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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the superficial gluteal muscles? |
gluteus maximus
medius minimus tensor fasciae latae |
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What are the deep gluteal muscles?
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piriformis
obturator internus superior gemellus inferior gemellus quadratus femoris |
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gluteus maximus
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fx: extends thigh between flexed and standing positions
lateral rotation thigh stabilize hip nerve: inferiorgluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1) artery: superior gluteal artery superficial branch, inferior gluteal artery (anastomose) attachments: ilium, sacrum, coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament/iliotibiqal tract & gluteal tuberosity of femur |
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tensor fasciae latae
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fx: medial rotation thigh
helps flex thigh stabilized knee joint & hip nerve: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, 2) attaches to ilium/iliotibial tract (lateral condyle tibia) |
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gluteus medius and minimus
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fx: medial rotation thigh
abductors keep pelvis level stabilize hip nerve: superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, 2) artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery attach: ilium/greatr trochanter of femur |
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Piriformis
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fx: abduct flexed thigh
Atts: sacrum, greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament / greater trochanter of femur |
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Obturator internus
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fx: abduct flexed thigh
nerve: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery Atts: ilium, ischium, obturator membrane / greater trochanter of femur |
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Superior gemellus and inferior gemellus
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fx: abduct flexed thigh
nerve: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) nerve to quadratus femoris (inferior) (L5, S1) artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery Atts: ischial spine & ischial tuberosity / both insert into obturator internus tendon (triceps coxae) |
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quadratus femoris
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fx: laterally rotates thigh, stabilizes acetabulum
nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris(L5, S1) artery: deep branch inferior gluteal artery Atts: ischial tuberosity / quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur |
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What 3 muscles are in the hamstrings?
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semiteninosus
semimembranosus biceps femoris long head act on hip and knee joints |
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Semitendinosus
(posterior thigh) |
fx: extend thigh and flex leg
medially rotate flexed leg nerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3) attach: ischial tuberosity / medial side of tibia |
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Semimembranosus
(posterior thigh) |
fx: extend thigh and flex leg
medially rotate flexed leg nerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3) attach: ischial tuberosity / medial side of tibia |
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Biceps femoris long head
(posterior thigh) |
fx: extend thigh and flex leg
laterally rotate flexed leg nerve: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3) attach: ischial tuberosity / head of fibula |
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biceps femoris short head
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acts on knee joint
fx: flexes leg and laterally rotates flexed leg nerve: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3) attach: linea aspera/ head of fibula |
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Pectineus
act at hip joint, sometimes medial thigh |
Flexion, adduction & medial rotation of thigh
Atts: superior rami of pubis / pectinal line of femur (below lesser trochanter) |
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Iliopsoas
act at hip joint |
Illiacus & psoas major
Main flexor of thigh stabilize hip joint important in walking, specially in swing phase of walking cycle Origin inside abdominal & pelvic cavity Both attach to lesser trochanter of femur |
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What muscles act on the knee joint?
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Rectus Femoris
Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis |
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Rectus Femoris
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fx: flex thigh at hip
extend leg at knee role in stance and swing phase of walking origin: AIIS insert: patellar tendon |
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Vastus lateralis
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fx: extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking insert: patellar tendon |
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Vastus intermedius
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fx: extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking insert: patellar tendon |
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Vastus medialis
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fx: extend leg at knee
role in stance and swing phase of walking origin: proximal femur insert: patellar tendon |
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Articularis genu
(fascicles of vastus intermedius) |
small muscle
Pulls synovial membrane during leg extension |
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Sartorius
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fx: Flexes thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee joint Crosses hip and knee joints Atts: ASIS / medial tibia |
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What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
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Adductor brevis
Adductor Longus Adductor magnus -adductor part -hamstring part Gracialis Obturator Externus |
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Adductor brevis
Adductor Longus |
fx: adduct thigh
Attach: pubis / linea aspera of femur |
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Adductor magnus
adductor part |
fx: Flexes & adduct thigh
obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve Atts: Ischiopubic ramus / linea aspera & supracondylar line of femur |
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Adductor magnus
hamstring part |
Extends & adduct thigh
tibia part of sciatic nerve perforating branches of deep artery of the thigh Atts: Ischial tuberosity / adductor tubercle of femur |
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Gracialis
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fx: Adducts thigh at hip joint
flexes & help rotate leg medially* at knee joint oburator artery anterior branch of obturator nerve Atts: pubis / tibia (both joints) |
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Obturator externus
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fx: Laterally rotates* thigh at hip joint
Stabilizes hip joint obturator artery posterior branch of obturator nerve Atts: External obturator membrane /trochanteric fossa of femur |
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What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?
