Anatomy & Physiology Practical 2

Front 1

Identify four major shape classifications of bones and tell examples of each

Back 1

long bone- femur

short bone-tarsal

flat bone-skull

irregular bone-vertebrae

Front 2

Bone marking - epiphysis

Back 2

end of the long bone, composed of a thin layer of compact bone

Front 3

bone marking- biaphysis

Back 3

the shaft of the bone. the smooth surface is composed of compact bone.

Front 4

bone marking - articular cartilage

Back 4

covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum.

Front 5

Bone marking - epiphyseal line

Back 5

what takes the place of the of the epiphyseal plate when the long bone is done growing.

Front 6

bone marking - spongy bone

Back 6

composed of small trabeculae of bone and lots of space

Front 7

bone marking - compact bone

Back 7

dense and looks like smooth and homogenous

Front 8

bone marking - medullary cavity

Back 8

the central cavity of the shaft storage region for adipose tissue and yellow bone marrow

Front 9

bone marking - endosteum

Back 9

lining of the medullary cavity

Front 10

bone marking - peristeum

Back 10

fibrous membrane that covers the bone surface

Front 11

bone marking - yellow bone marrow

Back 11

the adipose tissue stored in bone

Front 12

bone marking - red bone marrow

Back 12

forms blood cells

Front 13

what parts on are a long bone?

Back 13

epiphysis 1, epiphysis 2, diaphysis, articular cartilage, epiphyseal line, spongy bone, compact bone, medullary cavity, endosteum, peristeum, yellow bone marrow, red bone marrow.

Front 14

identify the major structures of an osteon in compact bone?

Back 14

nerve, vein, centrsl canal, lacunue, osteocyte in alacuna, canaliculus, artery.

Front 15

identify the structure of spongy (cancellous) bone?

Back 15

spongy bone, articular cartilage, compact bone.

Front 16

name the 4 sinuses of the skull, identify the bones that house them and list their functions?

Back 16

Frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus, and maxillary sinus. the sinus lighten facial bones and act as a response chamber for speech.

Front 17

describe the importance of the intervertebral discs and the normal spinal curvatures.

Back 17

the intervertebral discs absorb shock while providing spine flexibility.

Front 18

distinguish between the true, false, and floating ribs.

Back 18

true ribs- the first 7 paris, attach directly to the sternum by their own coastal cartilages.

false ribs- next 5 sets of ribs, of the 5 pairs 8-10 ribs have indirect carriage attachments to the sternum.

floating ribs - last 2 pairs, have no sternal attachments.

Front 19

what parts are on a vertebra?

Back 19

body, vertebral foramen, transverse processes, spinous process, superior articular processes, and inferior articular process.

Front 20

What parts belong to pectoral girdle (the bone that looks like a wing)?

Back 20

scapula (right and left), scapular notch, acromion process, glenoid cavity, clavicle.

Front 21

what parts belong to the arm?

Back 21

humerus- head, olecranon fossa, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle. radius- styloid process, radial tuberosity. ulna- olecranon process, trochlear notch. carpals- trapezium, scaphoid, lunate, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, pisiform, triquetrum. Metacarpals #1-5. phalanges (finger bones).

Front 22

what parts belong to the pelvic girdle?

Back 22

coxal bone-obturator foramen, acetabulum. llium-lliac crest. ischium- ischial tuberosity. pubis- pubic symphysis, pubic arch.

Front 23

what parts belong to the leg?

Back 23

femur- head, greater trochanter, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle. tibia- medial condyle, lateral condyle, medial malleolus. fibula- head, lateral malleolus. tarsals - talus, calcaneous, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform. metatarsals, phalanges, patella.

Front 24

describe the structural differences between a male and a female pelvis by describing the pelvic brim and pubic arch of each gender?

Back 24

female pelvis is wider, shallower, lighter, and rounder than that of a male so that the woman can go through child birth.

Front 25

what is the structure and mobility of the joint synodal joint?

Back 25

freely moveable joint. some can only move on one place and others can move in several directions. articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synodal fluid.

Front 26

what is the structure and mobility of the joint fibrous ?

Back 26

joined by fibrous tissue. slightly moveable but most are synarthrotic and permit virtually no movement.

Front 27

what is the structure and mobility of the joint cartilagenous?

Back 27

articulating bone ends are connected by cartilage slightly moveable.

Front 28

articulation?

Back 28

hold bones together and allow the rigid skeleton some flexibility.

Front 29

origin?

Back 29

stationary, immoveable, or less moveable attachment

Front 30

insertion?

Back 30

moveable attachment

Front 31

what parts belong to the synodal joint?

Back 31

fibrous layer, articular cartilage, bone peritoneum, tendon, synovial membrane, and cavity with synodal fluid.

Front 32

explain the movement of circumduction?

Back 32

combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Front 33

explain the movement of flexion?

Back 33

decreases the angle of the joint and reduces the distance between the 2 bones.

Front 34

explain the movement of extension?

Back 34

increase the angle of a joint and the distance between 2 bones

Front 35

explain the movement of abduction?

Back 35

movement of a limb toward the midline of the body.

Front 36

explain the movement of rotation?

Back 36

movement of the bone around its longitudinal axis.

Front 37

explain the movement of pronation?

Back 37

movement of the palm of the hand from an anterior or upward facing position to a posterior or downward facing position.

Front 38

explain the movement of supination?

Back 38

movnment of the palm from a posterior position to an anterior position.

Front 39

explain the movement of inversion?

Back 39

medial turning of the sole of the foot.

Front 40

explain the movement of the eversion?

Back 40

results in the lateral turning of the sole of the foot.

Front 41

explain the movement of dorsiflexion?

Back 41

ankle joint in a dorsal direction

Front 42

explain the movement of plantar flexion?

Back 42

ankle joint in which the foot is flexed downward.