Anatomy And Physiology: Tissues

Front 1

Name:simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 1

Function:secretion and absorption
Location:forms walls of the smallest ducts of glands, kidney tubules, surface of ovaries

Front 2

Name:simple squamos epithelium

Back 2

Function:filtration
Location:walls of air sacs of lungs, kidney filtration membrane, lining of heart

Front 3

simple cells

Back 3

single cell layer

Front 4

stratified cells

Back 4

multiple layers of cells

Front 5

pseudostratified cells

Back 5

nuclei at different levels, giving the impression of stratification

Front 6

simple columnar epithelium

Back 6

Function:absorption and secretion (enzymes, etc.)
Location:lining of digestive tract (microvilli extensions), small bronchi, uterine tubes and uterus (cilia extension)

Front 7

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 7

Function:secretion (esp. mucus), propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
Location:non-ciliated in sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands, ciliated ones line the trachea and most of the upper respiratory tract

Front 8

squamos cells

Back 8

cells that are flattened and scale-like

Front 9

cuboidalcells

Back 9

cells that are about as tall as they are wide

Front 10

columnar cells

Back 10

cells that are tall and column-shaped

Front 11

stratified squamos epithelium
Description:several layers of cells, with the basal cells being actively dividing cuboidal or columnar and apical cells being squamos and dying

Back 11

Function:protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion
Location: upper layer of skin, vagina (non-keratinized version), mouth, esophagous

Front 12

transitional epithelium
basal cells are cuboidal or columnar, and apical cells may be cuboidal or squamos depending on

Back 12

Function: changes shape with volume in cavity
Location: lines ureters, bladder, and part of the urethra

Front 13

endocrine glands

Back 13

ductless glands; produce hormones that are secreted by exocytosis into blood or lymph

Front 14

exocrine glands

Back 14

ducted or unducted glands; either secrete onto body surface or into body cavity

Front 15

goblet cell

Back 15

unicellular exocrine gland responsible for production of mucin, which forms mucus when dissolved

Front 16

properties of connective tissue

Back 16

all derive from mesenchyme; can be anywhere from avascular or rich in blood vessels; extracellular matrix makes up a large part of tissue

Front 17

elements of connective tissue

Back 17

ground substance - unstructured material that contains the fibers
fibers - provide support
cell adhesion proteins - glue the cells to their matrix elements

Front 18

collagen fibers

Back 18

very tough with high tensile strength, have white appearance when fresh

Front 19

elastic fibers

Back 19

long, thin fibers that are stretchy; found in skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls

Front 20

reticular fibers

Back 20

collagenous fibers that branch and form networks to allow more give, like in skin

Front 21

difference between a "-blast" and a "-cyte"

Back 21

-blasts make extracellular matrix and are mitotic
-cytes keep matrix healthy and are not mitotic

Front 22

mesenchyme

Back 22

early form of connective tissue which can turn into the different types

Front 23

characteristics of epithelial tissues

Back 23

cellularity and specialized contacts - fit closely together to form membranes
polarity - have an apical (free) and basal (connected) surface
avascularity - these tissues have no blood supply of their own
regeneration - can easily reproduce
attached to a basement membrane

Front 24

naming stratified epithelium

Back 24

stratified epithelial tissue is named for its apical cell (the one on top), not the basal cell

Front 25

3 connective fibers

Back 25

collagen (white, strong)
elastic (yellow, stretchy)
reticular (very fine)

Front 26

connective tissues proper

Back 26

adipose, areolar, reticular, and dense

Front 27

four types of connective tissue

Back 27

connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, and blood

Front 28

mesenchyme

Back 28

embryonic connective tissue
Matrix: gel-like gound substance containing fibers
Function: turns into other connective tissue
Location: mostly in embryo

Front 29

areolar
Type: loose connective tissue
Location: under epithelia of body

Back 29

Matrix: gel-like with all three fiber types
Function: wraps and cushions organs; phagocytosis; helps to inflame; holds and transports tissue fluid

Front 30

osseous (bone)

Back 30

connective tissue
hard, calcified matrix w/many collagen fibers
function: supports and protects, provides levers for movement, stores minerals

Front 31

smooth muscle

Back 31

spindle-shaped, no striations, central nucleus
function: propels substances along internal passageways
location: hollow organs (intestines, stomach, etc.)

Front 32

adipose

Back 32

connective tissue
matrix: little matrix, liquidy
function: hold reserve energy in adipocytes, supports and cushions
location: under skin, around eyeballs, in breasts

Front 33

fibrocartilage

Back 33

simlar but less firm than hyaline cartilage, thick collagen fibers
function: to absorb compressive shock
location: intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, discs of knee joint

Front 34

dense regular connective tissue

Back 34

matrix: parallel collagen fibers
function: attaches bones to muscles (tendons) or bones to bones (ligaments)