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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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is the identification of a sample's components |
Qualitative Analysis |
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identity of the substance present in a sample |
Qualitative Analysis |
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what makes up ionic compounds |
cation anion |
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the seperation of ions in solution can be accomplushed by the addition of a |
precipitating agent |
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how does precipitating agent reacts |
selectively |
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the solid produced by adding precipitating agent can be removed from the liquid by |
Centrifugation Decanting |
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Because many ions may behave similarly seperation of individual ions from a complex mixture is |
Not usually possible |
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what group of ions can be sperated by precipitation |
Similar reactivuty |
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the most common reaction to confirm the presence of ions in solution |
Precipitation and Complexation |
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an ion in solution reacts with an added reagebt to form a solid |
Precipitation Reaction |
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Whether a solid will form from a given reaction can be predicted by the |
Solubility Product constant |
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are the equilibrium constants for dissolution of an insoluble ionic solid in water |
Solubility product constant |
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Implies that the compound does not dissolve to an appreciable degree in water |
Low Solubility product constant |
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if steps have been taken to remove ions that form competing precipitates, the presence of----- can be used to confirm the presence of a given ion |
properly colored solid |
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Anions tend not to group themselves as well as cations so we rely more for their identification on individual tests called |
Elimination and confirmation tests |
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total process of seprating and identifying ions is a |
qualitative analysis |
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produce insoluble chlorides so they can be precipitated with dilute HCl while all other cations remained in the solutions |
Group 1 Cations |
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group 1 cations produces |
insoluble chlorides |
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produces very insoluble sulphides so they can be precipitated by low amounts of sulphide ions and this is achieved by adding an acidic solution of H2S |
group 2 cations |
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what does group 2 cations produces |
Very insoluble sulphides |
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Ksp value of group 2 cations |
<10^-30 |
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produces slightly solluble sulphides so they can be precipitated by relatively high amounts of sulphide ion tjis is achieved by adding a nasic solution of H2S |
Group 3 Cations |
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what does group 3 cations produces |
slightly soluble sulphides |
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ksp of group 3 cations |
<10^-20 |
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produces insoluble carbonates so they can be precipitated by addition of carbonate once the ions of the first 3 groups have been removed. |
Group 4 Cations |
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group 1-3 ions have similar rections with |
Carbonates |
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do not precipitate with any of the above reagents |
group 5 cations |
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called the chloride group because they sparinglh soluble to insoluble precipitates with chloride ions |
•Silver •Mercury I •Lead II |
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Silver, mercuryI, and lead II produces what solid |
White Solid |
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what buffer is added in group 2 cations |
Ammonia or Ammonium Buffer |
