Anatomy

Front 1

The main cell of the nervous system

Transmit nerve impulses

Back 1

Neuron

Front 2

Supplies nutrients and carry waste materials away from the neurons

Back 2

Neuroglial cells

Front 3

Contain the nucleus

Back 3

Cell body

Front 4

Carry nerve impulses toward the cell body

Back 4

Dendrons

Front 5

Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

Back 5

Axon

Front 6

Point where axon leaves the neuron

Back 6

Axon hillock

Front 7

Terminal structure of each axon

Back 7

Synapse

Front 8

Synapse that is found in the muscle fiber

The button like pre synaptic endings have vesicles that contain chemical neurotransmitters

Back 8

Neuromuscular junction

Front 9

The most common neurotransmitter

Back 9

Acetylcholine

Front 10

The speed of transmission of the nerve impulse along the axon is increased by the presence of

Back 10

Myelin sheath

Front 11

These are lipoprotein materials that make up the myelin sheath

Makes the nerves appear white

Also found in the white matter of the central nervous system.

Back 11

Schwann cells

Front 12

Spaces that are found interrupting the myelin sheath

Where the axonal tissue receives nutrients and oxygen supply

Back 12

Nodes of ranvier

Front 13

These are embedded within the Schwann cells

Back 13

Nonmyelinated fibers

Front 14

Are classified according to their function and to the structure they supply

Back 14

Peripheral nerves

Front 15

Carry impulses toward the CNS

Back 15

Sensory nerves

Front 16

Carry impulses away from the CNS

Back 16

Motor nerves

Front 17

Carry both sensory and motor fibers

Back 17

Mixed nerves

Front 18

The ones that lie between the sensory and motor neurons

Back 18

Intercalated neurons

Front 19

Carry impulses toward a structure usually in the cns

Back 19

Afferent nerves

Front 20

Carry impulses away from the structure usually in the CNS

Back 20

Efferent nerves

Front 21

Associated with visceral organs

Back 21

Visceral nerves

Front 22

Associated with somatic organs

Back 22

Somatic nerves

Front 23

Control and coordinate all the activities of the normal body

Back 23

Brain

Front 24

Takes up most of the forebrain contains 90% of all neurons

Divided into 2 hemispheres

Back 24

Cerebrum/ telencephalon

Front 25

2 hemispheres are linked by the?

A tract of white matter found in the roof of the 3rd ventricle

Back 25

Corpus callosum

Front 26

Also known as convolutions

These are numerous folds on the surface of the cereb hemispheres

Back 26

Gyri

Front 27

The shallow grooves between the gyri

Back 27

Sulci

Front 28

Deep grooves

Back 28

Fissures

Front 29

Divides the cereb into 2 hemispheres

Back 29

Longitudinal fissure

Front 30

The rostral part of cereb hemisphere

Motor of the brain

Back 30

Frontal lobe

Front 31

The caudal part

Vision centers located

Back 31

Occipital lobe

Front 32

The lateral side

Hearing centers

Back 32

Temporal lobe

Front 33

The dorsal

Temperature, pain sensations

Back 33

Parietal lobe

Front 34

Center for taste and smell

Back 34

Ventral cerebrum

Front 35

The area next to the sensory and motor areas

Deal with memory

Back 35

Association areas

Front 36

2 cerebrospinal fluid filled spaces of the ventricular system

Back 36

Lateral ventricles

Front 37

Enclosed by the diencephalon encircling the adhesion

Back 37

3rd ventricle

Front 38

Outer layer of gray matter

Contains millions of cell body of neurons

Back 38

Cerebral cortex

Front 39

A group of cells found deep in the brain

Acts as relay stations

Back 39

Basal ganglia

Front 40

Composed of tracts of myelinated nerve fibers linking one area to another

Back 40

Inner layer of white matter

Front 41

Axons connecting nerve cells in different parts of the same cereb hemi

Back 41

Association fibers

Front 42

Axons passing between nerve cells of both hemispheres forming the corpus callosum

Back 42

Commissural fiber

Front 43

Axons connecting the cerebral cortex to other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Back 43

Projection fibers

Front 44

Nerve impulses carried by cranial nerve 2 optic nerve

Back 44

Optic chiasma

Front 45

An endocrine gland found below the hypothalamus

Back 45

Pituitary gland

Front 46

A pair of bulbs which form the most rostral part of the brain

Back 46

Olfactory bulb

Front 47

The stalk attaching the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

Back 47

Infundibilum

Front 48

Located between the diencephalon and the pons

Back 48

Midbrain mesencephalon

Front 49

Roof or tectum has how many colliculli?

