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NAME
is an enlarged bursa at the base of the big toe |
bunion
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What is a tendon sheath?
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is an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction
|
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NAME
is an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction |
tendon sheath
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Why do joints need to be constantly streched and compresed?
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bc they must be stabilized so that they do not dislocate
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Joints need to be constantly (1) and (2), they must be stabilized so that they do not disloacte
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(1)streched (2)compressed
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What three factors that stability of joints depend on? (3)
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(1)shapes of the articular surface (2)number and positioning of ligaments (3)muscle tone
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|
T or F
articular surfaces play a minor role in the stability of the joints |
true
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the (1)and (2) provide the best ex of a joint made stable by the shape of its articular surfaces
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(1)ball (2)deep socket
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the ball and deep socket provide the best ex of a joint made stable by the (1)
|
shape of its articualr surface
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The more (1) a joint has the stronger it is
|
ligaments
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The more ligaments a joint, has the (1)
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stronger it is
|
|
T or F
streched ligaments stay streched |
true
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Ligaments can only strech (1)
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so far
|
|
T or F
when ligaments are the major means of bracing a joint, the joint is not very stable |
true
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|
when ligaments are the major means of bracing a joint, are they very stable?
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no
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Why are ligaments are the major means of bracing a joint, why are they not stable?
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bc ligaments can only strech so far befoer they snap
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For most joints, (1)are the most stablizing factors
|
muscle tendons that cross the joint
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|
For most joints, muscle tendons that cross the joint are the (1) stabilizing factors
|
most
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|
T or F
for most joints, muscle tendons that cross the joints are not the most stabilizing factors |
false
|
|
What is a muscle's orgin?
|
is the attachment of muscles to immovalbe or slightly immovalbe bones
|
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NAME
refers to the attachment of muscles to immovable or slightly immovable bones |
a muscle's orgin
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What is the insertion?
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is the attachment site of a muscles to a movable bone
|
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NAME
is the attachment site of muscles to a movable bone |
insertion
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|
Every skeletal muscle of the body is attached to the bone or other connective tissue strutures at two points called (1) and (2)
|
(1)origin (2)insertion
|
|
How does muscle movement ocur?
|
when musles contract across joints and thier insertions moves toward the orgin
|
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NAME
ocurs when musles contract across the joints and thier insertion moves toward their orgin |
body movement
|
|
Range of motion allowed by synovial joints can vary from (1) to (2) to (3) to (4)
|
(1)nonaxial movement (2)uniaixal movement (3)biaxial movement (4)multiaxial movement
|
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What is nonaxial movement?
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is slipping movements w no movement around the axis
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NAME
is slipping movements w no movment around the axis |
nonaxial movemnts
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What are uniaxial movements?
|
are movements in one plane
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NAME
are movements in one plane |
uniaxial movments
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What is biaxial movements?
|
is movement in two planes
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NAME
is movement in two planes |
biaxial movements
|
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What are multiaxial movement?
|
is movement in or around all three planes
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NAME
is movement in or around all three planes |
multiaixial movements
|
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T or F
the range of motion varies greatly in different people |
true
|
|
What are three general types of movement?
|
(1)gliding (2)angular movements (3)rotation
|
|
NAME
is the simplest joint movement |
gliding movements
|
|
Gliding movements are the (1) movements
|
simplest
|
|
What are gliding movments?
|
are when one flat, or nearly flat bones surface glides or slips of another
|
|
NAME
is one flatm or nearly flatm bone surface glides or slips over another |
gliding
|
|
What are angular movements?
|
is the increase or decrease in the angle btwn two bones
|
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NAME
is the increase or decrease in the angle btwn two bones |
angular movements
|
|
What is flexion?
|
is the bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together
|
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NAME
is the bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulating bones closer together |
flexion
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|
Give some exs of flexion? (2)
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(1)bending the head foward to the chest (2)bending of the body trunk or knee from a straight to an angled postion
|
|
NAME
exs include the bending of the head foward to the chest and the bending of the body trunk or knee from a striaght to an angled postion |
flexion
|
|
What are extension?
|
is the movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle btwn the articulating bones
|
|
NAME
is the movement along the sagittal plane that increases the angle btwn the articulating bones |
extension
|
|
NAME
exs include the straightening of a flexed neck, body trunk, elbow, or knee |
extension
|
|
Give some examples of a extension?
