Anatomy Nbde

Front 1

carotid triangle

Back 1

borders- SCM, post. digastric, superior belly of oomohyoid.
contains: carotid arteries, int. jugular vein, vagus

Front 2

submandibular triangle

Back 2

both heads of digastric, inf. border of mandible
contains salivary glands

Front 3

submental

Back 3

digastric muscle, hyoid bone
contains muscles of floor of mouth, salivary glands, ducts.

Front 4

muscular triangle

Back 4

SCM, sup. belly of oomohyoid, and midline of neck

Front 5

occipital triangle

Back 5

SCM, trap, omohyoid contains cervical plexus and accessory nerve

Front 6

omoclavicular (supraclavicular)

Back 6

SCM and omohyoid muscles
contains brachial plexus and subclavian art.

Front 7

diaphragm openings:
aortic
esophageal
caval

Back 7

1. aorta, thoracic duct, and azygos vein
2. esophagus, R and L vagus
3. IVC and R phrenic nerve.

Front 8

von ebner's gland

Back 8

assoc. with circumvallate pappilla of tongue, purely serous to rinse away food. contains taste buds along with fungiform and foliate

Front 9

tongue innervation

Back 9

post 1/3 - glossopharyngeal both taste and sensation
ant. 2/3 taste- chorda tympani via facial
ant 2/3 sensation lingual nerve.

Front 10

tongue muscles

Back 10

hypoglossal nerve all intrinsic and extrinsic excpet palatoglossus CN X vagus

Front 11

joint types
synarthroses
diarthroses
amphiarthroses

Back 11

syn-immovable
dia-freely movable
amphi-slightly movable

Front 12

atlanto-occipital

Back 12

YES movement

Front 13

atlanto-axial

Back 13

NO movement

Front 14

1. articular surfaces of most joints
2. articular surface of TMJ
3.non articulating surface of TMJ/joints

Back 14

1.hyaline cartilage
2.fibrocartilage
3. periosteum

Front 15

TMJ ligaments
1. stylomandibular ligament
2. sphenomandibular lig
3.lateral or temperomandibular lig.

Back 15

1. styloid of temp. bone to angle of mandible
2. spine of sphenoid bone to lingula of mandible
3. from art. eminence to neck of condyle - prevents post, and inf. displacement of condyle

Front 16

normal range of opening and lateral movement

Back 16

50 mm and 10 mm resp.

Front 17

endochondral ossification

Back 17

formation that involves a cartilaginous model (hyaline) first. Long and short bones. occurs along diaphysis wall and within epiphysis.

Front 18

intramembranous ossification

Back 18

grows by appositional growth - maxilla an dmandible, flat bones of skull

Front 19

diaphysis

Back 19

bone shaft, consists of durable comact bone with a medullary cavity with marrow. contains haversian systems (osteons)

Front 20

epiphysis

Back 20

caps diaphysis - spongy bone surrounding compact bone.

Front 21

tensile and compressive strength f bones

Back 21

tensile - collagenous fibers
compressive- inorganic salts Ca2+ and Ph.

Front 22

GAGs glycosaminoglycans

Back 22

hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate

Front 23

nasal cavity blood supply

Back 23

sphenopalatine branch of max. art. mainly, also ant. ethmoid branch of ophthalmic

Front 24

middle meatus drains

Back 24

frontal sinus, ant. and middle ethmoid, maxillary sinus- ostium?

Front 25

inferior meatus drains

Back 25

nasalacrimal duct

Front 26

pterygopalatine ganglion

Back 26

receives preganglionic parsym from facial via. greater petrosal nerve. sends post. parsymp to lacrimal gland and glands in nasal and palate.

