Anat 3 | Abdomen, Kidney, Genitals

Front 1

4 muscles of the abdomen

Back 1

EO

IO

Transversus abdominus

Rectus abdominus

*Pyramidalis

Front 2

Orientation of external oblique

Back 2

Obliquely downward and medially

Front 3

Rectus abdominis whose lateral borders convex to form

Back 3

Linea semilunaris

Front 4

Abdominal muscle oriented upward and medial

Back 4

Internal oblique

Front 5

Conjoint tendon splits to form

Back 5

Rectus sheath

Front 6

Conjoint tendon formed by 2 muscles

Back 6

IO

Transversus abdominis

Front 7

Union of aponeurosis of external oblique and anterior layer of IO forms

*above the arcuate line

Back 7

Anterior wall of the rectus sheath

Front 8

Union of aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis and posterior layer of IO

*above the arcuate line

Back 8

Posterior wall of the rectus sheath

Front 9

What muscle contributes to the posterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

Back 9

Transversalis fascia

Front 10

Muscles found in the rectus sheath

Back 10

Rectus abdominis

Pyramidalis

Front 11

Blood supply of the abdominal muscles

Back 11

Superior epigastric

Inferior epigastric

Deep circumflex iliac

*same as venous

*drains to internal thoracic, external iliac

Front 12

Boundaries of Hesselbach's triangle

Back 12

Inf epigastric artery - sup/lateral

Inguinal/Poupart's ligament - inferior/lateral

Rectus abdominis - medial

Front 13

Contents of inguinal canal found in both males and femalez

Back 13

Ilioinguinal nerve

L1

Front 14

Difference between indirect and direct inguinal hernia

Back 14

Congenital

Narrow neck of hernial sac

Lateral to inferior epigastic vessels

Enters the scrotum

Front 15

Hernia covered only by external spermatic fascia

Back 15

Direct inguinal hernia

Front 16

Cremaster muscle is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall

Back 16

Interior oblique

Front 17

Dartos muscle is derived from what layer of the abdominal wall

Back 17

Superficial fascia

Front 18

Tunia vaginalis is derived from what layer of abdominal wall

Back 18

Peritoneum

Front 19

Spinal nerve which supplies the cremasteric reflex

Back 19

L1

Front 20

Nerves that supply the sensory and motor function for the cremasteric muscle

Back 20

Femoral of genitofemoral - afferent

Genital of genitofemoral - efferent

Front 21

8 retroperitoneal organs

Back 21

Pancreas

Ureter

Kidney

IVC

Duodenum - 2nd-4th

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Abdominal aorya

Front 22

Subdivision of the peritoneal cavity that lies posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

Back 22

Omental bursa

Lesser sac

Front 23

Boundaries of Formanen of Winslow

*communication between lesser and greater sac

Back 23

Ant: Hepatoduodenal ligament

*portal vein + hepatic artery + bilr duct

Post: IVC

Sup: Caudate lobe

Inf: Superior duodenum

Front 24

3 parts of the omentum

Back 24

Gastrophrenic

Gastrosplenic

Gastrocolic

Front 25

Peritoneal reflection that supports hollow viscous to body wall

Back 25

Mesentery

Front 26

Peritoneal reflections that connects viscera to each other

Back 26

Ligaments

Front 27

Rebound tenderness

Guarding

Signs of what condition ?

Back 27

Inflammation of parietal peritoneum

Front 28

Structures penetrated by midline paracentesis

Back 28

Skin

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

Linea alba

Transversalis fascia

Extraperitoneal fat

Parietal peritoneum

Front 29

Lateral paracentesis will injure the ?