|
the straightening of a flexed neck, body trunk, elbow or knee
|
|
What is hyperextension?
|
is the bending of the head backward beyond its striaght postion
|
|
NAME
is the bending of the head backward beyond its striaght postion |
hyperextension
|
|
What is dorsiflexion?
|
is the lifting of the foot so that its superior surface appears
|
|
NAME
is the lifting of the foot so that its superior surface appears |
dorsiflexion
|
|
What is plantar flexion?
|
is depressing the foot
|
|
NAME
is depresing the foot |
plantar flexion
|
|
What is abduction?
|
is movement of a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane
|
|
NAME
is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane |
abduction
|
|
Give a ex of abduction
|
raising the arm laterally
|
|
NAME
raising the arm laterally is a example |
abduction
|
|
What is adduction?
|
is the movement of a limb toward the body midline
|
|
NAME
is the movement of a limb toward the body midline |
adduction
|
|
What is circumduction?
|
is the moving of a limb so that it describes a cone shape
|
|
NAME
is the moving of a limb so that it describes a cone shape |
circumduction
|
|
What is rotation?
|
is the turning of a bone around its own long axis
|
|
NAME
is the turning of a bone around its own long axis |
rotation
|
|
What kind of rotations are there? (2)
|
medial and lateral
|
|
(1) and (2) refer to the movement of the radius and ulna
|
(1)supination (2)pronation
|
|
Supination and pronation refer to the movement of the (1) and (2)
|
(1)radius (2)ulna
|
|
What does supination mean?
|
turning backward
|
|
NAME
means turning backward |
supination
|
|
What does pronation mean?
|
turning foward
|
|
NAME
means turning foward |
pronation
|
|
What is inversion?
|
is when the sole of the foot turns medially
|
|
NAME
is when the sole of the foot turns medially |
inversion
|
|
What is eversion?
|
is when the sole faces laterlly
|
|
NAME
is when the sole faces laterally |
eversion
|
|
Inversion and eversion are (1)
|
speacil movements of the foot
|
|
What is protraction?
|
refers to when the mandible is protracted when you jut out your jaw
|
|
NAME
refers to when the mandible is rptacted when you jut out your jaw |
protraction
|
|
What is retraction?
|
refers to when the mandible is retracted when you move your jaw back to its normal postion
|
|
NAME
refers to when the mandible is retracted when you move your jaw back to its normal postion |
retraction
|
|
What is elevation?
|
means lifting a body part superiorly
|
|
NAME
means lifting a body part superiorly |
elevation
|
|
What is depression?
|
is moving the elevated part inferiorly
|
|
NAME
is moving the elevated part inferiorly |
depression
|
|
What is oppostion?
|
is the movement when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand
|
|
NAME
is the movement when you touch your thumb to the tips of the other fingers on the same hand |
oppostion
|
|
Do synovial joints have a common structural plan?
|
no
|
|
What are the six major catergoies of synovial joints based on the shape of their articular surfaces?
|
(1)plane (2)hinge, (3)pivot (4)condyloid (5)sadle (6)ball and socket joints
|
|
What are plane joints?
|
are the articular surfaces that are essentially flat and they allow only short gliding or transiontal movements
|
|
NAME
are the articular surfaces that are essentially flat and they allow only short or gliding or transitonal movements |
plane joints
|
|
What is the only example of nonaxial joints?
|
gliding joints
|
|
Gliding joints are the only example of (1)
|
nonaxial joints
|
|
What are hinge joints?
|
are cylindrical projection of one bone that fits into a trough shaped surface on another
|
|
NAME
is a cylindrical projection of one bone that fits into a trough shaped surface on another |
hinge joints
|
|
What is a pivot joint?
|
is when the rounded end of one bone protrudes into a "sleeve" or ring composed of bone
|
|
NAME
is when the rounded end of one bone protudes into a "sleeve" or ring composed of bone |
pivot joint
|
|
Condyloid joints are also called (1)
|
ellipsoidal joints
|
|
(1) joints are also called ellipsoidal joints
|
condyloid
|
|
What are condyloid joints?
|
are joints in which the oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another
|
|
NAME
are joints in which the oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementray depression in another |
condyloid joints
|
|
Give ex of condyloid joints?
