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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aerobic respiration:
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glycosis-->Krebs cycle-->oxidative phosphorylation-->36 ATP
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Anaerobic respiration:(fermentation)
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glycosis-->regenerate NAD+-->much less ATP
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Glycosis:
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conversion of glucose into 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and NADH; occurs in the cytoplasm, and in botch aerobic and anaerobic respiration; must have NAD+ to proceed ... TOTAL ENERGY PRODUCTION AT THIS POINT --> 2 ATP + 2 NADH
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Krebs Cycle:
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conversion of pyruvate into 4 NADH. 1 FADH(2), 1 ATP, H(2)O, and CO(2); occurs twice for each glucose to yield 8 NADH, 2 FADH(2), and 2 ATP; occurs in mitcochondria ... TOTAL ENERGY PRODUCTION TO THIS POINT--> 4 ATP + 10 NADH + 2 FADH(2)
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Oxidative Phosphorylation:
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production of large amounts of ATP from NADH and FADH(2)-Occurs in mitochondria, needs presence of oxygen to proceed. NADH and FADH(2) pass their electrons down the etc to produce ATP. Each NADH can produce up to 3 ATP; each FADH(2) up to 2 ATP. 1/2 O(2) is the final acceptor in the etc. Movement of electrons down the chain leads to movement of H+ our of matrix. Ox-phos regenerates NAD+ so that glycosis can continue!
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Chemiosmosis:
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coupling of the movement of electrons down the ETC with the formation of ATP using the driving force provided by the proton gradient; occurs in BOTH cell respiration AND photosynthesis to produce ATP
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ATP synthase:
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enzyme responsible for using protons to actually produce ATP from ADP ... TOTAL ENERGY PRODUCTION TO THIS POINT --> 38 ATP (use two in the process--> 36 ATP total
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Ferementation: (general)
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process that regenerates NAD+ so glycosis can begin again ... occurs without oxygen, begins with glycosis - 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH are produced, because there is no oxygen to accept the electron energy on the chain there is a shortage of NAD+, which prevents glycosis from continuing.
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Ferementation: (alcohol)
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occurs in fungi, yeast, and bacteria; causes conversion of pyruvate to ethanol
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Fermentation: (lactic acid)
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occurs in human muscle cells; causes conversion of pyruvate --> lactate; causes cramping sensation when oxygen runs low in muscle cells.
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