Back 29

Inferior epigastric artery and above deep circumflex arteru

Front 30

2 unpaired arteries of the abdominal aorta

*terminal branches

Back 30

Common iliac

Median sacral

Front 31

3 branches of the celiac artery

Back 31

Left gastric

Splenic artery - L gastroepiploic, Short gastric

Hepatic - Right gastric, R/L hepatic, gastroduodenal (R gastroepiploic, superior pancreaticoduodenal)

Front 32

Foregut is supplied by what artery

Back 32

Celiac trunk

Front 33

Collateral circulation formed by celiac artery occlusion in aortic aneurysm

Back 33

Pancreaticoduodenal branches of SMA

Gastroduodenal

Front 34

All veins drain to the IVC except

Back 34

L suprarenal

L gonadal

Front 35

4 portal-caval anastomoses

Back 35

Esophageal of L gastric = esophageal of azygous

Superior rectal = middle/inferior rectal

Paraumbilical

Colic veins = retroperitoneal veins

Front 36

Length of the esophagus

Back 36

10inch

25cm

Front 37

3 esophageal constrictions

Back 37

Pharyngoesophageal 18cm/7.2cm

Thoracic 28cm/11.2

Diaphragmatic 44cm/17.2

*sites of carcinoma

Front 38

Innervation of the anterior esophagus

Back 38

Left vagus

*LARP

Front 39

Condition caused by incompetent esophageal spinchter

Subternal burning pain

Back 39

GERD

Front 40

Mechanism of achalasia

Back 40

Smooth muscle fails to relax

Dilated esophagus

Front 41

4 types of diaphragmatic hernia

Back 41

Congenital - L posterolateral part

Hiatal - esophageal hiatus

Paraesophageal

Restrosternal

Front 42

Purpose of Sengstaken-Blakemore Balloon insertion

Back 42

Esophageal hemorrhage from esophageal varices

Gastric balloon anchors tube against esophageal gastric

Front 43

Distance between the external orifices of the nose and stomach

Back 43

17.2 inch

44cm

Front 44

Capacity of stomach

Back 44

1.5L

Front 45

Function of stomach

Back 45

Food blender and reservior

Enzymatic digestion

Front 46

Wide part of pylorus

Back 46

Pyloric antrum

Front 47

Sharp indentation which approximates the junction of the body and pyloric part of the stomach

Back 47

Angular incisure/notch

Front 48

Location of the cardiac orifice on the surface anatomy of the stomach

Back 48

6th left costal cartilage

T10-T11

Front 49

Location of the fundus of the stomach

Back 49

5th left rib MCL

Front 50

Location of pyloric antrum

Back 50

9th CC

L1

Front 51

Location of the pyloric canal

Back 51

L2-L4

Front 52

Blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach

Back 52

R/L gastric arteries

Front 53

Blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach

Back 53

R/L gastroepiploic arteries

Front 54

Fundus of the stomach is supplied by

Back 54

Short f

gastric

Front 55

Sympathetic innervation of the stomach is from what segment of the spinal cord

Back 55

T6-T9

Front 56

MC location of gastric ulcers

Back 56

Lesser curvature

Front 57

MC location of gastric carcinomas

Back 57

Pylorus

Front 58

Length of the duodenum

Back 58

10inch

25cm

Front 59

4 divisions of the duodenum

Back 59

Superior - 5cm, L1

Descending - 7-10cm, R sides of L1-L3

Horizontal - 6-8cm, L3

Ascending - 5cm, L2-L3

Front 60

MC location of duodenal ulcers

Back 60

Anterior wall of the first part of the duodenum

Front 61

Hemetemesis is bleeding from where ?

Back 61

Proximal to ligament of Trietz

Front 62

Length of jejenum and ileum

Back 62

6-7m long

Front 63

Blood supply of jejenum and ileum

Back 63

SMA at L1

Arterial arcade

Vasa recta

Front 64

4 differences between jejenum and ileum

Back 64

Greater vascularity

Less fat

Large and tall plicae circularis - Valves of Kerckring

Less Peyer's patches

Front 65

MC part of SI involved in intussusception

Back 65

Ileocecal

Front 66

Ventral pancreatic bud forms what ?

