Anatomy Vocab

Front 1

process that requires an expenditure of energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually moved against the concentration gradient

Back 1

Active Transport

Front 2

a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites.

Back 2

Cancer

Front 3

a molecule that plays a role in transporting electrons through the electron transport chain.

Back 3

Carrier Molecule

Front 4

the cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Back 4

Cell Cycle

Front 5

the selectively permeable outer boundary of a cell consisting of phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins; plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane

Back 5

cell membrane

Front 6

cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles

Back 6

centrosome

Front 7

DNA and complexed protein that condenses to form chromosomes during mitosis

Back 7

Chromatin

Front 8

microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells

Back 8

cilia

Front 9

the contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus and cell membrane

Back 9

cytoplasm

Front 10

cell specialization

Back 10

differentiation

Front 11

random movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration toward one of lower concentration

Back 11

Diffusion

Front 12

process by which a cell membrane envelops a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesicle

Back 12

Endocytosis

Front 13

transport of substances out of a cell in vesicles

Back 13

exocytosis

Front 14

diffusion in which carrier molecules transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Back 14

facilitated diffusion

Front 15

movement of material through a membrane as a result of hydro static pressure

Back 15

filtration

Front 16

moves liquid past the surface of the cell

Back 16

flagella

Front 17

an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion

Back 17

golgi appartus

Front 18

a solution with a great osmotic pressure than the solution with which it is compared

Back 18

hypertonic solution

Front 19

a solution with a lower osmotic pressure than the solution (usually body fluids) to which it is compared

Back 19

hypotonic solution

Front 20

a solution with the same osmotic pressure as the solution (usually body fluids) with which it is compared

Back 20

Isotonic solution

Front 21

organelle that contains digestive enzymes

Back 21

lysosomes

Front 22

a special type of cell division necessary for sexual reproduction

Back 22

meiosis

Front 23

a tiny rod of actin protein in cytoplasm that provides structural support of movement

Back 23

microfilaments

Front 24

hollow rod of protein tubulin

Back 24

microtubules

Front 25

organelle housing enzymes that catalyze reactions of aerobic respiration

Back 25

mitochondria

Front 26

division of a somatic cell to form two genetically identical cells

Back 26

mitosis

Front 27

the double membrane surrounding the nucleus within a cell

Back 27

Nuclear Membrane

Front 28

small structure within the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins

Back 28

Nucleolus

Front 29

a cellular organelle enclosed by a double-layered, porous membrane and containing DNA, the dense core of an atom composed of protons and neutrons.

Back 29

Nucleus

Front 30

a part of a cell that performs a specialized function

Back 30

Organelles

Front 31

diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient

Back 31

osmosis

Front 32

the amount of pressure needed to stop osmosis; potential pressure caused by nondiffusible solute particles in the solution

Back 32

Osmotic Pressure

Front 33

when no facilitating factor is involved in the net movement of molecules in the direction of lower to higher concentration

Back 33

passive diffusion

Front 34

ingestion of smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell's membrane and the protrusions of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole.

Back 34

phagocytosis

Front 35

process by which a cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings

Back 35

pinocytosis

Front 36

organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for protein synthesis

Back 36

ribosomes

Front 37

a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a rough surface, involved with the transport of materials

Back 37

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 38

a membrane that allows some molecules through nut not other; semipermeable

Back 38

selectively permeable membrane

Front 39

a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell occurring with a smooth surface, involved with the transport of materials

Back 39

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 40

membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by in folding of the cell membrane

Back 40

vesicles