Antecedent Assessment & Intervention Exam 1

Front 1

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Back 1

Signals behavior, causes behavior to occur when reward is available and tells us how to react.

Front 2

Establishing Operation (EO)

Back 2

Momentary events that change how effective something is as a reinforcer and makes us want something more than normal.

Front 3

Disestablishing Operations (DO)

Back 3

Reduces the effectiveness of consequences that used to function as a reinforcer and the frequency of behaviors that have been reinforced; momentary; satiation

Front 4

Motivating Events (MO)

Back 4

Determines whether consequences function effectively as reinforcers; types: EOs, DOs, and SEs

Front 5

Setting Events

Back 5

Everything in a person's past that effects what happens at any given moment; determines how EOs work on each person
Ex: fear of elevators because I was stuck on one as a little kid

Front 6

Otitis Media (causes )

Back 6

Middle ear infection-poor drainage of fluid causing infection/inflammation

Front 7

Otitis Media (Treatment)

Back 7

Most times it goes away on its own, avoid causes (smoke, allergens, etc.), treat pain and fever issues, typically avoid antibiotic treatment in adults to prevent resistance, FBA/BIP

Front 8

Dysmenorrhea (Definition)

Back 8

Pain during menstration

Front 9

Dysmenorrhea and PMS (Treatment)

Back 9

RX (NSAIDS), BIP

Front 10

PMS (Definition)

Back 10

Mood swings, sleep disorders, change in appetite, all prior to menstration

Front 11

Allergies (Types)

Back 11

Ingested, inhaled, physical contact; nasal is most common

Front 12

Allergies (Treatment)

Back 12

Allergen avoidance/clean up, RX, FBA

Front 13

Gastrointestinal Disorders (Types)

Back 13

GERD, Reflux, Constipation

Front 14

Gastrointestinal Disorders (Treatment)

Back 14

Diet, medical exams, RX, FBA

Front 15

Sleep Disorders (Types)

Back 15

Apnea, awakenings, difficulty falling asleep

Front 16

Sleep Disorders (Treatments)

Back 16

Sleep hygiene, RX, both, FBA

Front 17

S-Delta

Back 17

Stimulus you aren't being reinforced for (the incorrect answer)

Front 18

Contingency Based Behavior

Back 18

Behavior done because we came into contact with the consequences in the past; by observation or imitation
Ex: Burnt hand on stove, won't touch stove anymore

Front 19

Rule Governed Behavior

Back 19

We do a behavior because we're told to; language based
Ex: We put dirty clothes in the laundry basket because mom told us to.

Front 20

Whole-Interval Observation Recording

Back 20

Kid needs to do a behavior for the entire interval of time.
Issues: Tends to under report instances of undesired behavior being produced

Front 21

Response Generalization

Back 21

Doing NEW BEHAVIORS under similar conditions
Ex: Light a room: Light switch, flash light, cell phone, light a candle, clap, etc.

Front 22

Stimulus Generalization

Back 22

Doing the SAME BEHAVIOR in the presence of different SDs
Ex: Learn to raise hand in 1 class, raises hand in all classes (SD-->new class; R-->Always raise hand)

Front 23

Partial-Interval Observation Recording

Back 23

Kid does behavior at ANYTIME during the interval
Issues: Tends to over report instances of negative behavior

Front 24

Evoking

Back 24

Sets up behaviors; behaviors have been previously reinforced by those consequences

Front 25

Establishing

Back 25

Effective consequences that have worked as reinforcers in the past

Front 26

Testing Hypotheses

Back 26

They should be correlational; test experimentally: Reversal or multielement design, test for antecedents and consequences (based on research design, to find cause of beh.), and consider: necessity, risk of injury, reversible

Front 27

Causal Events and Types

Back 27

Events that cause a behavior
Types: Activities (unpleasant, unpreferred, difficult), Other people, Environmental Features (crowd, temperature, noise level, clutter, lighting), and Physiological Stress (sick, hungry, tired, etc.)

