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168 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of Issues are:
Family-cenered maternal-newborn care AHA Pregnant Patient's Bill of Rights Choice of provider, setting, and support culture influences expectations and behaviors access, resources, care coordination/management? |
Professional Issues
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U.S. nonwhite mortaility rate is how much higher than white mortality rate?
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2 - 4 times higher nonwhite mortality rate than white mortaliy rate in the U.S.
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What type of issues are:
Informed consent Right to privacy Prenatal screening Abortion Assisted reproduction Embryonic tissue use Gene manipulation Fetal treatment Cord blood banking High-risk neonate? |
Ethical Issues
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This results in two identical cells each with diploid number 46 chromosomes?
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Mitosis
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This results in gametes with haploid number 23 chromosomes (22x or 22y)?
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Meiosis
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Recombination of genetic material in what provides genetic variability?
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Recombination of genetic material in Meiosis provides genetic variability.
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The nuclei of what and what form diploid zygote?
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The nuclei of sperm and ova form diploid zygote.
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How many days prior to menses is ovulation?
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Ovulation 14 days prior to menses.
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Where does fertilization occur?
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Fertilization occurs in outer fallopian tube?
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How long does sperm survive?
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Sperm survives 48-72 hours.
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How long does the ova survive?
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Ova survives 12-24 hours.
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What determines the zyote's gender?
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Sperm X or Y determines zygote gender.
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About when does the first cleavage begin?
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The first cleavage occurs at about 24 hours.
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How often do cleavage divisions continue to occur?
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Cleavage divisions continue to occur at a rate of one about every 22 hours.
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Why is the zygote termed a morula by the time it reaches the body of the uterus?
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The zygote is termed a morula because of its bumpy outward appearance.
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About how many cells does a zygote consist of by the time it reaches the body of the uterus?
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By the time the zygote reaches the body of the uterus, it consists of 16 to 50 cells.
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What is the structure called that attaches to the uterine endometrium?
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Blastocyst
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The cells in the outer ring of the blastocyst are known as?
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Trophoblast cells.
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What is the part of the blastocyst that later forms the placenta and membranes?
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Trophoblast cells.
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What are the inner cells of the blastocyst called?
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Embryoblast cells.
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What are the inncer cells of the blastocyst called that later will form the embryo?
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Embryoblast cells.
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Why is the endometrium termed the dicidua?
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Decidua is the Latin word for falling off and it is termed this because it will be discarded after the birth of the child.
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What is the part of the endometrium that lies directly unde the embryo (or the portion where the trophoblast cells are establishing communication with maternal blood vessels), called?
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Decidua basalis.
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What is the portion of the endometrium that stretches or encapsulates the surface of the trophoblast called?
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Decidua capsularis.
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What is the remaining portion of the uterine lining called?
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Decidua vera.
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What does BOW stand for?
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Bag of waters.
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What is the term used for the amniotic sac?
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Bag of waters or BOW.
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What forms the amniotic sac or BOW?
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Chorion and amnion.
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What becomes specific organs and tissues through ecto-meso-endoderm?
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Primary germ layers.
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Amniotic fluid protects embryo/fetus metarnal seruma dn fetal?
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Urine
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____ small arteries twist around ___ fat vein in umbilical cord covered with _______ jelly.
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2 small arteries twist around 1 fat vein in umbilical cord covered with Wharton's jelly.
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The Latin word placenta means?
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Pancake, which is descriptive of its size and appearance at term.
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This serves as the fetal lungs, kidneys, and gastrointetinal tract and as a seperate endocrine organ throughout pregnancy?
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The placenta.
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How much surface area of the internal uterus does the placenta cover?
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About half.
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O2-CO2 exchange
Transfer of nutrients (rapid glucose transport) Removal of waste products Produces large amounts of vital hormones hCG, placental lactogen, estriol, progestin Late transfer IgGfives passive immunity All of these are the functions of? |
The Placenta
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What carries O2 rich blood to fetus?
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Unbilical vein.
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What carries deoxygenated blood away from the fetus?
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Umbilical arteries.
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What from the umbilical vein to the fetal vena cava bypasses the liver?
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The ductus venosus.
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The foramen ovale from right ot left atrium bypasses what?
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The right ventricle.
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The ductus arteriosus from pulmonary artery to descending aorta bypasses what?
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Lungs
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Days 15-56 or weeks 3-8 are known as what stage?
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Embryonic Stage
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During what stage do tissues differentiate into essential organs and the main external features develop?
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Embryonic Stage
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At what day does the heart start beating by?
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Day 24
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In what stage is the embryo most vulnerable to teratogen effects?
