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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st Continental Congress
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56 delegates, each state (minus Georgia) sent representitives, met about intollerable acts
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1st Continental Congress leaders
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A) Radicals- Lee, John Adams
B) Conservative- Randolf (head of Continental Cong.) |
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1st Continental Congress decisions
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1) boycott England, no imports or exports
2) militias are to start drilling 3) meet again in Sept 1774 |
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Whiggs
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won the great revolution of 1688, inspiration for colonists
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Thomas Gauge
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general sent to the colonies from Brittian to keep order
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Hancock
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richest man in Mass., befriends Sam Adams, funds Adams
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April 18, 1775
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Revier and Davis warn about Brittish invasion
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April 19, 1775
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"Shot heard around the world", minutemen flee after 8 are killed and several are wounded
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Battle of Conquer
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1st victory for colonists, fired on Brittish troops from hidden positions between Lexington and Conquer, Brittian loses over 300 troops, traps Brittain in Boston
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May 10, 1775
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2nd Continental Congress, Hancock led Cont Cong again, called for colonies to send men for Continental Army
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Charles H. Lee
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favored to lead Continental Army
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George Washington
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wore unifom to all meetings, choosen to lead the Continental Army
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June 1775
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congress approves to send the Olive Branch Petition to England
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Olive Branch Petition
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agreed to accept English rule rule but demanded self govt. if accepted or a rebellion would occur
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June 1776
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Thomas Payne wrote "Common Sense" urging colonists to declare independance, Brittish began encouraging indians to fight, Brittish hire foreign mercenaries (hired troops from the German state of Hesse)
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June 7, 1776
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Richard H. Lee introduces resolution to declare independance
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John Dickenson
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wrote Olive Branch Petition, opposed Lee's resolution
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July 4, 1776
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signing of Declaration
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Torries
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colonists loyal to England during the war (in NY and the south)
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Conservatives
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led by Washington, only wanted to changed govt. and gain independance
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Liberal/Radicals
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led by Jefferson, sees an opportunity to alter society
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Articles of Confederation
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1777, sent to colonists to be ratified, created a new house govt., all colonies are given one vote, can't raise taxes, into effect after Maryland ratifies in 1781
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American Advantages in Revolutionary War
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1) home field advantage
2) motivation 3) military leaders 4) fighting a defensive war |
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American Disadvantages in the Revolutionary War
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1) lack of trusts between states
2) poverty |
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Fort Tichonderoga
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Benedict Ardold and Lee attack and capture, gain cannons
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Bunker Hill
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colonists fire on Brittish from a hill, won by Brittish because colonists ran out of ammo
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Spring 1776
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cannons arrive in Boston, Brittish flee to Nova Scotia
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Fall 1776
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invades Canada to gain support, America loses
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William Howe
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Brittish commander, replaces Gage, aspires to capture NY abd Hudson, defeats Washington
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Dec. 24, 1776
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Washington crosses Deleware and counter attacks next morning, complete victory at Trenton
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1777
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Howe pulls troops from NY against orders
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Von Staben
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Prussian military officer, aided Washington in drilling troops
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Johnny Burgandy
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led Brittish troops from Canada down the Hudson, had 8000 troops and lost 7000 at Tichonderoga
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Gates and Arnold
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led campaign against Burgandy, Gates takes all credit
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Henry Clinton
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takes Howe's position due to his disobedience of orders
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US alliances
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1778- France
1779- Spain 1780- Netherlands |
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Monmouth
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battle of Clinton and Washington, ended in a draw, hottest day recorded caused a majority of the casualties
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1778
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Brittish troops invade Georgia, led by Cornwallace, then head north
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Benedict Arnold
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first american traitor, plot failed when plans dropped on the road
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de Lafayette
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frenchman, commander of Virginia army, lost one battle then immitated Gates's fight tactics
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Oct 17, 1781
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Cornwallace is surrounded, Brittain agrees to negotiations in Paris
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Gates
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used gorilla tactics and took supply items
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American delegates
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Franklin, Adams, Jay
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France and Spain
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conspire against US, wanted to gain territory and keep US small
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Treaty of Paris
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sets boundry at the Miss, independance is officially gained, northern boundry at Great Lakes, southern boundry at 31 parallel
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Jay Gardocky Treaty
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US gets Florida but agrees to stay out of the New Orleans port against Congress wishes, congress rejects treaty
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Northwestern Ordinance of 1784
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it is up to congress to divide new territories into states and give them the equality of other states
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Northwestern Ordinance of 1785
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divide territories into townships, auctioned town lots of 1 acre, creates a standardized record keeping system, lot 16 is used for education and 5 are given to govt
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Northwestern Ordinance of 1787
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Wis, Mich, Ohio, Indiana, and Ill. boundries are created
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States
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1) organized by fed. govt.
