Anatomy Cvs And Msk

Front 1

which muscles act to flex the hip joint?

Back 1

psoas major, sartonrius, iliacus and rectus femoris

Front 2

which muscles act to extend the hip?

Back 2

glut max and hamstrings

Front 3

what action of glut med and min have on the hip?

Back 3

abduction and medial rotation

Front 4

what side is the tensor fascia lata on and what does it do?

Back 4

lateral and Thigh - flexion, medial rotation,abduction Leg - lateral rotation,Torso - stabilization

Front 5

what does pectineus do?

Back 5

adduct

Front 6

what action do piriformis, obturator internus, quadratus femoris and obturator externus have on the hip?

Back 6

lateral rotators

Front 7

where are all the adductor groups?

Back 7

adductor mag,long,bre,pec

Front 8

when the ACL is torn what else is commonly damaged?

Back 8

the medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus

Front 9

which side is biceps femoris?

Back 9

lateral

Front 10

which muscle acts to unlock the knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia?

Back 10

popliteaus (lateral condyle to tibia)

Front 11

which nerve is affected in foot drop?

Back 11

deep peroneal (the dorsiflexors are affected)

Front 12

what joint type is the superior tibiofibular joint?

Back 12

arthrodial (plane) glinding joint

Front 13

what joint type is the inferior tibiofibular joint?

Back 13

fibrous (Syndesmosis)

Front 14

what is osgood schlatter disease?

Back 14

growth plate strain, pain in tibial tuberosity where the patella ligament attaches

Front 15

what are shin spints caused by?

Back 15

periostitis which is inflammation in the connective tissue, caused by excercise

Front 16

what does perineus tertius do and where is it? q

Back 16

dorsiflexion, just infront of lateral malleolus

Front 17

what is the subtalar joint and what bones form it?

Back 17

talus and calcaneos, plane synovial, inversion and eversion

Front 18

what bones connect in the transverse tarsal joint?

Back 18

talus with the navicular and calcaneus with the cuboid, inversion and eversion

Front 19

when does achilles tendon rupture occur?

Back 19

when knee is extended and the ankle is dorsiflexed

Front 20

what is a bunion?

Back 20

enlargement of bone or tissue at big toe

Front 21

what is the transverse arch maintained by?

Back 21

tendon of peroneus longus

Front 22

what us the medial longitudinal arch maintained by?

Back 22

spring ligament between the calcaneuos and navicular on medial side

Front 23

what is the lateral longitutinal arch maintained by?

Back 23

long and short plantar ligaments

Front 24

what bones is the short plantar ligament between?

Back 24

the calcaneus and the cuboid

Front 25

what bones is the long plantar ligament between?

Back 25

the calcaneuos and the metatarsals

Front 26

where is the insertion of the iliosoas?

Back 26

lesser trochanter

Front 27

where is the medial collateral ligament connected?

Back 27

the tibia

Front 28

where is the lateral collateral ligament connected?

Back 28

lateral menisci

Front 29

what is genu valgum?

Back 29

knock knee

Front 30

what is genu varum?

Back 30

bowed out knees

Front 31

which fossa does infraspinatos arrise from?

Back 31

infraspinatus

Front 32

where does the long tricepts insert?

Back 32

infraglenoid tubercle

Front 33

which rotator cuff muscle assists in abduction?

Back 33

supraspinatus

Front 34

what action does deltoid have on the shoulder?

Back 34

abduction

Front 35

what is bicept brachii's distal insertation?

Back 35

radial tuberosity

Front 36

what is tricepts distal insertation?

Back 36

olecranon

Front 37

what forms the posterior boundary of the axilla?

Back 37

lat dorsi

Front 38

brachial plexus?

Back 38

c5 to t1

Front 39

what does the head of the radius articulate with?

Back 39

the capitulum

Front 40

what side is the capitulum on compared to the trochlea?

Back 40

lateral (articulates with the radius)

Front 41

which vein commences over the anatomical snuffbox?

Back 41

cephalic

Front 42

what supplies pronator tere?

Back 42

median nerve

Front 43

what is a posterior fat pad sign?

Back 43

always pathological

Front 44

what can a supracondylar fracture cause?

Back 44

damage to median nerve and brachial artery

Front 45

what can an olecranaon fracture cause damage to?

Back 45

ulnar nerve

Front 46

what is a colles fracture?

Back 46

posterior displacement of the radius

Front 47

what is a smiths fracture?

Back 47

anterior displacement of the radius, fall with a flexed hand

Front 48

what is frozen shoulder?

Back 48

inflammation of connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint due to trauma, overuse or autoimmune

Front 49

which side does golfers elbow result in pain?

Back 49

medial side becuase overuse of forearm flexors

Front 50

what side has pain in tennis elbow?

Back 50

lateral epicondyle

Front 51

what are the clinical signs of golfers elbow?