Front 27

neural crest cell derivatives

Back 27

dorsal root ganglia, ganglia of the ANS, scwann (neurolemma) cells, meninges that line brain and spinal cord (ependymal cells), melanocytes, chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

Front 28

cartilage contains

Back 28

cells (chondroblasts and cytes), fibrous matrix, ground substance (sulfated proteoglycans (basophilc) and GAGs (absorb water to cushion) AVASCULAR

Front 29

tendon vs. ligament

Back 29

tendon- muscle to bone
ligament - bone to bone - support and strengthen joints, heal slowly

Front 30

basement membrane

Back 30

Anchors epithelial to underlying CT. made of basal lamina (type 4 and secreted by epi cells) and reticular lamina (type 3 by fibroblasts)

Front 31

skin layers

Back 31

BSGLC - Bare skin grows like corn

Front 32

gingival fibers

Back 32

Found in free gingiva, continuous with circumferential fibers, transseptal, dentogingival, dentoperiosteal, alveolargingival

Front 33

principal PDl fibers

Back 33

connect root cementum to alveolar bone.
alveolar crest fibers, apical, horizontal, oblique, interradicular

Front 34

rete pegs

Back 34

epithelial projections extending into gingival CT SEEN IN FREE GINGIVA

Front 35

histologically, root dentin is distinguished from crown dentin by

Back 35

tomes granular layer - organic matrix formed by odontoblasts found in radicular dentin

Front 36

pulp cell contents

Back 36

fibroblasts, odontoblasts, histiocytes (macrophages), lymphocytes.

plasma cells, PMNs, monocytes or eosinophils indicate diseased pulp.

Front 37

types of dentin
circumpulpal
mantle
intratubular
intertubular
interglobular

Back 37

mantle- first layer formed
circumpupal - remaining dentin
intratubular- w/in dentinal tubule, most highly mineralized portion of dentin
intertubular- surrounds peritubular dentin less mineralized.
interglobular- imperfectly calcifed

Front 38

ductus deferens is lined with

Back 38

stereocilia and pseudostratified columnar epi

Front 39

spermatic cord contents

Back 39

Ductus deferens
testicular artery
testicular vein
nerves and lymph

Front 40

stomach mucosa

parietal cells
chief(zymogenic)
enteroendocrine

Back 40

P-HCl
C-Pepsin
E-Gastrin and serotonin

Front 41

retroperitoneal structures
SAD PUCKER

Back 41

Suprarenal glands
Aorta/IVC
Duodenum
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon
Kidneys
esophagus
Rectum

Front 42

where is B12 absorbed mainly

Back 42

ileum

Front 43

peyer's patches

Back 43

lymph nodes in Small int. that intercept and destroy bacteria

Front 44

Plicase circulares (valves of kerckring0

Back 44

in jejunum- increase SA

Front 45

pouches in large intestine

Back 45

made from tenia coli, 3 longitudinal muscles (smooth) that are shorter than LI, thus create pouches

Front 46

diff types of macrophages

Back 46

histiocytes/langerhan's cells (skin/CT0
kupffer cells (liver sinusoids)
alveolar macrophages (lungs)

Front 47

The cerebellar cortex is characterized
histologically by which of the following types
of cells?

Back 47

purkinje

Front 48

If the spinal tract of the fifth cranial nerve were
sectioned at the level of the caudal medulla,
which of the following modalities would be
most affected?

Back 48

pain from ipsilateral face

Front 49

The junction between primary and secondary
dentin is characterized by a

Back 49

sharp change in direction of dentinal
tubules.

Front 50

The postganglionic sympathetic fibers to the
vessels of the submandibular salivary gland
arise from cells in the

Back 50

superior cervical ganglion

Front 51

The number of roots that are formed is
determined by the

Back 51

number of medial ingrowths of the
cervical loop.

Front 52

In a routine demineralized histologic section
of an adult tooth, the area representing enamel
is generally optically clear because

Back 52

enamel is very poor in organic matrix.

Front 53

The posterior cervical triangle is bounded partly by

Back 53

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
muscles.

Front 54

The middle constrictor muscle of the pharynx
originates from the

Back 54

hyoid bone

Front 55

The lateral boundary of the retropharyngeal
space at the level of the oropharynx is the

Back 55

carotid sheath

Front 56

In the fetus, blood enters>the common carotid
arteries by means of the

Back 56

aorta

Front 57

Which of the lymphoid tissues in the body are
considered subepithelial and nonencapsulated?

Back 57

Peyer's patches and pharyngeal tonsils

Front 58

Second, third and fourth right posterior
intercostal veins drain from the right superior
intercostal vein into the

Back 58

azygos vein.

