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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What direction do limb buds rotate? when?
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Medially
7th wk |
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What bone has the popiteal fossa
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femur
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What two bones have the major articulation in the knee joint?
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Femur
Tibia |
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Which bone/s have medial/lateral condyles
Which bones have medial/lateral epicondyles |
Condyles: femur and tibia (its the articular surface, the tibia has an intercondylar eminence
Epicondyles: femur |
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Where it the intertrocanteric line?
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on the post surface of the femur, btwn the greater and lesser trochanter. The quadratus femoris attaches here
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What bones have a bicondylar angle?
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the femur
knock knees |
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what bone has a gluteal tueberosity
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the superior post aspect of the femur shaft
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where is the adductor tubercle
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medial side of the femur
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Wher is the linea Aspera
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on teh post aspect of the femur
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Where is the anterolateral (Gredys) Tubercle. what inserts here?
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The IT bands attachment
its located in the tibia lust below the lateral condyle |
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Where does the quadracep attach? (what mm?
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the tibial tuberosity
Vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis |
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Name the layers of deep fascia of the LE that are continuous. Give a function
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Body: Scarpa's/Colle's
Thigh: Fascia Lata Knee: popiteal Fascia Leg: Crural Fascia **Functions to hold mm in during contraction and prevent bulging **deep fascia is also continuous with investing fascia of mm (expecet a name change!) |
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What is the superior fascial opening called? What layer of fascia is it in? what structure runs through it? What does it function as?
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saphenous opening
fascia lata lets great saphenous vein merge with the femoral V *connects superficial and deep venous drainage |
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Where is the common attachemnt for the intramuscular septa the divides the thigh into compartments? What fascia is the intramuscular septa continuous with?
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Linea Aspera
Fascia Lata (deep) |
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What is the action, innervation and blood supply for the ant, post, and medial compartments of the thigh
**blood supply has overlap, just generally |
Anterior: flex hip, extend knee, Femoral A, Femoral N
Posterior: extend hip, flex knee, Deep A of the thigh, Sciatic N (tibial branch, anterior small division) Medial: adductors, Obturator A, Obturator N |
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What does the femoral N do?
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L2-L4
anterior thigh flex hip extend knee |
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What are the mm of the anterior thigh
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Iliopsoas
sartorius gracillis quadraceps: rectus femoris, vastus med/lat/intermed Pectineus |
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Iliopsoas
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combo of iliacus and psoas major
inserts on lesser trochanter Hip flexor Lateral rotation |
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Sartorius
actions innervations |
hip flexor, abduction, lateral rotation
Femoral N |
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What is the main extensor of the leg? what innervates it?
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QUADS! Vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
Femoral N |
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What is the only portion of the quads that crosses the hip? where does it attach? what implication does this have on motion? Where do the other quads attach? Distally where do they attach
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The rectus femoris attaches to the AIIS so it will act to flex the hip. The rest of the quads attach on the femur shaft and so only extend the knee. The distal attachment is on the tibial tuberosity
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Name the tendons that connect the quads to the leg
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rectus femoris tendon, quadracep tendon, patella, patellar ligament
The patellar tendon actually inserts on the tuberosity, it is a continuation of the quadraceps tendon |
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The patella
bone type? found where? Fx (2)? Knee Reflex tests what N level? |
sesamoid
in quad tendon protection and leverage for leg extension L4 |
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Pectineus
compartment? action? innervation |
anterior thigh
adduction femoral N |
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Tell me about the femoral N? Where does it branch from, where does it course, and what does it supply?
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It is the LARGEST branch from the lumbar plexus (in the psoas major) branches from L2-L4. It enters the ant thigh deep to the ingiunal lig. It supplies motor to the mm of the anterior thigh (except psoas major. It gives sensory to the majority of the anterior thigh. It branches into the saphenous N where it gives motor to ________ and sensory to the anterior leg via saphenous
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What dermatomes innervate the anterior thigh
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L1-L3
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The external iliac branches into...
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the femoral a and the deep femoral a
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Name the course of the femoral a? what does it supply? does it run with any other structure?
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The external iliac branches into the deep femoral a and the femoral a at the inguinal ligament. The femoral A supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh. It runs anteromedially (superficial). At the adductor hiatus it becomes the popiteal A. It runs with the femoral N
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How can you block the femoral A? What is the femoral A used for?
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push btwn the ASIS and pubic symphisis to block it.
Used for cannulation, pulse, |
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The deep a of the thigh
course, branch, supply |
the external iliac branches into the femoral A at the inguinal ligament, the deep a of the thigh (deep femoral a). The deep a of the thigh supplies all 3 thigh compartments via its 3 branches. 1. perforating branches 2 medial circumflex femoral 3. lateral circumflex femoral
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What are the 3 branches of the deep a of the thigh. What does the deep a of the thigh branch from
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its a branch of the femoral a
its branches are 1. perforating branches 2. medial circumflex femoral 3. lateral circumflex femoral |
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The deep A of the thigh
A branch of what? Gives off what branches? |
deep A of the thigh comes off of the femoral A
gives medial/lateral circumflex femoral a which supply the head of the femur and perforating branchesthat enter the posterior compartment |
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what a pierces the adductor magnus?
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perforating branches from the deep a of the thigh. They enter the post compartment
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What is the anatomical relationship btwn the circumflex femoral a and the iliopsoas/pectinues
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medial circumflex courses btwn iliopsoas and pectineus
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what are the anastamosing a at the head of the femur?
