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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What 5 joints play key roles in hand function and placement?
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1. Scapulothoracic
2. Glenohumeral 3. Elbow 4. Radioulnar 5. Wrist |
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What 4 segments make up the upper limb?
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1. Shoulder
2. Arm 3. Forearm 4. Hand |
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What is the pectoral girdle?
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A bony ring consisting of
-Scapulae -Clavicles -Manubrium of the sternum. |
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What 3 regions are included in the shoulder?
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-Pectoral
-Scapular -Lateral supraclavicular |
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What is another name for:
-Arm -Forearm -Hand |
Arm = brachium
Forearm = antebrachium Hand = manus |
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What bone is contained in the brachium?
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Humerus
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What bones are contained in the antebrachium?
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Radius and Ulna
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What bones are within the hand?
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Carpus, metacarpus, phalanges
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What does the pelvic girdle consist of?
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The two hip bones connected to the sacrum.
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What does the Pectoral girdle consist of?
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The two scapulae and clavicles connected to the manubrium of the sternum.
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What is the Axial Skeleton composed of?
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-Cranium
-Vertebral column -Thoracic cage |
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What is the prominent difference between the pectoral and pelvic girdles?
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Pelvic = complete ring
Pectoral = incomplete; no posterior connctn btwn scapulae. |
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What makes up the Superior Appendicular Skeleton?
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-Pectoral girdle
-Bones of the free upper limb |
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Where does the superior appendicular skeleton articulate with the axial skeleton?
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ONLY at the manubrium -> the sternoclavicular joint!!
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What muscles (general) support & stabilize the pectoral girdle?
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Axioappendicular muscles
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What 3 terms are used to describe the clavicle?
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-Sternal end
-Shaft -Acromial end |
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What are the 3 functions of the clavicle?
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1. Crane like strut - lets the upper limb hang free
2. Bony boundary of cervicoaxillary canal - protects neurovascular bundle to upper limb. 3. Transmits shocks from upper limb to axial skeleton. |
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What type of bone is the clavicle?
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A long bone.
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What is the Conoid Tubercle?
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Attachment of conoid ligament near acromial end of clavicle.
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What is the conoid ligament?
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The medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament that suspends the upper limb from the clavicle.
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Where is the trapezoid line on the clavicle?
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Just lateral and inferior to the conoid tubercle
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What is the trapezoid line for?
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Attachment of the trapezoid ligament
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What is the Trapezoid ligament?
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The lateral part of the coracoclavicular ligament.
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What is the subclavian groove? Where is it?
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The attachment point for the Subclavius; on the inferior anterior side of clavicle.
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What ligament binds the 1st rib to the clavicle?
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Costoclavicular ligament.
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What are common causes of clavicular fractures?
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Blows to outstretched hand in children, Fall directly on the shoulder.
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Which part of the clavicle is weakest?
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Junction of middle and lateral thirds.
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What is unique about clavicle ossification?
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-First long bone to ossify
-Last long bone to be fully formed. |
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What ribs does the scapula overlie?
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2-7
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What are the posterior surfaces of the scapula?
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-Spine
-Supraspinous fossa -Infraspinous fossa |
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What is the interior surface of the scapula called?
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Costal surface (near ribs)
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Whatisthe costal surface called?
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Subscapular fossa
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What does the spine of the scapula end in laterally?
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The acromion
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What does the acromion articulate with?
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The acromial end of the clavicle
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What tubercle is on the scapular spine?
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Deltoid tubercle
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What joint lies directly under the AC joint?
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Glenohumeral joint
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What lies between the AC and glenohumeral joints?
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The coracoclavicular ligament which suspends and acts as a point of balance for the scapula and upper limb.
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What surface on the scapula allows for the glenohumeral joint?
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Glenoid cavity
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What finger-like or beaklike structure points from the upper lateral scapula?
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Coracoid process
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What is the largest bone in the upper limb?
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The Humerus!
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What bones does the humerus articulate with?
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Superiorly - Scapula
Inferiorly - Radius/Ulna |
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What are the 2 necks of the humerus?
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Anatomical neck
Surgical neck |
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Where are the lesser/greater tubercles of the humerus?
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On the head;
Lesser = anterior/medial Greater = Lateral |
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What is the Intertubercular groove?
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Aka, Bicipital;
Seperates greater/lesser tubercles. Biceps Longhead tendon lies there. |
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What 2 prominent features are on the shaft of the humerus?
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-Deltoid tuberosity
-Radial groove |
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What is the deltoid tuberosity?
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The site of attachment of the deltoid muscle on the humerus.
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What is the radial groove?
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The groove for the radial nerve.
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Mooving on to fascia
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ok
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What does the pectoral fascia invest?
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The pectoralis major; continuous with abdominal wall.
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What does the lateral border of pec fascia become?
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axillary fascia
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What fascial layer is deep to pec major?
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Clavipectoral fascia
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What does clavipectoral fascia enclose?
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Subclavius and pectoralis minor
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What is the costocoracoid membrane?
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Part of the clavipectoral fascia that goes between pec minor and the subclavius.
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What pierces the costocoracoid membrane?
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-Thoracoacromial artery
-Lateral pectoral nerve -Cephalic vein |