Front 28

Strategies to Identify Antecedents

Back 28

Record review, Interview (subjective, don't use alone), and direct observation (anecdotal records, ABC analysis, checklists, scatter plots)

Front 29

Issues Identifying Antecedents

Back 29

Look for patterns including: Reoccuring EOs and/or SDs, Specificity in info ("when adding 2 digit numbers with regrouping" not "during math time"), and Identify EOs and SDs for appropriate behavior and consequences

Front 30

Hypothesis Statement Development

Back 30

Research question that states antecedent evens (EOs if relevant, SDs), problem behavior and function (consequences and reasons for behavior)

Front 31

Guidelines for Developing a Hypothesis Statement

Back 31

Focus only on data at hand, focus only on the environmental things that can be changed, and make sure it's reasonable (something teachers can and will actually do)

Front 32

Linking Assessment Info to Treatment

Back 32

Remove or modify environmental events that cause problem behavior, add environmental to cause desired behavior

Front 33

Types of Health Issues

Back 33

Sleep disorders, Gastrointestinal disorders, Allergies, Dysmenorrhea/PMS, Otitis Media

Front 34

Relation Between IQ and Health Risks

Back 34

The lower an IQ, the higher the likelihood of health risks, difficulty or inability to communicate what the problem is, and to what extent

Front 35

Changing Behavior When EO is the Cause

Back 35

Deprivation or satiation of reinforcer by: Schedule of reinforcement or biological events

Front 36

Changing Behavior When SD is the Cause

Back 36

Eliminate; teach to discriminate this for appropriate behavior; use prompting then fade; use permanent, extra cues (we do this all the time, ex: planner to remember what's due)

Front 37

Changing EOs When Causing Undesired Behavior

Back 37

Use schedules of reinforcement; teach skills that eliminate it (tired? teach good sleeping habits); give choices: slowly fade higher preferred choice and end with only less (r non) preferred choice

Front 38

Purpose of Antecedent Interventions

Back 38

Change antecedent (SD) or fade SD

Front 39

Relation Between Physiological Problems and SR-

Back 39

Stimulus becomes even more aversive (more negatively reinforcing), Serve as EOs, Biological variables serve in changing how behaviors are negatively reinforced

Front 40

SDs vs. EOs

Back 40

Antecedents to a behavior; SDs tell us what to do or not to do because we know what the consequences might be; EOs make the consequences more reinforcing

Front 41

Frequency/Rate Observation

Back 41

How often or how many times

Front 42

Interval Observations

Back 42

Time based; Whole and Partial

Front 43

Time Sampling

Back 43

Set a designated amount of time to observe and record when a behavior occurs

Front 44

Duration

Back 44

How long a behavior lasts

Front 45

Latency

Back 45

How long it takes from stimulus to response (how long it took from when you said "do this" to when they actually "do this"

Front 46

Percentage

Back 46

The percent of time the behavior is being produced

Front 47

Momentary time sampling

Back 47

Checking a brief moment in time to see if a behavior is being done RIGHT NOW.

Front 48

Research Designs

Back 48

Reversal, multiple baseline, changing criterion, alternating treatments

Front 49

Reversal Design

Back 49

Baseline, Treatment, Withdrawal (back to baseline), Treatment (same as before)

Front 50

Multiple Baseline Design

Back 50

Baseline gets longer for each participant, and intervention begins for participant 2 when improvement starts with participant 1

Front 51

Changing Criterion

Back 51

As intervention is being done, the criteria gets more and more difficult; ex: Week 1 get 10 correct, Week 2 get 15 correct, Week 3 get 20 correct, etc.

Front 52

Alternating Treatments Design

Back 52

2 or more conditions are being presented in rapid, alternating succession, independent of level of responding

Front 53

Primary Reinforcers

Back 53

Things we need: food, water, shelter, air, sex

Front 54

Secondary Reinforcers

Back 54

Things we learn to want/like to do

Front 55

Generalized Conditions

Back 55

Things that represent primary and secondary reinforcers; ex: Money, tokens

Front 56

Fixed-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

Back 56

Response reinforced after a specific number of responses

Front 57

Variable-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

Back 57

Responses reinforced after a variable number of responses (an average)

Front 58

Fixed-Interval Schedule of Reinforcement

Back 58

Response is reinforced after a specific amount of time (ex: paycheck)

Front 59

Variable-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

Back 59

Response is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time (an average)