Anatomy Block 2 Quiz 1 Muscles

Front 1

what are the superficial gluteal muscles?

Back 1

gluteus maximus
medius
minimus
tensor fasciae latae

Front 2

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

Back 2

piriformis
obturator internus
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris

Front 3

gluteus maximus

Back 3

fx: extends thigh between flexed and standing positions
lateral rotation thigh
stabilize hip

nerve: inferiorgluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1)

artery: superior gluteal artery superficial branch, inferior gluteal artery (anastomose)

attachments: ilium, sacrum, coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament/iliotibiqal tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur

Front 4

tensor fasciae latae

Back 4

fx: medial rotation thigh
helps flex thigh
stabilized knee joint & hip

nerve: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, 2)

attaches to ilium/iliotibial tract (lateral condyle tibia)

Front 5

gluteus medius and minimus

Back 5

fx: medial rotation thigh
abductors keep pelvis level
stabilize hip

nerve: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, 2)

artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery

attach: ilium/greatr trochanter of femur

Front 6

Piriformis

Back 6

fx: abduct flexed thigh

Atts: sacrum, greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament / greater trochanter of femur

Front 7

Obturator internus

Back 7

fx: abduct flexed thigh

nerve: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery

Atts: ilium, ischium, obturator membrane / greater trochanter of femur

Front 8

Superior gemellus and inferior gemellus

Back 8

fx: abduct flexed thigh

nerve: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
nerve to quadratus femoris (inferior) (L5, S1)

artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery

Atts: ischial spine & ischial tuberosity / both insert into obturator internus tendon (triceps coxae)

Front 9

quadratus femoris

Back 9

fx: laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes acetabulum

nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris(L5, S1)

artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery

Atts: ischial tuberosity / quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur

Front 10

What 3 muscles are in the hamstrings?

Back 10

semiteninosus

semimembranosus

biceps femoris long head

act on hip and knee joints

Front 11

Semitendinosus

(posterior thigh)

Back 11

fx: extend thigh and flex leg
medially rotate flexed leg

nerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

attach: ischial tuberosity / medial side of tibia

Front 12

Semimembranosus

(posterior thigh)

Back 12

fx: extend thigh and flex leg
medially rotate flexed leg

nerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

attach: ischial tuberosity / medial side of tibia

Front 13

Biceps femoris long head

(posterior thigh)

Back 13

fx: extend thigh and flex leg
laterally rotate flexed leg

nerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

attach: ischial tuberosity / head of fibula

Front 14

biceps femoris short head

Back 14

acts on knee joint

fx: flexes leg and laterally rotates flexed leg

nerve: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

attach: linea aspera/ head of fibula

Front 15

Pectineus

act at hip joint, sometimes medial thigh

Back 15

Flexion, adduction & medial rotation of thigh

Atts: superior rami of pubis / pectinal line of femur (below lesser trochanter)

Front 16

Iliopsoas

act at hip joint

Back 16

Illiacus & psoas major

Main flexor of thigh
stabilize hip joint
important in walking, specially in swing phase of walking cycle

Origin inside abdominal & pelvic cavity
Both attach to lesser trochanter of femur

Front 17

What muscles act on the knee joint?

Back 17

Rectus Femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

Front 18

Rectus Femoris

Back 18

fx: flex thigh at hip
extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking

origin: AIIS
insert: patellar tendon

Front 19

Vastus lateralis

Back 19

fx: extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking

insert: patellar tendon

Front 20

Vastus intermedius

Back 20

fx: extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking

insert: patellar tendon

Front 21

Vastus medialis

Back 21

fx: extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking

origin: proximal femur
insert: patellar tendon

Front 22

Articularis genu

(fascicles of vastus intermedius)

Back 22

small muscle

Pulls synovial membrane during leg extension

Front 23

Sartorius

Back 23

fx: Flexes thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee joint

Crosses hip and knee joints

Atts: ASIS / medial tibia

Front 24

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Back 24

Adductor brevis

Adductor Longus

Adductor magnus
-adductor part
-hamstring part

Gracialis

Obturator Externus

Front 25

Adductor brevis

Adductor Longus

Back 25

fx: adduct thigh

Attach: pubis / linea aspera of femur

Front 26

Adductor magnus

adductor part

Back 26

fx: Flexes & adduct thigh

obturator artery

posterior branch of obturator nerve

Atts: Ischiopubic ramus / linea aspera & supracondylar line of femur

Front 27

Adductor magnus

hamstring part

Back 27

Extends & adduct thigh

tibia part of sciatic nerve

perforating branches of deep artery of the thigh

Atts: Ischial tuberosity / adductor tubercle of femur

Front 28

Gracialis

Back 28

fx: Adducts thigh at hip joint
flexes & help rotate leg medially* at knee joint

oburator artery

anterior branch of obturator nerve

Atts: pubis / tibia (both joints)

