Anatomy - Elbow & Forearm

Front 1

At what angle does the medial column diverge from the humeral shaft?

Back 1

45 deg

Front 2

What angle does the lateral column diverge from humeral shaft?

Back 2

20 deg

Front 3

Through an arc of how much, is the trochlea covered with articular cartilage?

Back 3

300 deg

Front 4

What shape is the capitellum? What direction is its radius of curvature wideR?

Back 4

Ellipsoid, medial-to-later curvature wider

Front 5

What is the natural valgus tilt of the distal humerus articulation with respect to the long axis of the humerus? (AP view)

Back 5

6 Degrees

Front 6

How much anterior rotation (lateral/sagittal view) does the humerus show wrt long axis of humerus

Back 6

30 degrees

Front 7

On an axial view of the distal humerus, how many degrees of internal rotation b/w the articulation in reference to line connecting midportions of the epicondyles?

Back 7

5 to 7 degrees internal rotation

Front 8

What is the bow of the radius on the coronal plane?

Back 8

10.33 degrees

Front 9

Which third of the radius is the apex?

Back 9

~middle third

Front 10

What is the proximal radius saggital bow?

Back 10

4.66 degrees, apex volar

Front 11

What is the radial head fixation "safe zone"? Its landmarks?

Back 11

110 degrees of nonarticular arc (for screw placement)

Landmarks: palpation of radial styloid & lister's tubercle

Front 12

What aspect of the coronoid articular surface, is a critical stabilizer of the elbow under varus & rotation stress?

Back 12

The anterio-medial facet

Front 13

What is PUDA?

Back 13

Proximal Ulna Dorsal Angulation

Front 14

What is the contralateral PUDA measure reliable for?

Back 14

Determining angle in pts with communition/distorted anatomy

Front 15

Mean PUDA angle? Location?

Back 15

5.7 degrees, 47 mm distal to tip of olecranon

Front 16

What radiographic view is Baummann's angle measured?

Back 16

AP view of the distal humerus

Front 17

What lines make up Baumman's angle?

Back 17

Intersect line drawn down humeral axis and a line drawn along growth plate of the lateral condyle

Front 18

What is the significance of the Baumman's angle?

Back 18

Meausure of an adequate reduction when compared with non-injured arm. Deviation of >5 degrees = inadequate

Front 19

CRITOE acronym on physis fusion in a peds elbow

Back 19

Capitellum - 1

Radial head - 3

Internal - 5

Trochlea - 7

Olecranon - 9

External - 11

Front 20

The ages in order for CRITOE?

Back 20

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

C, R, I, T, O, E

(odd numbers increasing by 2)

Front 21

The PRUJ (prox-radio ulnar joint) has an arc of articulation of how much?

Back 21

60 to 70 degrees, highly congruous

Front 22

True or false: no soft tissues structures routinely attach to the tip of the coronoid

Back 22

True

Front 23

How many mm is the coronoid from the joint capsule? From brachialis? from MCL?

Back 23

6 mm, 12 mm, 18 mm

Front 24

What are the 3 components of the medial (ulnar) collateral ligament?

Back 24

1. Anterior bundle

2. Transverse bundle/ligament

3. Posterior bundle

Front 25

What are the 3 components of the lateral ligamentous complex?

Back 25

1. Annular ligament

2. Radial collateral ligament (RCL)

3. Lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)

Front 26

The 2 places the annular ligament attaches to?

Back 26

Anterior & posterior margins of the sigmoid (radial) notch

Front 27

The RCL attaches onto?

Back 27

Annular ligament

Front 28

The RCL is taut at which point of elbow ROM?

Back 28

Taut through entire ROM

Front 29

LUCL origin?

Back 29

Same as RCL, lateral epicondyle

Front 30

Where does the LUCL insert?

Back 30

Discrete insertion: tubercle of supinator crest

Front 31

what is PLRI?

Back 31

Posterolateral radial instability

Front 32

What elbow ligament is deficient in PLRI?

Back 32

LUCL

Front 33

Insertion of anterior bundle of MCL?

Back 33

Sublime tubercle

Front 34

Which bundle of the UCL serves as the primary static stablizer to valgus stress? Through which angles of elbow flexion?

Back 34

Anterior bundle of UCL = primary stablizer

20 to 120 deg elbow flexion

Front 35

How many bands to the anterior bundle of the UCL?

Back 35

3 bands (anterior, central, posterior band).

Front 36

Which is the most important band of the Anterior Bundle?

Back 36

Central band

Front 37

What is the central band of the Anterior bundle also known as?

Back 37

"Isometric bundle"

Front 38

What is the function of the anterior bundle?

Back 38

Maintains normal elbow kinematics and stability throughout the arc of flexion.

Front 39

Which band of the anterior bundle is most susceptible at higher flexion angles?

Back 39

Posterior band

Front 40

Most susceptible at low flexion angle (or extension)?

Back 40

Anterior band

Front 41

Which bundle of the MCL (UCL) can be relased to increase flexion in stiff elbow?

Back 41

The posterior bundle

Front 42

Does the transverse bundle span the ulnohumeral joint?

Back 42

No, and has undetermined function

Front 43

3 primary static stabilizers of the elbow:

Back 43

Ulno-humeral articulation

MCL (i.e. UCL)
LUCL

Front 44

3 secondary static stabilizers to elbow:

Back 44

Radial head

Joint capsule

Cmmon flexor & extensor origins

Front 45

3 contributors to Axial forearm stability

Back 45

Intact radial head (primary)

TFCC & Interosseous membrane (secondary

Front 46

Regarding force transmittance, radiocarpal joint absorts what percent of the load?

Back 46

80%

Remaining 20%: ulna

Front 47

How many ligaments to the interosseous membrane?

Back 47

5

Front 48

IF radial head removed, what structure absorbs the axial load trasnmitted through fore-arm?

Back 48

IOM, 90%

(central band contributes 71%)

Front 49

The brachial artery lies deep to which structure?

Back 49

Deep to bicipital aponeurosis (aka lacertus fibrosis)

Front 50

What is the course of the barchial artery?

Back 50

-Crosses infront of intramuscular septum

-Lies anterior to medial aspect of brachialis m.

-Enter anticubital space medial to biceps tendons, lateral to the n.

Front 51

Where does the median n. cross the brachial a. ?

Back 51

Near mddile of arm, median n. crosses in front of and medial to artery

Front 52

The radial a. enters the wrist between which 2 structures?

Back 52

Brachioradialis and FCR

Front 53

The ulnar a. lies b/w which 2 structure PROXIMAL?

Back 53

B/w FDS and FDP muscle

Front 54

The ulnar a. lies b/w which 2 structure DISTALLY?

Back 54

Travels with ulnar n. between FDS and FCU tendons

Front 55

Is the ulnar a. deep or superficial to pronator teres?

Back 55

Deep

Front 56

Is the radial a. deep or superficial to brachioradialis?

Back 56

Deep

Front 57

The common interosseous artery is a branch of?

Back 57

The ulnar artery

Front 58

What structure does the ANTERIOR interosseous artery travel with?

Back 58

The AIN

Front 59

The radial recurrent (RR) artery forms an anastomoses with which artery?

Back 59

Radial collateral artery.

Front 60

The anastomosis b/w RR and RC arteries supplies which structure of the elbow?

Back 60

The capitellum

Front 61

What 3 things should you commit to memory for nerves?

Back 61

1. Its course

2. Order of muscular innervation

3. Potential sites of compression (clinical syndromes/correlation)