|
the wrist and knuckle joints
|
|
NAME
exs of these joints are the wrist and knuckle joints |
condyloid joints
|
|
What are saddle joints?
|
are shaped like a saddle and allow greater freedom of movement
|
|
NAME
are shaped like a saddle and allow greater freedom of movement |
saddle joint
|
|
What is a ex of a saddle joint?
|
the joints in your thumbs
|
|
NAME
a ex of this joint are the joints in your thumb |
saddle joints
|
|
What is a ball and socket joint?
|
are multiaxial and are the most free moving of the synovial joints
|
|
NAME
are multiaxial and are the most free moving of the synovial joints |
ball and socket joints
|
|
Give ex (2) of the ball and socket joints?
|
(1)shoulder (2)hip joints
|
|
NAME
ex of these joints are the shoulder and hip joints |
ball and socket joints
|
|
NAME
is the most largest and complex joint in the body |
knee
|
|
The knee is the most (1) and (2) joint in the body
|
(1)largest (2)complex
|
|
What are the three joints of the knee?
|
(1)emorpatellar joint (2)tibiofemoral joint (3)menisci
|
|
NAME
this joint is made up of three joints; emorpatellar joint, tibiofemoral joint, and the menisci |
knee joint
|
|
Where is the femorpatellar joint located?
|
btwn the patella and the lower end of the femur
|
|
NAME
this joint of the knee is btwn the patella and the lower end of the femur |
femorpatellar joint
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Where is the tibiofemoral joint located in the knee joint?
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lateral and medial joints
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NAME
are the lateral and medial joints of the knee |
tibiofemoral joints
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What is the menisci?
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is a C shaped joint of the knee
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NAME
is a C shaped of the knee |
menisci
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How is the knee joint unique?
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bc the joint cavity is only partially enclosed by a capsule
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NAMe
for this joint, the joint cavity is only partially enclosed by a capsule |
knee joint
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What are three ligaments found in the knee joint where the capsule is not located?
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(1)patellar ligament (2)medial and lateral patellar retincaula
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Patellar ligament, and the medial and lateral patellar retincaula are three (1)
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broad ligaments of the patella
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When physcians tap your knee to test your reflex, what ligament are the tapping?
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your patellar ligament
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The extracapsular and capsular ligaments all act to prevent (1) of the knee
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hyperextension
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What are three ligaments that help that are streched when the knee is extended? (3)
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(1)olbique popliteal ligament (2)arcaute popliteal ligament (3)arcuate poplietal ligament
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What is the posterior cruciate ligament?
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prevents the backward displacement of the tibia or foward sliding of the femur
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NAME
this ligament prevents the backward displacement of the tibia or foward sliding of the femur |
posterior cruciate ligament
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Muscle tone of the (1) muscles is important in knee stability
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quadriceps and semimembranosus muscles
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Muscle tone of the qaudriceps and semimembranosus muscles is important in (1)
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knee stability
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the knees have a build in (1) that provides steady support for the body in standing
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locking device
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Of all the body joints, the (1) are the most susceptable to sports injuries
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knee
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Why is the knee the most susceptbale joint to sports injuries?
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bc of thier high reliance an nonarticular factors for stability and the fact that they carry the body's wieght
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The knee can absorb (1) force but not (2) force
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(1)vertical (2)horizontal
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The knee is vunerable to (1) forces
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horizontal
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What are the three common ligaments damaged to the knee (think 3 common C's)
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(1)collateral ligaments (2)cruciate ligaments (3)cartilages
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Injuries that affect the (1) in the knee are become more common particaully in womens sports
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aneterior crucialte ligament
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What is the shoulder joint?
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is the most freely moving joint of the body
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NAME
is the most freely moving joint in the body |
shoulder joint
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The shoulder joint is a (1) joint
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ball and socket joint
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the hip joint is a (1)joint
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ball and socket joint
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NAME (2)
both are exs of a ball and socket joint |
(1)hip and (2)shoulder joint
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What are two ligaments making up the shoulder joint?
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(1)coracohumeral ligament (2)3 glenohumeral ligament
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What is the coracohumeral ligament?
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provides the only strong thickening of the capsule and helps suppport the weight of the upper limb
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NAME
is a shoulder joint that provides the only strong thickening of the capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb |
coracohumeral ligament
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NAME
the ligaments of this joint are coracohumeral ligament and the 3 glenohumeral ligaments |
shoulder joint
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What is the glenohumeral ligament?
