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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define vertebrates |
Bird, fish and humans, which are characterized by a segmented vertebral column |
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Define anatomy literally and with definition |
In the Greek means "a cutting open"
The study of internal and external STRUCTURES of the body and physical relationships among body parts |
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Define physiology |
The study of how living organisms perform their vital FUNCTIONS. |
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All specific functions are performed by ________ ________ |
Specific structures |
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The basic approach will be to start with the _________ _________ |
Descriptive anatomy (appearance, size, shape, location, weight, and color) |
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Based on the degree of structural detail under consideration, anatomy can be divided into _______ (_______) anatomy and _______ anatomy |
Gross (macroscopic) anatomy and microscopic anatomy |
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Define Gross (macroscopic) anatomy |
Involves the examination of larger structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye. |
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Define surface anatomy |
The study of general form and superficial markings |
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Define Regional anatomy |
Focuses on the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, like the head, neck or trunk |
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Define systemic anatomy |
The study of the structure of organ systems, such as skeletal, muscular and cardiovascular systems |
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Define developmental anatomy |
Describes the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity. |
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What period do the most extensive structural changes occur in developmental anatomy |
First 2 months of development |
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Define embryology |
The study of early developmental processes |
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Define microscopic anatomy |
Study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification |
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What are the major subdivisions in microbiology |
Cytology & Histology |
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Define cytology |
The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells, the simplest units of life |
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Define histology |
The examination of tissues |
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What are organs |
A group of tissues |
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Define cell physiology |
The study of the function of the cell: the cornerstone of human physiology |
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Define special physiology |
The study of the physiology of specific organs |
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Define cardiac physiology |
The study of the heart function |
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Define systemic physiology |
Includes all aspects of the functioning of specific organ systems such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and reproductive |
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Define pathological physiology |
The study of the effects of diseases on organ or organ systems. "pathos" is Greek for disease |
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How many organ systems are in the human body and what are they |
11
Muscular- my skeletal- sister Respiratory- rachel Integumentery- is endocrine- extremely nervous- nervous cardiovascular- cuz urinary- uncle digestive- donny lymphatic- lied reprodictive- recently |
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Define autoregulation |
Occurs when a cell, tissue, organ or organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to some environmental change. Eg. Oxygen levels drop in a tissue and cells release chemicals that dilate vessels, allowing more blood flow and increasing oxygen levels |
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Define extrinsic regulation |
Results of activities of the nervous system and endocrine system Eg. When you exercise, your nervous system tells heart rate to increase |
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Define hormones |
Chemical messengers |
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What are the 3 parts of a homeostatic regulatory mechanism |
Receptor Control center Effector |
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Give an example of negative feedback in homeostasis |
Thermoregulation |
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Where is the control center for body control |
Hypothalamus, a region of the brain |
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Give an example of positive feedback in homeostasis |
Bleeding and chemicals being released to accelerate clotting until its complete |
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Where is anterior |
The front; before |
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Where is ventral |
The belly side (anterior when referring to humans) |
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Where is posterior |
The back; behind |
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Where is cranial or cephalic |
The head |
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Where is superior |
Above, at a higher level |
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Where is caudal |
The tail (coccyx in humans) |
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Where is inferior |
Below, at lower level |
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Where is medial |
Towards body's longitudinal axis |
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Where is lateral |
Away from body's longitudinal axis |
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Where is proximal |
Towards attached base |
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Where is distal |
Away from attached base |
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Where is superficial |
Closer to body's surface |
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Where is "deep" |
Away from body's surface |