Back 66

Head

Uncinate process

Front 67

Duct of Wirsung joins bile duct to form

Back 67

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 68

Duct of Santorini drains into

Back 68

Main pancrearic duct

Front 69

5 ligaments of the liver

Back 69

Falciform

Coronary

R/L triangular ligament

Ligamentum teres - quadrate (GB)

Ligamentum venosum - caudate (IVC)

Front 70

Contents of the portal triad

Back 70

Portal vein

Hepatic artery

Bile duct

Front 71

Maneuver which controls hemorrhage of the liver by clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament

Back 71

Pringle's maneuver

Front 72

Function of the gallbladder

Back 72

Receives, stores and concentrate bile by absorbing water and salt

Front 73

Capacity of the bladder

Back 73

30-50ml

Front 74

Part of the gallbladder which gave rise to cystic duct

Back 74

Neck

Front 75

Infunfibulum of the GB found at the junction between neck and cystic duct

Back 75

Hartmann's pouch

Front 76

Components of the Triangle of Calot

Back 76

Liver (sup)

Cystic duct (inf)

Common hepatic duct (medial)

Front 77

Common site of impacted gallstone

Back 77

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

*referred pain in the epigastric region

Front 78

Stone blocking the cystic duct causes what kind of pain

Back 78

Biliary colic

Front 79

Thickened bands of muscles seen in the large intestine

Back 79

Taenia coli

Front 80

Longest part of the large intestine

Back 80

Transverse colon

15 inches

Front 81

Blind ended pouch situated in the R iliac fossa

Back 81

Cecum

2.5

Front 82

Location of McBurney's point

Back 82

Location of appendix

Base situated 1/3 of the way up the line joining ASIS to the umbilicus

Front 83

MC position of the appendix

Back 83

Retrocecal

Front 84

Injured nerve during appendectomy manifesting as weakening of the abdominal wall

Back 84

Iliohypogastric

Front 85

At what level does the sigmoid colon become the rectum

Back 85

S3

Front 86

Left sided colicky pain

Abdominal distention

Hematochezia

What condition?

Back 86

Sigmoid volvulus

Front 87

Differences between upper and lower anal canal

Back 87

With anal columns

Columnar epithelium - stratified squamous

Sensitive to stretch - pain/temp/touch

Superior rectal A/V - inferior

Inferior mesenteric LN

Front 88

Internal vs external hemorrhoids

Back 88

Painless vs painful

Covered by mucosa vs skin

Internal rectal venous plexus

Front 89

Remant of the proximal portion of the yolk stalk

Arises from the antimesenteric border of ileum

Back 89

Meckel's diverticulum

Rule of 2

Front 90

Defects in the migration and differentiation of neural crest cell results in what GI condition?

Back 90

Achalasia

Front 91

Innervation/blood supply summary

Back 91

Front 92

Muscle of the loin

Back 92

Psoas major

Front 93

Insertion of psoas and iliacus

Back 93

Lesser trochanter of femur

Front 94

3 coverings of the kidney

Back 94

Perirenal fat

Gerota's

Pararenal fat

Front 95

Anastatomosis done in renal transplantation

Back 95

Renal artery to internal iliac artery

Renal vein to external iliac vein

Front 96

Match layer of adrenal gland layer and hormone

Back 96

Glomerulosa - aldosterone

Fasciculata - cortisol

Reticularis - androgens

Front 97

Adrenal cortex derived from ?

Medulla derived from ?

Back 97

Mesoderm

Neural crest

Front 98

Adrenal medulla secretes what hormone ?

Back 98

Catecholamine

Epi/NE

Front 99

All veins drain into the IVC except

Back 99

L gonadal

L adrenal

Front 100

Excessive androgen production

Causes masculinization in females

Back 100

CAH

Front 101

Lining of ureter

Back 101

Transitional epithelium

Front 102

Ureter in males ?