What do they all do? |
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis tertius all responsible for ankle dorsiflexion |
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tibialis anterior
(anterior leg) |
fx: foot inversion (foot joints)
support arch of foot ankle dorsiflexion nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.) artery: anterior tibial artery Atts: lat. tibia & interosseous membrane / cuneiform & 1st metatarsal |
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extensor digitorum longus
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fx: ankle dorsiflexion
Extension of lateral 4 digits nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.) artery: anterior tibial artery Atts: lat tibia & interosseous membrane / lateral four digit (IP joints) |
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extensor hallucis longus
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fx: extension of great toe
dorsiflexion ankle nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.) artery : anterior tibial artery Atts: ant. fibula & interosseous membrane / dorsal big toe (IP joints) |
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fibularis tertius
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fx: foot eversion (foot joints)
forsiflexion ankle nerve: deep fibular nerve, a branch of common fibular (sciatic n.) artery: anterior tibial artery Atts: ant. fibula & interosseous membrane / dorsum of 5th metatarsal |
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What are the 2 lateral compartment muscles?
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fibularis longus and brevis
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fibularis longus and brevis
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fx: Foot eversion (foot joints)
Ankle plantarflexion (weak) support arch of foot Fibularis longus Atts: sup. 2/3 of lat. fibula / cuneiform & 1st metatarsal nerve: superficial fibular nerve artery : perforating branches of both the fibular artery & anterior tibial artery Fibularis brevis Atts: inf. 2/3 of lat. fibula / dorsal of tuberosity of 5th metatarsal |
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What are the superficial muscles of the posterior leg?
What separates them? |
gastrocnemius
soleus plantaris Separated from deep muscles by transverse intermuscular septum |
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Gastrocnemius
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fx: plantarflexion
raises heel flexes leg* at knee joint Incapable of plantarflexion when the knee is flexed Att: med. condyle & superior to lat. condyle of femur Medial & lateral head insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon |
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soleus
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fx: steadies leg
Lone plantarflexor when knee is flexed Att: proximal fibula, soleal line & med. Border of tibia insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon |
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plantaris
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fx: Vestigial, used for tendon graft
involved in plantarflexion Att: lat. condyle of femur / Absent in 10% people insert on the calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles’) tendon |
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what forms the triceps surae?
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Gastrocnemius & Soleus form triceps surae
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What are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment?
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flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior popliteus |
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Flexor hallucis longus
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fx: Flexes great toe (IP joints)
plantarflexion foot supports arch of foot nerve: tibial nerve artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery Atts: inf. 2/3 of post. Fibula & interosseous membrane / great toe |
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flexor digitorum longus
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AFlexes lateral four toes (IP joints)
plantarflexion foot supports arch of foot nerve: tibial nerve artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery Atts: medial post. tibia / 4 lat. digits |
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tibialis posterior
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fx: Inverts foot (foot joints)
plantarflexion foot supports arch of foot nerve: tibial nerve artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery Atts: interosseous membrane, post. tibia & post. fibula / navicular & cuboid, cuneifoms & 2-4th metatarsals |
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popliteus
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fx: Laterally rotates femur relative to tibia and unlocks knee joint
nerve: tibial nerve artery: posterior tibial artery and its branch the fibular artery Atts: lat. condyle of femur & lat. miniscus /post. tibia |