Back 49

4

Front 50

2 rounded eminences that contain visual reflex centers

Back 50

Rostral colliculi

Front 51

2 rounded eminence that contain auditory reflect centers

C nerve 3 and 4 originate and emerge from this part

Back 51

Caudal colliculi

Front 52

Ventral tube running through the mid brain

Back 52

Cerebral aqueduct

Front 53

The deep grrove separating the cerebellum from the cerebral hemispheres

Back 53

Transverse fissure

Front 54

This bulge between the mid brain and medulla

Bridges the spinal cord and brain

Cranial nerves V VI VII VIII have their cell bodies origin in the Cranial nerve V is the only cranial nerve emerging from the

Cranial nerve V is the only cranial nerve emerging from the

Cranial nerve V is the only cranial nerve emerging from the

Back 54

Pons

Front 55

Second largest subdivision of the brain

Located dorsal to the pons and medulla and caudal to the occipital love of cerebrum

Motor reflex centers coordinate subconscious and conscious skeletal muscle movement

Back 55

Cerebellum

Front 56

Central part of the cerebellum

Back 56

Vermis

Front 57

Parts on either side of the vermis

Back 57

Lateral masses

Front 58

A thin outer layer of grey matter

Back 58

Cerebellar cortex

Front 59

White matter tracts branching into the cerebellum

Back 59

Arbor vitae

Front 60

Bundles of fibers connecting the cerebellum to the brain cells

Back 60

Cerebellar peduncles

Front 61

Connects the medulla spinal cord and cerebellum

Back 61

Caudal cereb peduncles

Front 62

Connects the cerebellum and the pons

Back 62

Middle cerebellar peduncles

Front 63

Connect the mid brain and the cerebellum

Back 63

Rostral cerebellar peduncles

Front 64

The caudal portion of the brain stem that continuous caudally to the spinal cord

Serve as origin of cell bodies of Cranial nerves VIII IX X XI XII

Back 64

Medulla

Front 65

Formed by motor tracts coming from the cerebral cortex

Back 65

Pyramids

Front 66

Located between the medulla and the cerebellum

Back 66

Fourth ventricle

Front 67

Deals with emotions

Back 67

Limbic system

Front 68

A network of nerve fibers and islands of gray matter

It functions in consciousness and arousal

Back 68

Reticular formation

Front 69

CSF is secreted by?

These groups of capillaries that are found on the roofs of the ventricles

Back 69

Choroid plexus

Front 70

Is a clear fluid with no protein and is transcellular

Protects the CNS form damage by sudden movement or knock

Also provides nutrient to the nervous tissues of the cns

Back 70

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 71

Membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Back 71

Meninges

Front 72

The outer most of the meninges

Also known as pachymeninx

Outer layer forms the inner periosteum

Inner layer extends into the fissures

Back 72

Dura mater

Front 73

The delicate middle meninx

Composed of collagen fibers and larger blood vessels that supply adjacent area of nerve tissues w nutrients

Back 73

Arachnoid

Front 74

The cavity between the arachnoid and the pia mater

Back 74

Subarachnoid space

Front 75

Inner most meninx

Back 75

Pia mater

Front 76

Refers to the piamater and the arachnoid together

Back 76

Leptomeninges

Front 77

Expansion of the subarachnoid space

Site where the CSF is removed for clinical testing

Back 77

Cisterns magna

Front 78

A modification of the neuroglial tissue that supports all the neurons within the nervous tissue