Back 51

pain on proximal insertation of tendon and pain on resistance to wrist flexion when hand in pronation

Front 52

what are the clinical signs of tennis elbow?

Back 52

pain on resistance to wrist extension

Front 53

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Back 53

deep and superficial flexor tendons, median nerve, flexor pollucis longus

Front 54

causes of carpal tunnel syndrome..

Back 54

obesity,RA, pregnancy, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, reptitive strain injury

Front 55

clinical signs of carpal tunnel syndrome..

Back 55

weakness of thenar eminence and 2 radial lumbricals and loss of sensation in the 3 and a half lumbricals

Front 56

what is phalen's sign and what is it used to diagnose?

Back 56

to diagnose carp tun. forced flexion causes pain

Front 57

what is tinnels test?

Back 57

for carp, tapping over carpal tunnel

Front 58

what is pulled elbow a dislocation of?

Back 58

elbow, lippage of the head of the radius under the annular ligament

Front 59

what nerve roots are affected in erbs palsy?

Back 59

c5 and 6, waiters tip

Front 60

what nerve roots are affected in klumpe's paralysis?

Back 60

c8-t1

Front 61

what even is klumpes paralysis anyway?

Back 61

paralysis of intrinsic muscles of hand, claw hand

Front 62

what does the serratus anterior do to the shoulder gurdle?

Back 62

protracts, stabilises the scapula, keeps it down

Front 63

what is the serratus anterior stabilised by?

Back 63

the long thoracic nerve, c567`

Front 64

what effect does the trapezius have on the scapula?

Back 64

shoulder shrugging, elevation rotation, retraction, depression

Front 65

what is the trapezius supplied by?

Back 65

the accessory nerve...c3,4

Front 66

what is the levator scapulae supplied by?

Back 66

c3,4,5 dorsal scapula nerve and

Front 67

what do the rhomboid major and minor muscles do to the scapula?

Back 67

retract it, fix it to the thoracic wall

Front 68

what are the rhomboid major and minor an levator muscles supplied by?

Back 68

the dorsal scapular nerve, c4,5

Front 69

what nerve supplies pec minor?

Back 69

medial pectoralis nerve, c8 and t1, stabilises scapula, draws the scapula inferior

Front 70

WHAT SIGN MAY OCCUR AFTER DAMAGE OF THE LONG THORACIC NERVE. OMG

Back 70

scapula burning pain, winged scapula

Front 71

what occupies the space between the greater tubercle of humerus and acromium?

Front 72

what is pec major supplied by?

Back 72

lateral and medial pec nerve

Front 73

what is lat dorsi supplied by?

Back 73

thorodorsal nerve

Front 74

what actions does lat dorsi have on the shoulder joint?

Back 74

Adducts, extends and internally rotates the arm (climbing or pull ups)

Front 75

what nerve supplies teres major?

Back 75

lower subscapular nerve, adducts humerus

Front 76

which nerve supplies the teres minor?

Back 76

axillary nerve

Front 77

whaich way is shoulder most commonly dislocated?

Back 77

anterior

Front 78

what under the coraacromial arch may get damaged after a shoulder dislocation?

Back 78

supraspinous tendon and subacromial bursae

Front 79

which is superior out of the rhomboids?

Back 79

minor

Front 80

where does the brachialis insert onto?

Back 80

ulnar

Front 81

which direction does the pronator teres go in?

Back 81

medial to lateral

Front 82

what supplies the supinator?

Back 82

radial nerve (capitulum to radius)

Front 83

what forms the top boundary of the anatomical snuffbox (medial)

Back 83

extensor pollucis longus

Front 84

what forms the bottoms of the triangle of the anatomical snuffbow (lateral) ?

Back 84

extensor pollucis brevis

Front 85

where is abductor pollucis longus?

Back 85

just below brevis in the triangle

Front 86

what is the adductor pollucis supplied by?

Back 86

ulnar nerve!

Front 87

what are the lumbricals supplied by?

Back 87

1st and 2nd are median but 3rd and 4th are radial

Front 88

what is dupuytren's contracture?

Back 88

fixed flexion of the hand

Front 89

what does the superficial palmar arch supply and whats its main origin?

Back 89

ulnar artery, digits

Front 90

what is mallet finger?

Back 90

from hyperflexion of finger, cant extend the dip

Front 91

which joints of the hand do OA affect?

Back 91

dip

Front 92

which joints does RA affect?

Back 92

wrist, MCP, PIPs

Front 93

where are the azygous vein, oesphagus, vagus nerve, thoracic aorta all found?

Back 93

posterior mediast inum

Front 94

where are the main bronchi and the phrenic nerve found?

Back 94

middle mediatinum

Front 95

what are the superior borders of the heart?

Back 95

right =3rd costal cartilage, left=2nd intercostal space

Front 96

what are the inferior borders of the heart?

