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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hormones of Male Reproduction Where are they being made? What’s their target cell? What is the end result? |
Embryo is performed and grows/enlarges during development
Theory accepted until 19th century |
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What is epigenesis? |
-man arises from The successor of differentiation of a formless and being -embryo is organized from the mother’s menstrual blood after being acted on by semen |
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What do the Wolffian (mesonephric) ducts develop into? |
Epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, urethra |
E, DD, SV, U |
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What do Müllerian ducts develop into? |
Oviduct, uterus, cranial (upper) vagina |
O, U, CV |
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What gene drives the gonads to become testes? What chromosome is it located on? |
The Sex-determining Region of the Y chromosome |
SRY |
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Does a female have the SRY gene? |
No |
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If there is Sertoli cells or MIS? |
Müllerian ducts develop |
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If there is no Leydig cells or testosterone? |
Wolffian ducts regress |
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What is freemartin? |
Abnormal embryogenesis of the female reproductive tract |
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How does freemartin happen? |
Heifer born twin to bull -> share a common blood supply from the placenta in utero -> exposed to same hormones -> inhibited growth of Müllerian ducts -> ovaries fail to grow and produce estrogen -> genetic female behaves as bull |
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What are the major functions of the ovaries? |
Oogenesis, folliculogenesis, estrogen and progesterone production |
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What are the major functions of the oviduct? |
Site of fertilization Transport of oocyte and sperm |
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What are the major functions of the uterus? |
Fetal development, control of cyclicity and luteolysis, sperm transport |
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Why are the major functions of the cervix? |
Protects sterile uterine environment, passageway for sperm and fetus |
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What are the major functions of the vagina? |
Female organ of copulation |
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What are the major functions of the vulva? |
External genitalia Protection for vagina from outside environment |
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Hormones of Female Reproduction
where are they being produced? what are their target cells? what is the elicited response? |
ovaries; granulosa cells; induces growth of follicles in ovary by binding FSH-receptors on granulosa cells |
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oogenesis when is meiosis arrested? when does it resume? are females born with all potential gametes? |
stops at prophase I; puberty; yes |
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Granulosa cells |
line the antrum of pre-ovulatory follicle, have FSH receptors with primary action of follicular development and estrogen synthesis |
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theca cells |
have LH receptors -> stimulation of ovulation, formation of CL, progesterone secretion (CL) |
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corpus luteum |
large “yellow bodies” that produce progesterone, formed from granulosa and thecal cells after ovulation |
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corpus albicans |
white, scar-like structure that represents degenerating CL, increasing connective tissue, decreasing secretory tissue |
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What follicle is ovulated? |
Pre-ovulatory/dominant follicle |
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Key differences between female avian reproductive tract and mammals tract |
Offspring development doesn’t occur in the body; only left ovary is functional; don’t form CL; have infundibulum, stigma, magnum, and isthmus, uterus also known as shell gland; no cervix; has cloaca |
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Avian ovary |
Contains yolk, has stigma (where ovulation occurs) |
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Avian infundibulum |
Fertilization of ovum, fertilized or not process of egg formation continues |
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Avian magnum |
Ovum moves here after fertilization, spends 2-3 hours in magnum, thick albumen (egg white) deposited around yolk |
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Avian isthmus |
Two thin shell membranes deposited around albumen (after magnum), spends 1.5 hours here, ovum takes up water and mineral salts |
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Avian shell gland/uterus |
Spends 18-20 hours here, more albumen added, plumping (water and minerals diffuse in), calcification of shell, pigment added |
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Avian vagina |
Cuticle added, seals pores present in shell |
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Avian vent/cloaca |
Common orifice for copulation, defecation, and egg expulsion |
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Front (Term) |
A: uterine body B: oviduct C: cervix D: uterine horns E: ovary F: vagina G: vulva |
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Front (Term) |
A: testes B: epididymis C: scrotum D: ductus deferens E: accessory sex glands F: penis |
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Testes |
Testosterone production (leydig cells), spermatogenesis |
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Epididymis |
Concentration, storage, maturation, and transport of sperm |
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Scrotum |
Support of testes and temperature regulation |
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Ductus deferens |
Sperm transport |
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Accessory sex glands |
Addition of fluid, nutrients, buffers to semen |
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Penis |
Male copulatory organ |
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What is the passageway of sperm from seminiferous tubules to the epididymis |
Ductus deferens |
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The where, what, when, why, and how of spermatogenesis |
Where: seminiferous tubules What: mitosis and meiosis of male gametes When: during the breeding season or constitutively Why: to produce continuous supply of mature male gametes How: Sertoli cells, leydig cells, blood-testis barrier |
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hormones of male reproduction: where are they being produced? what are their target cells? what is the elicited response? |
testes; leydig cells; make testosterone in response to LH secretion which causes spermatogenesis |
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what is the general structure of the spermatozoon? |
head (nucleus), midpiece (mitochondria), tail (flagellum) |
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tissues of the penis: vascular vs. fibroelastic |
vascular: enlarges by retaining blood in the erectile tissue (stallions, humans, dogs) fibroelastic: increases in length but not diameter, very small amount of blood for erection, straightening of sigmoid flexure by relaxation of retractor penis muscle (bull, ram, boar) |
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cryptorchidism |
when the testes fail to descend unilateral: one fails |
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