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Embryonic Stage
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In what stage does the embryo reace a crown-to-rump (C-R) length of 2.5cm?
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Embryonic Stage
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In what stage does the embryo attain a weight of 20g?
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Embryonic Stage
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What stage starts at week 9 and extends through birth?
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Fetal Stage
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During what stage do refining structures and perfecting fuctions occur?
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Fetal Stage
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By what week can a hearbeat be attained by Doppler ultrasound?
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Week 12
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By what week are differentiated genitals evident?
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Week 12
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By what week does lanugo develop and the suck, swallow ability?
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Week 16
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By what week is the embryo 25 C-R, a heartbeat can be attained by fetoscope and "mother" feels the quickening?
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Week 20
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By what week does the embryo reach 550g, the alveoli begin to form, vernix caseosa covers body, and the eyelids open?
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Week 24
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By what week is there surfactant in amniotic fluid, the SNS is maturing, and there is HR baseline variability?
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Week 28
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By what week can the embryo reach 1600g, the fat and muscle increase, embryo responds to sounds, and nails grow?
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Week 32
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By what week is the embryo 5-6 lbs, there is decreased lanugo, there are increased iron and calcium stores, vertex?
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Week 36
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What weeks make up the postconception age?
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38-40 weeks
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By what weeks is the child considered full term, creases cover the soles, and testes in scrotum?
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38-40 weeks or postconception age.
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What are the designated weeks for the trimesters?
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Weeks 1-12
Weeks 13-27 Weeks 28-40 |
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What type of pregnancy signs are:
Pelvic organ change, soften, blue/purple/red Enlarging abdomen Uterine souffle = mom HR Fetus palpated/balloted +hCG blood or urine? |
Provable Signs of Pregnancy
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What type of pregnancy signs are:
Amenorrhea Morning sickness Fatigue, frequency Breasts tender Quickening |
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
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What type of pregnancy signs are:
Fetal heartbeat 120-160 beats per minute, contrasting with mom's HR Fetus visualized by ultrasound Fetal movement palpated by examiner? |
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
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In pregnancy developmental tasks, what trimester includes pregnancy acceptance, unreal, ambivalence, self-focus, and labile mood?
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1st Trimester
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In pregnancy developmental tasks, what trimester includes acceptance of baby, fetus as distinct, and explore parental role?
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2nd Trimester
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In pregnancy developmental tasks, what trimester includes preparation for parenthood, vulnerable, ready to separate, and nesting?
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3rd Trimester
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Many men experience physical symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and backache to the same degree or even more intensely than their partners do during pregnancy. This is called?
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Couvade syndrome.
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A woman who has given birth to two term children, and is again pregnant is gravida ___, and para ____?
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Gravida 3 Para 2.
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A woman who has had two miscarriages at 12 weeks (under the age of viability) and is again pregnant is a graida ____, and para _____?
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Gravida 3 Para 0.
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What is the term for the number of pregnancies that reached viability, regardless of whether the infants were born alive or not?
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Para
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What is the term for a woman who is or has been pregnant?
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Gravida
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What is the term for a woman who is pregnant for the first time?
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Primigravida
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What is the term for a woman who has given birth to one child past age of viability?
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Primipara
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What is the term for a woman who has been pregnant previously?
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Multigravida
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What is the term for a woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability?
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Mulipara
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What is the term for a woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant?
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Nulligravida
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The T of TPAL stands for?
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Term
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The P of TPAL stands for?
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Preterm
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The A of TPAL stands for?
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Abortion
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The L of TPAL stands for?
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Living
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A woman who has given birth to two term children, and is again pregnant is gravida ___, para ____, T ____, P ____, A _____, L _____?
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Gravida 3 Para 2002 (GTPAL)
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The typical milestone measurements for this estimated date of birth measurement are:
Over sympysis pubis at 12 weeks at the umbilicus at 20 weeks at the xiphoid process at 36 weeks. The name for this measurment system is? |
McDonald Fundus
or McDonald's rule |
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To calculate the date of birth by this rule, count backward 3 calendar months from the first day of the last mentrual period and add 7 days. For example, if the last menstrual period began May 15, you would count back three months (April 15, March 15, February 15) and add 7 days, to arrive at a date of birth of February 22.
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Nagele's rule
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What assessment is:
VS, weight/BMI, system assesment with pelvic including pelvimetry Labs: blood-CBC,ABO/RH, TB, HIV, rubella, Hepatitis syphilis, sickle cell/+;urinalysis Pap smear, wet mounts, culture, STIs Fetus: ultrasound Doppler/scan? |
Initial Physical Assesment
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Mrs. Alarino is 5'6'' tall and weighs150 lbs.