Back 96

right= 6th costal catilage, left=5th intercostal space

Front 97

what are the left boundaries of the heart?

Back 97

2nd intercostal space, 5th intercostal space

Front 98

right boundaries of the heart?

Back 98

6th costal cartilage and 3rd costal cartilage

Front 99

what are the pulmonary surfaces of the heart?

Back 99

l ventricle, r atrium

Front 100

where is the apex of the heart?

Back 100

5th intercostal space,mid clavicular line

Front 101

how many pulmonary arteries are there?

Back 101

2

Front 102

how many pulmonary veins are there?

Back 102

4

Front 103

in what percentage of people does the right coronary artery supply the SAN?

Back 103

90%

Front 104

in what percentage of people does the left coronary artery supply the av node?

Back 104

20

Front 105

what does the LAD artery travel with ?

Back 105

great cardiac vein

Front 106

what does the marginal branch of the right coronary artery travel with?

Back 106

small cardiac vein

Front 107

what does the posterior descending artery travel with?

Back 107

middle cardiac vein

Front 108

WHICH VESSELS ARE OFTEN used for cornary artery bypass grafts?

Back 108

long saphenous/radial artery or internal thoracic artery

Front 109

what is the serous pericardium made up of?

Back 109

parietal and viseral

Front 110

what is the perital pericardium adherant to/

Back 110

fibrous

Front 111

what is the visceral pericardium adherent to?

Back 111

heart

Front 112

which layers are the sinuses of the heart in between ?

Back 112

visceral and serous

Front 113

what is the fibrous pericardium supplied by?

Back 113

the phrenic nerve

Front 114

what is the parietal pericardium supplied by?

Back 114

the phrenic nerve

Front 115

what is the visceral pericardium supplied by?

Back 115

the vagus and sympathetic nerves

Front 116

where is pain from the pericardium reffered to?

Back 116

c4, shoulder tip

Front 117

where is the thoracic aorta?

Back 117

posterior mediastinum

Front 118

where is the azygous vein?

Back 118

posterior mediastinum

Front 119

where is the phrenic nerve?

Back 119

superior and middle

Front 120

where is the oesophagus?

Back 120

posterior and superior

Front 121

what is blunted if fluid present in pleural cavity in pleural effusion?

Back 121

costophrenic angle

Front 122

what is aortic dissection?

Back 122

when the intima of the vessel wall separates from aorta

Front 123

what is the auscultation of the aortic valve?

Back 123

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border

Front 124

what is the auscultation of the pulmonary valve?

Back 124

2nd intercostal space, left sternal border

Front 125

what is the auscultation of the tricuspid valve?

Back 125

5th intercostal space, left lower sternal border

Front 126

what is the auscultation of the mitral valve?

Back 126

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

Front 127

what is the ausuculatation of an aortic stenosis?

Back 127

aortic region radiating to the carotids

Front 128

what is the auscultation of an aortic regurgitation?

Back 128

aortic region, especially in expiration when patient leaning forwards

Front 129

where is a heart mumur of pulmonary stenosis heard?

Back 129

pulmonary region and radiates to back

Front 130

where is a heart murmur of pulmonary regurgitation heard?

Back 130

pulmonary region when patient is leaning forwards

Front 131

where is any mitral vavle murmur heard?

Back 131

apex and radiates to axilla

Front 132

what kind of mumur is mitral stenosis?

Back 132

diastolic mumur

Front 133

what is a heave a sign of?

Back 133

left ventricular hypertrophy

Front 134

what are janeways regions?

Back 134

non tender haemorragic regions

Front 135

what are oslers nodes?

Back 135

tender regions

Front 136

is a transthoracic node external or internal?

Back 136

external

Front 137

what does the ductus arteriousus connect?

Back 137

the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Front 138

what type of blood is in the left ventricle in feotal circulation?

Back 138

mixed deoxy and oxy

Front 139

what allows bllod to flow between the atrium in the foetus?

Back 139

formaen ovale (when pressure in l atrium exceeds pressure in r atrium the foramen ovale close)

Front 140

what kind of blood is in the umbilical vein?

Back 140

oxygenated

Front 141

what allows blood to be transported through the umbilical vein through the liver to the inferior v c?

Back 141

ductus venosus

Front 142

during s1 heart sound are the ventricles contracting or relaxing?

Back 142

contracting, dont want blood to go back to atrium

Front 143

what attches to the atrioventricular valves and is pulled on by the papillary muscles?

Back 143

chordae tendiae

Front 144

what does the umbilical vein become after birth?

Back 144

ligamentum teres

Front 145

what doest the medial umbilical ligament become after birth?

Back 145

medial umbilical ligament

Front 146

what does the ductus arteriousus become after birth?

Back 146

ligamentum arteriosusm

Front 147

which pulse do you feel on medial malleolus?

Back 147

posterior tibial