Ureter in females ?

Back 102

Vas deferens

Beneath broad ligament crossed by uterine artery

Front 103

3 pelvic sites at risk for surgery

Back 103

Ureter lies medial to ovarian vessel

Inferior to uterine vessels

Lateral to cervix

Front 104

Renal colic is referred pain over which dermatomes

Back 104

T11-L2

Front 105

Base of the male UB separated from rectum by the

Back 105

Denonvillier's fascia

Front 106

Maximum capacity of the UB

Back 106

500ml

Front 107

Neck of the bladder held in position by

Back 107

Puboprostatic and pubovesical ligament

Front 108

Nerves responsible for bladder emptying

Back 108

Pelvic splanchnic

S2, S3, S4

Front 109

Primitive organ which contributes to the genital system

Back 109

Mesonephros

Front 110

Metanephros becomes the

Back 110

Permanent kidneys

Front 111

Ureter

Renal pelvis and calices

Collecing duct

Derived from?

Back 111

Ureteric bud

Front 112

Metanephric tubule gives rise to

Back 112

Renal corpuscle

PCT

Loop of Henle

DCT

Front 113

Fate of the urogenital sinus

Vesicle ?

Pelvic ?

Phallic ?

Back 113

Urinary bladder

Urethra, prostatic and membranous parts, lower part of the vagina

Genital tubercle, external genitalia

Front 114

Borders of the pelvic inlet

Back 114

Ant - symphysis pubis

Lat - iliopectineal line

Post - sacral promontory

Front 115

Borders of pelvic outlet

Back 115

Ant - pubic arch

Lat - ischial tuberosities

Post - tip of coccyx

Front 116

Different between female and male pelvis

Back 116

Less curved

Wider sciatic notch

Everted ischial tuberosity

Oval shape

Front 117

From sacral promontory to the superior margin of the pubic symphysis

What conjugate?

Back 117

True conjugate

Front 118

From sacral promontory to the inferior margin of pubic symphysis

What conjugate?

Back 118

Diagnonal conjugate

Front 119

Distance between ischial tuberosities

Back 119

Transverse diameter

Front 120

Distance between ischial spines

Back 120

Interspinous diameter

<9.5cm

Front 121

Common contents of the pelvic cavity in males and females

Back 121

Urinary bladder

Ureter

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Front 122

Contents of the lesser sciatic foramen

Back 122

Pudendal nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

Internal pudendal vessel

Tendon of obturator internus

Front 123

3 muscles which compose the levator ani

Back 123

Iliococcygeus

Pubococcygeus

Puborectalis

Front 124

Action of the levator ani

Back 124

Muscular support

Increases intraabdominal pressure for defecation, vomiting

Supports the head of the baby during expulsion

Front 125

3 conditions due to pelvic diaphragm weaknrss

Back 125

Uterine prolapse

Cystocoele

Rectocoele

Front 126

2 triangles of the perineum

Back 126

Urogenital

Anal

Front 127

Components of the perineal body

Back 127

Bulbospongiosus

EAS

Ischiocavernous

Front 128

2 perineal fascia

Back 128

Superficial - Colle's

Deep - Perineal membrane

Front 129

Common structures in male and female superficial perineal space

Back 129

Bulbospongiosus

Ischiocavernosus

Perineal body

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

Front 130

Benefit of mediolateral episiotomy

Back 130

Less risk in incising the fibers of the EAS

Front 131

Posterior branches of the internal iliac artery

Back 131

Iliolumbar

Lateral sacral

Superior gluteal

Front 132

Vertebral roots of pudendal nerve

Back 132

S2

S3

S4

Front 133

Anatomic landmark for doing pudendal block anesthesia

Back 133

Ischial spine

Front 134

Motor function of the pudendal nerve

Back 134

Voluntary fecal and urinary incontinence

Maintain erection

Expulsion of urine from penile urethra

Front 135

Indifferent stage lasts until what week

Back 135

7th week of development

Front 136

Gonadal sex is determined by

Back 136

TDF on Y chromosome

SRY gene

Front 137

At 8th week what cell secretes androgenix hormones which induces masculine differentiation