1. Convert weight into kilograms: 150 lbs / 2.2 = 68kg. 2. Convert height into centimeters: 5'6'' = 66'' (5x12=60+6 inches = 66 inches), 66x2.5=165cm, 165/100=1.65 m. 3. Square height in meters (1.65x1.65=2.72) 4. Divide weight (kg) by m2 (68/2.72 = 25 BMI). |
BMI Calculation
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Normal Prepregnancy BMI
Underweight? |
Under 18.5
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Normal Prepregnancy BMI
Normal weight? |
18.5-24.9
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Normal Prepregnancy BMI
Overweight? |
25.0-29.9
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Normal Prepregnancy BMI
Obese? |
Above 30.0
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What assessments include:
Every 4 wks to 28; every 2 to 36; weekly + Current changes, discomforts, concerns, diet VS, FHR, weight gain, edema>reflexes, fundal height, urine dip for protein, glucose 16-18 weeks: offer triple screen (MSAlphaFetoProtein, estriol, hCG); ultrasound -27-30 weeks: fetal activity/ kick count 26-28 weeks: 1-hour glucose screen; hemoglobin; urinalysis 28,32,36 weeks: indirect Coombs for RH- 35-37 weeks: Group B Streptococcus Cultural expectations: diet, activity, emotional expression, preparations? |
Return Visits Assements
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NANDA Indicators
Seeks info, contacts health provider, monitors environment/behavior for risks, seeks balance, uses resources/ stress reduction/ social support, describes/ adheres to strategies? |
Health Seek / Maintenance
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NANDA Indicators
Food/fluid/nutrient intake, weight, biochemical, set goals, describes/ selects rec'd foods/ menu plan/ preparation, self-monitors? |
Nutrition, >/<
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NANDA Indicators
Partners verbalize changes/ needs/ concerns, develop strategies/alternatives to satisfy? |
Sexuality
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Persistent vomiting; oliguria?
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Danger sign
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Pain - head, epigastric, abdomen, pelvic/back?
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Danger sign
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Vaginal bleeding; fluid gush or leakage?
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Danger sign
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Temp >38.3C, chills; dysuria?
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Danger sign
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Edema, esp hands/face; visual disturbance?
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Danger sign
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Absent fetal movement 2-3 hrs?
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Danger sign
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Convulsion, muscular irritability?
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Danger sign
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Eat small often, avoid odor/greasy, dry apart from fluids, complex carb/protein.
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How you relieve the 1st term discomfort of nausea.
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Void promptly, increase daily fluid?
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How to relieve the 1st term discomfort of urinary frequency.
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Nap, early to bed?
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How to relieve the 1st term discomfort of fatigue.
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Expand support, no soap?
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How to relieve the 1st term discomfort of breast tenderness.
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Bathe, cotton, change liners?
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How to relieve the 1st term discomfort of Leukorrhea.
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Cool-air vapor, NS drops?
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How to relieve the 1st term discomfort of nasal stuffiness.
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Posture, pelvic rock, mechanics?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of backache.
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Move, fluids, fiber, softener?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of constipation.
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Avoid standing, no binding, rest feet up?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of edema.
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Exercise, Compression, legs up?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of varicosities.
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Eat small, avoid fat, no lying flat?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of heartburn.
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Shift slowly, don't stand in the heat?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of fainting.
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Dorsiflex, calcium=phosphorus?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of leg cramp.
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Straight up?
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How to relieve the late term discomfort of dyspnea.
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Regular, moderate exercise benefits - avoid max/ overheat/ hyperextend, check balance
Toning back/ abdomen, tailor sit for thigh, limit supine, Kegel pubococcygeal anytime Sexual desire varies - adjust positions Reduce demands/ hazards of work/ play Travel with belt low, walk every 2 hours? |
Balance Activity
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How long after a birth can a legal case be started?
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A legal case can be started up until the child is 18.
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______ results in two identical cells, each with diploid number __ chromosomes.
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Mitosis, 46
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______ results in gametes with haploid number 23 chromosomes (22x or 22y)
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Meiosis
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What is the chance for dominant genes?
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50%
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What is the chance for recessive genes?
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25%
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What is the term used for Mitotic Cell Division?
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Cleavage
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The mother will have an increased respiratory rate as the pregnancy goes on and her breathing will be more ______ than ______.
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throacic, abdominal
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During pregnancy, the mother produces more red cells but she also produces even more ______ so she shows reduced hemotacrit and hemaglobin.
