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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cerebral Anoxia |
When the brain is completely deprived of Oxygen |
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Cerebral Hypoxia |
Reduced supply of oxygen to the brain |
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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) |
Entire brain deprived of an adequate oxygen supply, but the deprivation is not total |
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Mild/moderate diffuse cerebral hypoxia causes |
Asthma Anemia Status Epilepticus Deep water dive ascent High altitude without supplemental oxygen May cause mild to moderate brain impairment |
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Severe cerebral hypoxia and anoxia causes |
Cardiac arrest Birth asphyxia Most commonly seen Hypoxic ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) |
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Other causes for severe cerebral hypoxia |
Choking Drowning Strangulation Smoke inhalation Drug overdoses Crushing of trachea Status asthmaticus Shock Stroke |
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Without oxygen, brain cells with start it die within |
5 minutes |
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Apoptosis |
Highly regulated and controlled process of programmed cell death Normal process- lose billions of cells each day With Hypoxia/anoxia, too many cells break down at once with cascading effects Release of excitatory neurotransmitters, which leads to cellular edema and cell damage/ death |
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Vulnerable structures with anoxic brain injuries |
Hippocampus Parieto-occipital-temporal cortex Amygdala, caudate nucleus, thalamic nuclei |
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Resistant structure with Anoxic brain injury |
Brain stem Hypothalamus Basal forebrain |
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Progressive Hypoxia and EEG |
Background slowing Increased theta/delta Burst suppression ECI Depends on length and severity of hypoxia |
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EEG following severe anoxic/hypoxic event |
Diffuse slowing (continuous or intermittent bursts) Diphasic or triphasic waves (sporadic or quasiperiodic) Generalized periodic sharp waves (with or without Myoclonic jerks) Periodic spike or spike/wave discharges (with or without myoclonic jerks) BIPDs Burst suppression (with or without Myoclonic jerks) Monorhythmic patterns: alpha***, theta coma, low voltage delta (without reactivity or variability) ECI |
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Which coma is most common with severe anoxic/hypoxic events |
Alpha coma, poor prognosis |
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Potential for improvement |
Spontaneous cyclic variability Varying sleep pattern Reactivity to external stimuli Return of normal rhythms |
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Poor prognosis |
No spontaneous variability No reactivity Burst suppression Periodic discharges with myoclonus Alpha coma or other monorhythmic pattern Progression to ECI |
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Anoxia-in coma with Myoclonic jerks |