Back 137

Leydig/Interstitial cells

Front 138

What cells secrete MIH to inhibit development of paramesonephric duct

Back 138

Sertoli cells

Front 139

2 androgenic hormones

Back 139

Testosterone

Androstenodione

Front 140

Derivatives of the mesonephric duct

Back 140

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Ejaculatory duct

Front 141

Derivatives of the paramesonephric duct

Back 141

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Vagina

Front 142

All primary oocytes are formed by ?

Back 142

5th month

*arrested at various stages of oogenesis

Front 143

Primary oocytes are arrested in what stage ?

Back 143

Prophase of Meiosis I

Front 144

After puberty primary oocyte develops into ?

*during menstruation

Back 144

Secondary oocyte

1st polar body

Front 145

What changes does the secondary oocyte undergo ?

Back 145

Metaphase of Meiosis II

*develops at fertilization

Front 146

At what stage of development does implantation happen

Back 146

Blastocyst

Front 147

What reaction triggered by sperm penetrating zona pellucida

Back 147

Acrosome reaction

Acrosin

Front 148

Steps of fertilization and initiation of cleavage

Back 148

Blastula with blastomeres

Combine to form morula by undergoing compaction

Front 149

Timeline of ovulation to implantation

Back 149

Fertilization 12-24hrs

2 cell stage 30 hrs

Morula 3 days

Blastocyst 5 days

Implantation 7 days

Front 150

Preferred site of implantation of the embryo

Back 150

Posterior superior wall of the uterus

Functional layer of the endometrium during the secretory phase

Front 151

Function of the epididymis

Back 151

Storage and maturation of sperm cell

Front 152

Capacity of the gallbladder

Back 152

30-50ml

Front 153

MC location of cryptorchid testis

Back 153

Inguinal canal

Front 154

Descent of the testis occurs when

Back 154

26-28 wks: descended retroperitoneally to the deep inguinal rings due to enlargement of the fetal pelvis

Front 155

Length of the vas deferens

Back 155

18in, 45cm

Front 156

Vas deferens combine with seminal vesicle to form

Back 156

Ejaculatory duct

Front 157

Source of alkaline phosphatase in the semen

Back 157

Seminal vesicle

Front 158

Prostate lobe palpable by DRE

Back 158

Posterior

Lateral *largest

Front 159

Calcified secretions from the glandular area surrounding the prostatic urethra

Back 159

Corpora amylacea

Front 160

Largest accessory gland of the body

Back 160

Prostate

*walnut shaped

Front 161

BPH commonly occurs in the

Back 161

Periurethral zone

Front 162

Prostate adenocarcinomas typically present in the

Back 162

Peripheral

Posterior

Front 163

Histology of female genital organ

Back 163

Simple cuboidal

Front 164

Inner cortex of the ovaries contain the

Back 164

Ovarian follicles

Front 165

Length of the fallopian tube

Back 165

4in

10cm

Front 166

Widest part of the fallopian tube

Back 166

Ampulla

*isthmus

Front 167

Measurement of uterus

Back 167

3inch long

2inch wide

1inch thick

Front 168

Normal postion of the uterus

Back 168

Anteversion (along the long axis of the vagina)

Anteflexed (body of the uterus on the cervix)

Front 169

Lymph drainage of the vagina

Back 169

Upper 3rd - int/ext iliac

Middle 3rd - internal iliac

Lower 3rd -superficial

Front 170

Labioscrotal swellings to develop to form what in male and female ?

Back 170

Scrotum

Labia majora (labial commisures)

Front 171

Homologue of urogenital folds

Back 171

Penis, spongy urethra

Labia minora, frenulim