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plasma
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Because of preparation for the baby, a mothers joints ______.
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relax
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Metabolism, weight, H20 intake, thyroid production, pituitary production, arenals, pancrease, all ________.
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increase
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What forms the diploid zygote?
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Nuclei of sperm and ova.
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Recombination of genetic material in _______ provides genetic variability.
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meiosis
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If you went to the different parts of the body of a person with mosaicism what would you find?
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Variation in genetic structure.
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What is the folicular phase?
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From the start of menses to ovulation.
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The time during which an ovum matures, beginning with the first day of the menstrual period and ending about 14 days later. Severl ovarian follicles begin maturation, but one outgrows the others. What phase is this?
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Follicular phase
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A surge of LH about 2 days before ovulation accompanied by a slight decrease in estrogen, causes full maturation of one ovum within its follicle. The ovum is released from the surface of the ovary and is picked up by the finged (fimbriated) end of the fallopian tube. What is this a description of?
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Ovulation
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LH causes cells from the old follicle (corpus luteum) to persist for about 12 days and secrete large amounts of estrogen and progesterone to enrich the uterine lining in preparation for a fertilized ovum. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum regresses and the woman has her menstrual period. What phase is this?
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Luteal phase
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The endometrium proliferates, and endometrial glands and tiny endometrial spiral arteries and endometrial veins grow; it lasts about the first 14 days of the cycle. What phase is this?
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Proliferative phase
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The endometrium further thickens, and substances are secreted to nourish a fertilized ovum; it lasts about 12 days after ovulation. What phase is this?
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Secretory phase
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Occurs when the corpus luteum regresses because an ovum was not fertilized. Vasospasm of endometrial vessels occurs, causing the endometrium to become ischemic and necrotic, resulting in the menstrual period. What phase is this?
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Menstrual phase
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What is the chance (percentage) of receiving two normal genes and being neither a carrier nor affected?
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25% chance or 1 in 4.
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What is the fertilized ovum called while it is in the fallopian tube?
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A Zygote
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What is the fertilized ovum (zygote while in the fallopian tube) called when it enters the body of the uterus?
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A Morula
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The solid inner mass of cells of the Morula is called the?
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Blastocyst
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The outer layer of cells of the Morula is called the?
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Trophoblast
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What grow into the endometrial lining and form finger-like projections called villi?
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Trophoblasts
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What are the layers of uterine tissue that grow around the blastocyst called?
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Decidua
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What is the portion of the Decidua that covers the implanted blastocyst called?
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Decidua capsularis
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What is the portion of the Decidua that grows directly under the blastocyst called?
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Decidua basalis
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What is the portion of the Decidua that lines the remainder of the uterine cavity called?
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Decidua vera
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What is the innermost lining of the membrane that produces amniotic fluid called?
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Amnion
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What is the outermost lining of the membrane that forms from trophoblasts, and chorionic villi develop into the placenta, called?
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Chorion
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This is produced by the amnion and derived from maternal blood?
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Amniotic fluid
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B is ok for the?
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Fetus
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What pregnancy category is acetamenophen?
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B
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What pregnancy category are nsaids and up to what week do they keep that rating?
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B, up to 34 weeks
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What pregnancy category is aspirin?
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D
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What pregnancy category is penecillin?
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B
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What pregnancy category are increased doses of vitamin A?
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X
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Inform Preparation
Husband coached =? |
Bradley
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Inform Preparation
Psychosexual sensory memory=? |
Kitzinger
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Inform Preparation
Psychoprphylactic gate control = ? |
Lamaze
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Return Visits Assess
Up to what week will the mother see the doctor 4 times a week? |
Week 28
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Return Visits Assess
After seeing the doctor 4 times a week up to the 28th week, up to what week will the mother see the doctor 2 times a week? |
Week 36
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Return Visits Assess
After what week does a mother see the doctor weekly? |
After week 36
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Return Visits Assess
At what weeks well "kick counts" be monitored? |
Weeks 27-30
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Return Visits Assess
At what weeks will the triple screen be offered? |
16-18 weeks
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Return Visits Assess
MSAlphaFetoProtein, estriol, hCG, and ultrasound? |
The triple screen
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Chadwicks is?
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blue
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Goodell's is softening of the?
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mucus plug
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Uterus hypertropy 50>1190g?
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Braxton-Hicks contractions
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What is ideal weight gain?
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25-35 pounds
5 pounds for the first trimester and then 1 pound a week after. |
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How many calories are we going to add a day to a mothers diet?
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300 calories a day of nutrient dense foods.
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What supplements does a vegetarian mother need?
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Vitamin B12
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