Front 59

At a muscle-tendon jundion, the union is
made by

Back 59

a continuity of connedive tissue sheaths
of the muscle with those of the tendon.

Front 60

In the sulcular epithelium, small spaces
between cells in the stratum spinosum (prickle
cell layer) are normally filled by

Back 60

small amount of tissue fluid

Front 61

Cells of the stratum granulosum of thick
stratified squamous epithelium
characteristically contain

Back 61

keratohyalin granules,

Front 62

Lateral clefting of the lip results from the
failure of merging of

Back 62

maxillary and medial nasal processes.

Front 63

Tropocollagen is a protein molecule found in

Back 63

collagen and reticular fibers only.

Front 64

Which of the followingare mobilized when a
cell produces an excessiveamount of protein?

Back 64

lysosomes

Front 65

Most intrinsic muscles of the larynx receive
their motor innervation from

Back 65

he inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerve.

Front 66

During intraoral injection to the mandibular
foramen, the needle passes through the
mucous membrane and the buccinator muscle
and lies

Back 66

lateral to the medial pterygoid muscle

Front 67

Cell bodies of taste fibers from the anterior
two-thirds of the tongue are located in which
of the following ganglia?

Back 67

geniculate

Front 68

The optic tracts consist of axons from which of
the following cells?

Back 68

ganglion

Front 69

The large mass of gray matter that bulges into
the floor and the lateral aspect of the lateral
ventricle is the

Back 69

caudate nucleus

Front 70

The large ascending bundle of fibers in the
medulla that is composed of second order
neuron fibers conveying proprioception and
discriminatory touch sensations to conscious
levels is the"

Back 70

medial lemniscus

Front 71

Which of the following forms of connective
tissues has a preponderance of amorphous
ground substance over fibers?

Back 71

cartilage

Front 72

In salivary glands, folds of the basal portion of
the cell membrane containing mitochondria
are characteristic of the

Back 72

cells of the striated duct

Front 73

The lamina papyracea is located in the orbital

Back 73

medial wall

Front 74

Obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct causes
enlargement of the

Back 74

lateral and 3rd ventricle

Front 75

Which of the following muscles or muscle
fibers are elevators of the mandible?

Back 75

Medial pterygoid muscle'
Anterior fibers of the temporal
muscle
Posterior fibers of the temporal
muscle

Front 76

Which of the following strudures may be
found in the infratemporal fossa?

Back 76

Sphenomandibular ligament
Medial pterygoid muscle
Middle meningeal artery

Front 77

structures related to cavernous sinus

Back 77

passing thru: Int. carotid art and abducens (VI)
in lateral wall: CN III, IV, V1 and V2
communicates with: pterygoid plexus (via facial vein), ophthalmic vein, max?

Front 78

muscles that close palate

Back 78

palatoglossus
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini
palatopharygeus
uvula

Front 79

swallowing center located...

Back 79

nucleus ambiguous in medulla oblongata, sends SVE to swallowing muscles

Front 80

pterygopalatine ganglion

Back 80

greater petrosal nerve

Front 81

parasymp ganglion and effectors

Back 81

a. Ciliary ganglion: Pupil sphincter, ciliary muscle (accommodation reflex).
b. Pterygopalatine ganglion: Lacrimal and nasal glands.
c. Submandibular ganglion: Submandibular and sublingual glands.
d. Otic ganglion: Parotid gland.

Front 82

submandibular ganglion

Back 82

chorda tympani and lingual nerve

Front 83

otic ganglion

Back 83

lesser petrosal n.

Front 84

ciliary ganglion

Back 84

oculomotor?

Front 85

rotator cuff muscles

Back 85

SITS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Front 86

aspiration most likey occurs in?

Back 86

right lobe of lung, straighter, shorter and larger

Front 87

where to best hear valves
1.pulmonary
2.aortic
3.tricuspid
4.mitral

Back 87

1. left sternal border, 2nd intercoastal space
2. right sternal border, 2nd int. space
3. left sternal border, 5th
4.5th int. space, midclavicular line.