Front 29

Obturator externus

Back 29

fx: Laterally rotates* thigh at hip joint
Stabilizes hip joint

obturator artery

posterior branch of obturator nerve

Atts: External obturator membrane /trochanteric fossa of femur

Front 30

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

What do they all do?

Back 30

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus

fibularis tertius

all responsible for ankle dorsiflexion

Front 31

tibialis anterior

(anterior leg)

Back 31

fx: foot inversion (foot joints)
support arch of foot
ankle dorsiflexion

nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.)

artery: anterior tibial artery

Atts: lat. tibia & interosseous membrane / cuneiform & 1st metatarsal

Front 32

extensor digitorum longus

Back 32

fx: ankle dorsiflexion
Extension of lateral 4 digits

nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.)

artery: anterior tibial artery

Atts: lat tibia & interosseous membrane / lateral four digit (IP joints)

Front 33

extensor hallucis longus

Back 33

fx: extension of great toe
dorsiflexion ankle

nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.)

artery : anterior tibial artery

Atts: ant. fibula & interosseous membrane / dorsal big toe (IP joints)

Front 34

fibularis tertius

Back 34

fx: foot eversion (foot joints)
forsiflexion ankle

nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.)

artery: anterior tibial artery

Atts: ant. fibula & interosseous membrane / dorsum of 5th metatarsal

Front 35

What are the 2 lateral compartment muscles?

Back 35

fibularis longus and brevis

Front 36

fibularis longus and brevis

Back 36

fx: Foot eversion (foot joints)
Ankle plantarflexion (weak)
support arch of foot

Fibularis longus
Atts: sup. 2/3 of lat. fibula / cuneiform & 1st metatarsal

nerve: superficial fibular nerve

artery : perforating branches of both the fibular artery & anterior tibial artery

Fibularis brevis
Atts: inf. 2/3 of lat. fibula / dorsal of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

Front 37

What are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

What separates them?

Back 37

gastrocnemius

soleus

plantaris

Separated from deep muscles by transverse intermuscular septum

Front 38

Gastrocnemius

Back 38

fx: plantarflexion
raises heel
flexes leg* at knee joint
Incapable of plantarflexion when the knee is flexed

Att: med. condyle & superior to lat. condyle of femur
Medial & lateral head

insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon

Front 39

soleus

Back 39

fx: steadies leg
Lone plantarflexor when knee is flexed

Att: proximal fibula, soleal line & med. Border of tibia

insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon

Front 40

plantaris

Back 40

fx: Vestigial, used for tendon graft
involved in plantarflexion

Att: lat. condyle of femur /
Absent in 10% people

insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon

Front 41

what forms the triceps surae?

Back 41

Gastrocnemius & Soleus form triceps surae

Front 42

What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment?

Back 42

flexor hallucis longus

flexor digitorum longus

tibialis posterior

popliteus

Front 43

Flexor hallucis longus

Back 43

fx: Flexes great toe (IP joints)
plantarflexion foot
supports arch of foot

nerve: tibial nerve

artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery

Atts: inf. 2/3 of post. Fibula & interosseous membrane / great toe

Front 44

flexor digitorum longus

Back 44

AFlexes lateral four toes (IP joints)
plantarflexion foot
supports arch of foot

nerve: tibial nerve

artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery

Atts: medial post. tibia / 4 lat. digits

Front 45

tibialis posterior

Back 45

fx: Inverts foot (foot joints)
plantarflexion foot
supports arch of foot

nerve: tibial nerve

artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery

Atts: interosseous membrane, post. tibia & post. fibula / navicular & cuboid, cuneifoms & 2-4th metatarsals

Front 46

popliteus

Back 46

fx: Laterally rotates femur relative to tibia and unlocks knee joint

nerve: tibial nerve

artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery

Atts: lat. condyle of femur & lat. miniscus /post. tibia