Protects the brain from substances that are harmful or not needes

Back 78

Blood brain barrier

Front 79

Breeds of dogs with thin bbb

Back 79

Collie

Front 80

Is a disease seen in kittens

Back 80

Cerebellar hypoplasia

Front 81

Is due to the accumulation of CSF in the brain ventricles

Back 81

Internal hydrocephalus

Front 82

Is due to the accumulation of CSF in the subarachnoid space

Back 82

External hydrocephalus

Front 83

Longest cranial nerve

Back 83

Cranial nerve X vagus nerve

Front 84

Largest cranial nerve

Back 84

Cranial nerve V trigeminal Nerve

Front 85

Can cause circling disease in small ruminants

Can damage cranial nerve vIII

Back 85

Listeriosis

Front 86

Is a glistening white tube running from the medulla oblongata of the brain

Back 86

Spinal cord

Front 87

The structure where the rest of the spine breaks up into several terminal spinal nerves

Back 87

Cauda equina

Front 88

This is the enlargement tof the caudal part of the cervical and cranial part of the thoracic spinal cord

Back 88

Cervical enlargement

Front 89

This is the enlargement of the spinal cord where nerved to the pelvic limb are attached

Back 89

Lumbar enlargement

Front 90

This is the tapered end of the spinal cord

Back 90

Conus medullaris

Front 91

This is the fibrous cord derived from the conus to the caudal vertebrae

This aids as anchor of the spinal cord

Back 91

Filum terminale

Front 92

This is the structure formed by the nerve roots leaving the caudal part of the spinal cord

Back 92

Cauda eqiuna

Front 93

The dorsal groove extending the leght of the dorsal surface of the spinal cord

Back 93

Dorsal median fissure

Front 94

The groove extending the length of the ventral surface of the spinal cord

Back 94

Ventral median fissure

Front 95

The nerve cell bodies and synapse organized into the letter h

Back 95

Gray matter

Front 96

The axons running up and down the cord of the fascicuki

The tracts connect the brain and interconnect the various spinal segments of the cord

Myelin gives its white color

Back 96

White matter

Front 97

These are axons that travel up the cord

Back 97

Ascending tracts

Front 98

These are axons of the nerve cell bodies in the brain

Travel down the cord

Back 98

Descending tracts

Front 99

The root bringing sensory fibers to the spinal cord

Back 99

Dorsal root

Front 100

A swelling on the dorsal root containing the cell bodies

Back 100

Dorsal root ganglion

Front 101

This carry the motor fibers from cell bodies in the spinal cord

Back 101

Ventral root

Front 102

Extends dorsal to innervate deep muscles and skin above transverse process of vertibrates

Back 102

Dorsal branch

Front 103

Supplies the muscles and skin of the limbs and the lateral and ventral areas of the trunk

Back 103

Ventral branch

Front 104

Connects the spinal nerves to the autonomic nervous system

Back 104

Communicating branches

Front 105

A delicate connective tissue

Back 105

Endoneurium

Front 106

A connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles of endonerium covered nerve fibers

Back 106

Perineurium

Front 107

A bundle of fibers surrounded by the perineurium

Back 107

Fascicle

Front 108

This connecting tissue covering the entire spinal nerves

Back 108

Epineurium

Front 109

Portion of the nervous system operating involuntarily

Regulates smooth muscle cardiac muscele ... E!regency situations

Regulates heart rate

Controlled by reflex arcs

Back 109

ANS

Front 110

These are fixed involuntary response to certain stimuli

Means of protection

Back 110

Reflex arcs

Front 111

Found in the smooth muscle cardiac muscle glands

Controlled by ANS

Have dual innervation Sympa and para

Back 111

Visceral effectors

Front 112

Carry stimuli from visceral effector

Cell body located in dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

Back 112

ANS sensory neurons

Front 113

Carry motor impulses to visceral effector by 2 motor neurons

Back 113

ANS motor

Front 114

Pushing down on the back of dog

Back 114

Standing reflex

Front 115

Displacement of the part of the body

Back 115

Attitudinal reflex

Front 116

Dropping an inverted cat

Back 116

Righting reflex

Front 117

Pushing a supported dog

Back 117

Hopping reflex

Front 118

Found in the tunics submucosa

Important in controlling the secretions of the epithelial cells

Back 118

Meissner plexus

Front 119

Found in the longitudinal muscle layer and circular muscle layer

Controls gastrointestinal movement

Back 119

Auerbach plexus