Anthropology Chapter 5

Front 1

Holocene

Back 1

from the Greek worn for "recent", refers to the millennium since the end of the Pleistocene (Ice Age) about 10,000 b.c.

Front 2

Koster, Illinois

Back 2

A stratified site in the Illinois river valley of N. American Midwest inhabited from about 7500 b.c. to a.d. 1200 by foragers, then by maize farmers. (push to plant domestication)

Front 3

Fertile Crescent

Back 3

The crescent of territory from the Nile valley through the Iranian highlands to Mesopotamia, where agriculture and civilization first appeared.

Front 4

Flotation

Back 4

A method of recovering plant remains bypassing them through screens and water

Front 5

Obsidian

Back 5

Volcanic glass (prized for easy working properties, sharp edges and ornamental appearance in SW Asia and Mexico)

Front 6

Domestication

Back 6

When humans intervene in the breeding patterns of plants and animals for their own use

Front 7

Sedentism

Back 7

practice of living in on place for long time or for ever (Rather than a hunter and gatherer community)

Front 8

Bender and Hayden

Back 8

Developed a theory for domestication where first domesticates where not for food. (rather for prestige not so much for basic need)

Front 9

Environmental Deteminism

Back 9

(AKA Climate determinism) is the belief that a physical environment affects social and cultural development

Front 10

population "packing"

Back 10

Binford's term referring to the density of peoples across a territory. Single group requires certain territory to accomplish minimum levels of subsistence. Territory depends on resource available which lead to his population pressure theory for domestication

Front 11

Yali's Questions (Cargo)

Back 11

People in New Guinea are among the most culturally diverse and adaptable people in the world. So why are they so much poorer than modern Americans? This was put forth by Yali: "Why you white man have so much cargo and we New Gunieans have so little?"

(Cargo = New Guineans call material goods)

Answer at end of movie calls for Geography (their environment)

Front 12

V. Gordon Childe

Back 12

Developed one theory for domestication called "Oasis Hypothesis"; where plants and animals are forced to cluster around water holes (Oasis) therefore easier to domesticate

Front 13

Brainwood:

Back 13

Developed a theory of domestication called "Hilly flanks" where domestication forms occur away from areas of natural abundance.

Front 14

AMS Dating

Back 14

(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry carbon dating) Can date the age of a sample material by counting the number of 14C atoms present

Front 15

Dhra'

Back 15

Site in Jordan valley, near Dead Sea, where discovery of sophisticated ancient dwellings; Showing the site of a small village; one of the earliest permanent villages in world.

Front 16

Gobekli Tepe

Back 16

Archaeological site in modern day Turkey, dated back to early neolithic times; yet purpose of the structure is not yet clear

Front 17

Neolithic

Back 17

(New Stone Age) of or relating to, the later part of Stone Age associated with ground or polished stone weapons and Agricultural Revolution.

Front 18

Natufian

Back 18

A late Mesolithic culture of the Middle East, dated about 12,500 to 10,000 years ago; providing evidence for the 1st settled villages.

Front 19

Binford

Back 19

Developed a theory of domestication called "Population Pressure" where one has to make do with immediate area.

Front 20

Disease vector

Back 20

a carrier of disease especially between species.

Front 21

Sago Tree

Back 21

Tree used by the New Guineans for the pulp at the center, which can be turned into dough and cooked. (important food source)

Front 22

Taro roots

Back 22

Crop New Guineans planted that differed from wheat because they had to be planted one by one and had low amount of protein and thus lead to protein deficiency

Front 23

Chumash Culture

Back 23

American Indian tribe mainly in present day Santa Barbara