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medial and lateral circumflex femoral a (branches from the deep a of the thigh)
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do the veins in the LE have valves? What vein contains the majorit of their valves in a specific portion of the LE, name the specific part?
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yes
The great saphenous has most all of its veins in the leg 'calf' |
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name the two major tributaries of the femoral v? To where do they drain
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1. great saphenous (joins superficial to deep at 2. saphenous opening)
Deep Vein of the thigh **the femoral vein (made when great saphenous and deee vein of the thigh join) drains into the external iliac |
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where can you cannulate to enter the R side of the heart?
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the femoralV
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Does the great saphenous course medially or laterally
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medially
**comes from MDVA |
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Name a vein in the LE that does NOT have an analogous A
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great saphenous V
**arises from MDVA |
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What does the medial dorsal venous arch give rise to?
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great saphenous vein
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What can the great saphenous vein be used for?
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arises from MDVA and drains into the femoral through the saphenous opeining.
Used for coronary a graft! Flip the valves around! |
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When is the great saphenous distended? When is it hard to see?
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Distended due to gravity-Varicose Veins
Hard to see in babies and obese |
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Deep Vein Thrombosis
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Blood is stagnant and pools to create a clot, causes edema, can break off into an embolism
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What goup of mm are in teh medial thigh?
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ADductors
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What N innervates the medial thigh?
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Obturator
Post: sciatic Ant: femoral |
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name the mm of the medial compartment of the thigh?
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Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis |
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Adductor Longus
insertion? |
inserts on the distal linea aspera (attached to pubic tubercle)
**can be seen anteriorly inferior to pectineus |
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What is the relationship btwn adductor longus and brevis?
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Brevis is deep to longus.
Inserts on the top of the linea aspera |
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Adductor Magnus
compartment? parts? |
medial compartment
adductor part & hamstring part |
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Adductor Magnus!
compartment? Components |
Largest mm in medial compartment
Made of the adductor part and the hamstring part |
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Describe the differnces btwn the adductor part of adductor magnus and the hamstring part
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ADDUCTOR: adducts thigh, flex hip, obturator N
HAMSTRING: from the ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle, adducts thigh, EXTENDS hip (DUH! its a hamstring), sciatic N (tibial division) |
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what is the relationship btwn adductor longus, brevis, magnus
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all are in the medial compartment
Longus: superior (just below pectineus) Brevis: just under longus Magnus: deep to longus and brevis |
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What is the common insertion for the hamstrings? What is a mm in the medial compartment that acts as a hip extendor?
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The hamstring portion of the adductor magnus
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In what mm is the adductor hiatus? What happens at the adductor hiatus?
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in the hamstring part of the adductor magnus
The femoral a changes name to popiteal |
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Gracilis
location, description, action, insertion |
most medial mm
long and slender weak mm that helps sartorius and semitendinosus (___________) **pes _____ insertion on the medial side of the tibia often used in transplantation |
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what mm is kinda weak so its used often in transplantation
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gracilis
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Obturator A
what does it supply? what is a cool branch? what ligament is this branch in? |
it supplies its 'nearest neighbor; adductor mm and head of femur
Artery to the head of the femur is a branch from obturator, it is in the ligament to the head of the femur |
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what branch off of the anterior internal iliac supplies the head of the femur
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the obturator
its branch is called the a to the head of the femur |
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Obturator N
what compartment does it innervate? Where is its sensory? what levels? anatomical relationship |
medial adductors motor
sensory to medial thigh L2-L4 the adductor brevis seperates the ant and post branches |
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what seperates the ant post branches of the obturator n?
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the adductor brevis
**obturator is L2-L4 |
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where does lymph from the medial compartment go initially? ultimatly
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superficial/deep inguinal nodes
ultimatly to external iliac |
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What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
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inguinal ligament (medial/superior)
Adductor longus (inf) Sartorius (lateral) **iliopsoas and pectineus are the floor N(AVeL) Femoral N Femoral A Femoral V empty Lymphatics |
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What are the structures in the femoral triangle? What structures are in the femoral sheath? What is the relationship btwn the femoral ring and the femoral sheath
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N(AVeL)
Femoral N Femoral A Femoral V empty Lymph The femoral N lies outside of the sheath but everything else is in the sheath, the femoral ring is the opening to the sheath |
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Where is the femoral pulse taken
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at the femoral triangel
the femoral V is within the femoral sheath N(AVeL) |
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What does the femoral sheath allow?
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allows the structures within to glide during hip movements
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What other cool thing is in the femoral triangle?
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the saphenous opening, where the great saphenous v joins the femoral v
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What is the femoral canal
What does it allow |
The femoral triangle contains a femoral ring that opends into the femoral sheath, housed withing the femoral sheath is the femoral canal.
The canal is the medial compartment of the sheath and contains the lymphatics, fat, and LCT. Allows expansion during venous return |
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Femoral hernia
common? location relative to ingunal canal and pubic tubercle? |
not common, but more so in girls
guts enter the femoral canal (the medial compartment of the femoral sheath) below the ingunal lig below and lateral to the pubic tubercle |
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what structures are in the lateral, intermediate and medial compartments of the femoral sheath
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Medial: Femoral A
Intermediate: Femoral V Media 'femoral canal': Lymph, fat, LCT. expands for venous return |
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What is the adductor canal? where does it conduct neurovasculature? What N is within it?
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from femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
sends N(AVeL) to popiteal fossa contains the saphenous N (came from femoral N) |
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is the adductor canal deep/superficial to sartorious?
what are the mm boundaries of the adductor canal? |
deep
sartorious adductor longus vastus medialis |