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helps to strengthen the front of the capsule of the shoulder joint but are weak and may even be absent
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NAME
this ligament helps to strengthen the front of the capsule of the shoulder joint but are weak and may even be absent |
glenohumeral ligament
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What is the roatator cuff?
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is four tendons that encircles the shoulder joint and blends w the articular capsule
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NAME
is four tendons that encircle the shoulder joint and blends w the articular capsule |
rotator cuff
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What is a common basketball injury?
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your rotator cuff can be severely streched
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Describe the movement of the hip joint
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movement can ocur in all possible planes but are limited by the joint's strong ligaments and its deep socket
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NAME
for this joint, movement can ocur in all possible planes but are limited by the joint's strong ligaments and its deep socket |
hip joint
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What are the differ ligaments of the hip joint? (4)
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(1)iliofemoral ligament (2)pubofemoral ligament (3)ischofemoral ligament (4)ligament of the head of the femur
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What is the ilofemoral ligament?
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is a V shaped ligament of the hip joint
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NAME
is a V-shaped ligament of the hip joint |
ilofemoral ligament
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What is the pubofemoral ligament?
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is a traingular thickening of the inferior part of the capsule of the hip joint
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NAME
is a triangular thickening of the inferior part of the capsule of the hip joint |
pubofemoral ligament
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What is the ischiofemoral ligament?
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is a spiraling posteriorly located ligament of the hip joint
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NAME
is a spiraling posteriorly located ligament of the hip joint |
ischiofemoral ligament
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the ligament of the head of the femuer is also called the (1)
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ligamentium teres
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What is the ligamentium teres?
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the ligament of the head of the femur
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NAME
refers to the ligament of head of the femur |
ligamentum teres
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What is the function of the ligamentum teres?
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it is unclear
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NAME
the function of this ligament in the hip joint is unclear |
ligamentum teres
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What is the elbow joint?
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provides a stable and smoothly operating hinge that allows flexion and extension only
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NAME
provdies a stable and operating hinge that allows flexion and extension only |
elbow joint
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What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?
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(1)annular ligaments (2)ulnar collateral ligament (3)radial collateral ligament
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NAME
this ligaments of this joint are the annular ligaments, ulnar collarteral ligaments, and redial collarteral ligament |
elbow joint
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What is annular ligament?
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surrounds the head of the radius
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NAME
surrounds the head of the radius |
annular ligament
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What are the two strong caspular ligaments that restircted the side to side movements of the elbow joint?
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(1)ulnar collateral ligament (2)radial collateral ligament
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What are the ulnar collateral and radial collateral ligament?
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are two strong capsular ligaments that restrict the side to side movement of the elbow joint
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What are the most common trauma induced joint injuries (2)?
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(1)sprains (2)dislocations
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Altough sprains and dislocations are the most common trauma induced joint injuries, (1) injuries are equally threatening to atheltes
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cartilage
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What is a sprain?
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is when the ligament reinforcing a joint are strecthed or torn
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NAMe
is when the ligaments reinforcing a joint are streched or torn |
sprain
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Partially torn ligaments can (1)
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repair themsevles but take a while bc they are poorly vascularized
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What happens when ligaments are sverly damaged by a sprain?
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they must be sugrically removed abd replaced w subsitue ligaments bc they are so hard to repair
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What is arthroscopic surgury?
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a procedure in which damaged cartilage is removed and enables patient to be our of the hosptial the same day
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NAME
is a procedure in which damaged cartilage is removed and enables the patient to be out of the hospital in the same day |
arthroscopic surgury
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Also, overuse damge to the (1) of tther joints is become increasinyl common
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articualr cartilages
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Why does cartilge stay torn?
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bc it can rarely obtain noursihment and it is avascular
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Cartilage if torn will (1)
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stay torn
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What is dislocation?
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cours when bones are fored out of alignment
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NAME
occurs when bones are forced out alignment |
dislocaion
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What are things that are commonly dislocated?
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joints of the (1)thumbs (2)fingers (3)jaw (4)shoulders
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Joints of the thumbs, fingers, jaws, and shoulders are commonly (1)
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dislocated
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What is subluxation?