Front 88

verticle ridge in right atrium where SA node is located

Back 88

crista terminalis, also in RA - pectinate muscles

Front 89

Muscles in Right ventricle

Back 89

Trabeculae carnae
Chordae tendinae- from valve cusps to papillar muscles, prevent valve from everting into atria

Front 90

all veins drain into coronary sinus except

Back 90

anterior cardiac v.

Front 91

thymus is derived from what embryonic tissue

Back 91

mesenchyme and ectoderm (3rd pharygneal pouch)

Front 92

levels of aorta

Back 92

Arch- ~T3-4
Desc. thoracic-T4-T12
Desc. Abdominal- T12-L4
L4-divides into L and R common iliac

Front 93

left superior intercoastal v. drains into

Back 93

brachiocephalic v.

Front 94

splanchnic nerves

Back 94

1. greater T5-9 synapse at cervicle plexus
2. lesser T10,11 at SM plexus
3. Least T12 at IM plexus

Front 95

falciform ligament

Back 95

connects liver to anterior abdominal wall, contains ligamentum teres (umbilical vein remnent)

Front 96

adrenal cortex and medulla origin

Back 96

cortex - mesoderm
medulla- neuroectoderm, neural crest cells differentiate into medullary cells - chromaffin cells

Front 97

parotid gland

Back 97

facial nerve, retromandibular v. and external carotid art. lie within. drained by deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 98

adenomere

Back 98

functional unit of salivary glands
1. intercalated disc
2. straited ducts- lots of mitochondria
3. glandular cells.

Front 99

thymus

Back 99

superior mediostinum, sinc impt in function, no afferent lymphatics, double embryonic origin, mesenchyme and endoderm

Front 100

lymph nodes

Back 100

only lymphatics with numerous afferent vessels. spleen, thymus, palatine, and pharyngeal tonsils don't

Front 101

optic tract

Back 101

synapse within the lateral geniculate ganglion nuclei of thalamus

Front 102

auriculotemporal nerve

Back 102

sensory to TMJ, receives postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers from otic ganglion to parotid, referred pain there. TMJ also supplied by massteric nerve, and very slightly by deep temporal nerve/

Front 103

1.mesencephalic nucleus of V and 2.spinal nucleus

Back 103

2 nuclei assoc with trigeminal.
1.PDL proprioreception info here, runs with V3 to innervate muscle of mastication
2. mediate pain and temp for head and neck

Front 104

suprahyoid muscles

Back 104

digastric, mylohyoid, stylohyoid, geniohyoid.

Front 105

infrahyoid

Back 105

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid. all inn by ansa cervicalis C1,C2, C3

Front 106

glossopharyngeal muscle inn.

Back 106

stylopharyngeal. landmark for finding nerve.

Front 107

cardiac veins

Back 107

coronary sinus, accompanied by anterior interventricular artery. small and middle are tributaries. anterior vein directly into right atrium

Front 108

mitral valve

Back 108

auscultation best heard over apex of heart, btwn nipples, left 5th intercoastal space.

Front 109

pulmonary valve and AV

Back 109

pulmonary best heard over left 2nd intercoastal space, AV right 2nd intercoastal

Front 110

terminal branches of internal thoracic art.

Back 110

superior epigastric and muscolphrenic(diaphragm and lower intercoastal spaces)

Front 111

lenticulostriate arteries

Back 111

off middle cerebral, arteries of stroke!

Front 112

sphenopalatine artery

Back 112

terminal branch of maxillary art, damage causes epistaxis, principal artery of nasal cavity

Front 113

ciliary movement

Back 113

seen in respiratory airways and inside surfaces of uterine tubes of female reproductive tract. whiplike movement

Front 114

microvillli

Back 114

increase SA, more efficient absorption. mucosa of small intestine, and brush borders of nephrons in the kidney.

Front 115

mast cell

Back 115

IgE attached causes release of histamine, bradykinin, SRS-A, Heparin, lysosomal enzymes.

Front 116

enamel

Back 116

contains - hydroxyapatite, amelogins, ameloblastins, tuftelins, enamelin proteins, osteonectins, hyaluronate.

Front 117

retropharyngeal space

Back 117

anterior border- buccopharyngeal fascia
posterior- alar fascia
superior-skull base
inferior- superior mediostinum
laterally- carotid sheath.

