Ap 1 Exam 1 Review Part 2

Front 1

NOTES:
RNA has 1 principle role: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
RNA is single stranded
RNA makes copies of DNA, one gene at a time
RNA contains the genetic materials ONLY for VIRUSES

Back 1

NOTES:
ATP is high energy, ADP is low energy (until a phosphate gets attach and forms ATP)
ATP is an unstable, tightly coiled nucleotide, ready to uncoil with tremendous readily usable energy

Front 2

Plasma (Cell membrane)

Back 2

fragile outer barrier of a cell that is surrounded or bathed in fluid called INTERSTITIAL FLUID

Front 3

Cytoplasm

Back 3

gel like material inside the plasma membrane. (around the cytoplasm are the organelles)

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

surrounded by cytoplasm and is the control center for all cell activities. Usually in center of the cell

Front 5

Microvilli

Back 5

cell membrane that has finger like extensions to increase surface area
ex: intestinal cells

Front 6

Permeable Membrane

Back 6

continuous, deliberate, selective, traffic flow through the cell membrane

Front 7

Simple Diffusion

Back 7

occurs when molecules go from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with no assistance
ex: water

Front 8

Osmosis

Back 8

unassisted simple diffusion

Front 9

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 9

assisted diffusion, occurs when a carrier molecule, usually a protein, transport a molecule through the cell membrane
ex: glucose, oxygen

Front 10

Filtration

Back 10

when pressure fluid pressure forces water through a membrane
ex: kidney

Front 11

Active Transport

Back 11

requires energy to occur because it works against the concentration of molecules

Front 12

Vesicular Transport

Back 12

requires energy to occur, and involves transport of large particles and large molecules by 2 methods EXOCYTOSIS and ENDOCYTOSIS

Front 13

Cytosol

Back 13

a viscous, semi transparent fluid which helps suspend the other elements of the cell

Front 14

Organelles

Back 14

little organs of the cell which are actually the machinery of the cell

Front 15

Inclusions

Back 15

NOT functional parts, but include necessary chemical substances that are present for future use
ex: sugars, fats, vitamins, pigments

Front 16

Nucleus

Back 16

filled with jelly like fluid call nucleoplasm (which is similar to cytosol)
contains nucleoli, (which manufactures ribosomes)
houses dark areas call CHROMATION (which is stored DNA)

Front 17

ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Back 17

a network of tubular membranes found within the cytoplasm

Front 18

Cisterne

Back 18

fluid filled cavities (tubes)

Front 19

Rough ER

Back 19

studded with ribosomes and it is the cell's membrane factory, phospholipids are made here as well and other important proteins for cell membrane

Front 20

Smooth ER

Back 20

continuation of the rough ER and consists of a series of tubules
- the enzymes contained in smooth ER plays no role in protein synthesis