Anatomy And Physiology Paramedic Chapter 1:anatomic Definitions

Front 1

anatomic position

Back 1

The subject standing upright, facing the observer. The arms are straightened, with the palms of the hands forward. Directional terms pertain to the patient, not the observer; therefore, right or left refers to the patient's right or left.

Front 2

planes

Back 2

flat surfaces

Front 3

frontal or coronal planes

Back 3

Number one.
Divides the body into front and back parts

Front 4

anterior

Back 4

Toward the front of the body.

Front 5

posterior

Back 5

Toward the back of the body.

Front 6

transverse or cross-horizontal plane

Back 6

Number 3
Divides the body into upper and lower halves.

Front 7

cranial or cephalad

Back 7

Refers to upper, toward the head.

Front 8

caudad

Back 8

Refers to lower, toward the feet.

Front 9

median or midsagital plane or midline

Back 9

Number 2.
Passes longitudinally from front to back through the middle of the body and divides the body into left and right halves.

Front 10

medial

Back 10

Refer to close to midline.

Front 11

lateral

Back 11

Refer to away from midline.

Front 12

sagittal plane

Back 12

Is a vertical plane that is parallel to the median plane and divides the body into unequal left and right parts.

Front 13

anterior and ventral

Back 13

Refer to the front of a part, organ, or structure.

Front 14

Posterior and dorsal

Back 14

Refer to the back of a part, organ, or structure.

Front 15

cranial and superior

Back 15

Refers to a structure that is closer to head or higher than another structure.

Front 16

Caudad and inferior

Back 16

Refers to a structure that is closer to the feet or lower than another structure.

Front 17

Proximal

Back 17

Refers to nearer to or toward the trunk of the body.

Front 18

Distal

Back 18

Refers to farther from the trunk and towards the free end of the extremity.

Front 19

midaxillary line

Back 19

An imaginary vertical line drawn through the axilla (armpit) to the waist.

Front 20

posterior axillary line

Back 20

An imaginary line drawn about and inch behind the midaxillary line.

Front 21

midclavicular line

Back 21

An imaginary line drawn through the middle portion of clavicle (collarbone and parrallel to the midline.

Front 22

Parts within abdominal right upper quadrant

Back 22

Within the right upper quad includes (6) diaphragm, liver, gall bladder, kidney, large and small intestine.

Front 23

Parts within abdominal left upper quadrant

Back 23

Within the left upper quad includes (5) spleen, kidney, stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.

Front 24

Parts within abdominal right lower quadrant

Back 24

Within the right lower quadrant includes (4-6) large intestine, appendix, bladder, and for females ovary and uterus.

Front 25

Parts within abdominal left lower quadrant

Back 25

Parts within the left lower quad include (2-4) small intestine, large intestine, and for women ovary and uterus.

Front 26

Range of motion (ROM)

Back 26

The full distance that a joint can be moved.

Front 27

Flexion

Back 27

Moving a distal point of an extremity closer to the trunk.

Front 28

Extension

Back 28

The motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed positon to the anatomic postion.

Front 29

Internal rotation

Back 29

Refers to turning the extremity medially toward the midline. The lower extremity is internally rotated when the toes are turned inward.

Front 30

External rotation

Back 30

Refers to turning an extremity away from the midline.

Front 31

Comparison note of injured and uninjured extremity:

Back 31

Often, when an injured extremity is compared to the uninjured extremity, rotation deformities are noted.

Front 32

Abduction

Back 32

Refers to the movement of the extremity away from the midline.

Front 33

Adduction

Back 33

Refers to the movement of the extremity toward the midline.

Front 34

Recumbent

Back 34

Any position that describes the patient laying down or leaning back.

Front 35

supine

Back 35

Refers to the a body that is resting on its back with the face upward.

Front 36

prone

Back 36

Refers to a body that is lying with the face and abdomen downward.

Front 37

Fowler's position

Back 37

A patient who is sitting up, also half way or so is semi-Fowler's postion.

Front 38

Trendelenburg's position or shock position

Back 38

Modification of supine position with the patient's head down and lower extremities elevated approximately 12" to help blood flow to the torso and the brain.

Front 39

recovery or left lateral recumbent position

Back 39

Patient placed on left side often so fluids can drain from the mouth.

Front 40

anatomy

Back 40

The study of the structure of an organism and its parts.

Front 41

gross anatomy

Back 41

The study of the body parts that are generally visible to the naked eye, bone, muscles, and organs.

Front 42

microscopic anatomy

Back 42

The sudy of components of the body that are small, often only visible through a microscope.

Front 43

physiology

Back 43

The study of the body functions of a living organism in an abnormal state, such as disease.

Front 44

homeostasis

Back 44

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiologic environment in which cells live. This environment includes a stable temperature, fluid balance, and pH balance.