Front 118

incisive canal

Back 118

sphenopalatine art. and nasopalatine nerve.

Front 119

pregnolone

Back 119

involved in all steroid formation, from cholesterol, removal of 6 carbon.

Front 120

insulin influences glucose uptake in what organs

Back 120

muscle and fat, NOT liver

Front 121

tetrahydrofolic acid

Back 121

coenzyme form of folic acid required for nucleic acid synthesis, normal cell division and replication.

Front 122

calmodulin

Back 122

calcium binding protein in smooth muscle, binds myosin, initiates contraction by activating myosin kinase.

Front 123

synthesis of porphyrin

Back 123

succinyl CoA and glycine are condensed in a rate-limiting step in liver

Front 124

aspartic acid and phenylalanine

Back 124

aspartame is a peptide derative of these

Front 125

what participates in both FA synthesis and B-oxidation of FA

Back 125

Acetyl CoA

Front 126

coenzymes involved in metabolism of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

Back 126

thiamin pyrophosphate, lipoic acid, FAD, NAD, coenzyme A

Front 127

collagen types

Back 127

I-high tensile strength, found in skin, tendon, bone, and dentin.
II-fibril forming collagens in cartilaginous structures,
II-distensible, large blood vessels
IV-basement membranes.

Front 128

monoamine oxidase

Back 128

presynaptic nerve terminals, degrades dopamine, norepi, and epi to inactvie substances

Front 129

from bronchioles to alveoli

Back 129

transition from pseudostratified ciliated eip to simple cuboidal epi

Front 130

pulmonary arteries

Back 130

follow branching of bronchi

Front 131

communication between pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavitiy

Back 131

sphenopalatine foramen, sphenopalatine artery and nasopalatine nerve run thru it

Front 132

pterygopalatine fossa

Back 132

communicates with infratemporal fossa laterally (pterygomaxillary fissure), nasal cavity medially (sphenopalatine foramen), skull superiorly (foramen rotundum), orbit anteriorly (inferior orbit fissure)

Front 133

barr body

Back 133

inactivated x chromosome, sex of embryo can be determined around 8 weeks thru this.

Front 134

plasma cell

Back 134

contains extensive golgi apparatus, 5-10 day life, basophil,

Front 135

feulgen reaction

Back 135

distinguish RNA from DNA

Front 136

histo change from esophagus to stomach

Back 136

stratified squamous to simple columnar

Front 137

anterior cranial cavity

Back 137

1. foramen caecum - emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus
2.foramina of cribriform plate - olfactory nerve bundles
3.posterior ethmoidal foramen - posterior ethmoidal artery, vein and nerve

Front 138

middle cranial cavity

Back 138

1.optic canal - optic nerve (II), ophthalmic artery
• 2.superior orbital fissure
3.foramen rotundum - maxillary nerve (V2)
• 4.foramen ovale
5.foramen spinosum
6.foramen lacerum

Front 139

posterior cranial cavity

Back 139

1.internal acoustic meatus
2.jugular foramen
• 3.hypoglossal canal - hypoglossal nerve (XII)
• 4.foramen magnum

Front 140

bullous pemphigoid

Back 140

disorder - junctions that anchor the basal cells of epithelia to underlying basal lamina are targeted = hemidesmosomes

Front 141

plexus of raschkow

Back 141

location of pain receptors - free nerve endings in pulp

Front 142

abductor of vocal cords

Back 142

posterior cricothyroid;; lateral cricothyroid, oblique and transverse arytenoids, and thyroartenoid are all adductors

Front 143

maxillary nerve

Back 143

braches from trigeminal ganglion, exits thru foramen rutondum, travels to pterygopalatine ganglion and terminates as the infraorbital and zygomatic nerves

Front 144

axilla wall

Back 144

anterior-pectoralis muscles
lateral thoracic wall (medial)- serratus anterior
posterior - latissumus dorsi

Front 145

cytochrome P450

Back 145

detoxification - smooth ER

Front 146

hassalls corpsules

Back 146

found in medulla of thymus, epithelial cells with keratohyaline granules