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is a partial dislocation of a joint
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NAME
is paratial dislocation of a joint |
subluxation
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Why are repeat dislocations of the same joint common?
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bc the intial dislocation streches the joint capsule and ligament
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Repeat dislocations in the (1) joint are common
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repeat
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What are some inflammatory conidtions that affect the joints?
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(1)burstis (2)tendonitis (3)various forms of arthtis
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burstis, tendonitis, and various forms of arthis are (1) conditions that affect the (2)
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(1)inflammatory (2)joints
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What is bursitis?
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is inflammation of a bursa and is usally caused by a blow or friction
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|
NAMe
is an inflammation of a bursa and is usally caused by a blow or friction |
bursitis
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Falling one one's knee may result in (1)
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bursitis
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Prolonged leaning of the one's elbow may result in (1)
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student elbow
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What is tendonitis?
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is the inflammation of the tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse
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NAME
is the inflammation of tendon sheaths typically caused by overuse |
tendonitis
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What is arthrits?
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describes that 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints
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NAME
refers to the 100 different types of inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints |
arthritis
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NAME
is the most wide spreading crippling disease in the USA |
arithis
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Arithis is the most wide spread (1) in the USA
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crippling disaese
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Acute forms of arithis usally result from (1)
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bacetria invasion
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What are some chronic forms of arthitis? (3)
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(1)osteoarthiritis (2)rheumatoid arithis (3)gouty arthritis
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What does OA stand for?
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Osteoarthritis
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NAME
is the most common chronic arthrits |
OA
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NAME
is the most common chronic arithis |
OA
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OA is the most common (1)
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chronic arthistis
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NAME
is called the "wear and tear arthirits" |
OA
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What is theory on what causes OA?
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that the normal joint prompts the realease of enzymes that break down the articuluar cartilage
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is the cause of OA known?
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no
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What are the symptoms of OA?
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(1)stiffness (2)crounching noices when they move
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|
NAME
sympoptoms include stiffness and crounching noises when they move |
OA
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The course of OA is usally (1) and (2)
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(1)slow (2)irreversible
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|
What is RA?
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is a chronic inflammtory disorder w an insidious onset
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|
NAME
is a chronic inflammtory disorder w an insidious onset |
RA
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What does RA stand for?
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rheymatoid arithis
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Both RA and OA, affect men more than women, or women more than men?
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women more than men
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RA is a (1) disease
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autoimmune
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What is autoimmune disease?
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is a disorder in which the body's immune system attack's its own tissues
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|
NAME
is a disorder in which the body's immune system attack's its own tissues |
autoimmune system
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What is pannus?
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is an abnormal tissue that clings to the articualar cartilage
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|
NAME
is an abnormal tissue that clings to the articular cartilage |
pannus
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What is the proccess of RA (symptoms?
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(1)synovial fluid accumulates and thickens into a pannus (2)scar tissue forms and connects the bone ends (3)the scar tissue ossifes and the bone ends fuse together
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What is anklosis?
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is the end conidtion of RA in which the scar tissue ossfies and the bone ends fuse together often resulting in deformed fingers
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|
NAME
is the end condition of RA in which the scar tissues ossifies and the bone ends fuse toegher often forming deformed fingers |
anklosis
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What are some promising drugs for RA?
|
biologic response modifers which neutralize some of the harmful properties of the inflammatory chemicals
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Is there a cure for RA?
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no
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|
What is gouty arthristis?
|
is a inflammtory response leading into an agonizingly painful attack
|
|
NAME
is an inflammtory response leading into an agonizingly painful attack |
gouty arthritis
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|
gouty arthristid is often at the (1)
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base of the toe
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|
(1) arthrisit is often at the base of the toe
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gouty
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How causes gouty arthrisits?
|
when blood levels of uric acid rise excesviely, they may depostit needle shaped crystals in the soft tissues of the joints
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NAME
is caused when when blood levels of uric acid rise excesviely, they may depostit needle shaped crystals in the soft tissues of the joints |
gouty arthritis
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Is gout far more common in males than females or females than males?
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males than females
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Why is gout far more common in males than females?
|
bc males naturally have higher levels of uric acid in the blood
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|
is there a cure for gout?
|
yes
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|
T or F
virtuall everyone has OA at some point in there 70's |
true
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