2) when territory gains 5000 male inhabitants it is allowed legislation 3) 60000 total is allowed to draft a proposed state constitution 4) forbids slavery in NW territories |
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Massachusetts
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taxes farmers to pay off debt, starts a revolution
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Shea
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leader of farmers
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Alexander Hamilton
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discusses need for stronger central govt
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James Madison
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creates Virginia Plan and Large State Plan
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Virginia Plans
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calls for a strong national congress (3 branches, 2 houses)
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Large State Plan
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more populous states get more delegates
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New Jersey Plan
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each state has equal representitives
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John Dickenson
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proposed mixed plan but only had one branch of govt
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Great Compramise
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Sherman restates Dickenson with plan
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3/5 Compramise
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slaves would count as 3/5 a person, congress can't tax exports
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Supremacy Clause
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federal govt is ultimately supreme over state
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Federalist Papers
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collection of essays, states that a strong national govt is needed (supported by Hamilton and Madison)
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New York City
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first capital, Washington and Hamilton are first elected
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Bill of Rights
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promised by Madison, first 10 amendments
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Judiciary Acts
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sets uo the court system we have today
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John Jay
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first justice over the Supreme Court
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Thomas
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first secretary of state
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Hamilton
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first secretary of treasury, calls for a national bank, tax program, and for states to pay debt, taxes whiskey
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Henry Knox
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first secretary of war, fort knox is named for
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Elastic Clause
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grants govt permission to intervein if it is necessary
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Jefferson
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opposed to Hamilton's idea of a national bank
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Republicans (Jeffersonians)
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want to strictly abide to the constitutionand limit federal govt power, profrance
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Federalists/Democrats (Hamiltonians)
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probrittish
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Adams
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wins vice presidency, federalist/democrat, democrats gain control of house
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Whiskey Rebellion
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farmers create militia, attacked by Hamilton and his army, 3 killed
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Supremacy Clause
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federal govt is ultimately supreme over state
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Federalist Papers
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collection of essays, states that a strong national govt is needed (supported by Hamilton and Madison)
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New York City
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first capital, Washington and Hamilton are first elected
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Bill of Rights
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promised by Madison, first 10 amendments
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Judiciary Acts
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sets uo the court system we have today
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John Jay
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first justice over the Supreme Court
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Thomas
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first secretary of state
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Hamilton
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first secretary of treasury, calls for a national bank, tax program, and for states to pay debt, taxes whiskey
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Henry Knox
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first secretary of war, fort knox is named for
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Elastic Clause
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grants govt permission to intervein if it is necessary
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Jefferson
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opposed to Hamilton's idea of a national bank
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Republicans (Jeffersonians)
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want to strictly abide to the constitutionand limit federal govt power, profrance
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Federalists/Democrats (Hamiltonians)
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probrittish
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Adams
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wins vice presidency, federalist/democrat, democrats gain control of house
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Whiskey Rebellion
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farmers create militia, attacked by Hamilton and his army, 3 killed
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"Mad" Anthony Wayne
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given command to fight off indians, "Battle of Fallen Timbers"
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Treaty of Greenville
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forces indians west of the Miss
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Jackobins
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ask US for help in French revolution, US remains neutral
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Citizen Edmond Ginea
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Jackobin Ambassador, arrives in south and begins hiring US pirates
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John Jay
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sent to negotiate national affairs (naval)
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Jay's Treaty
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brittish must leave american forts, brittish can continue capturing US ships, Brittain will only pay after debt retribution
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Thomas Pinkney
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sent to negotiate with spain, spain fears us/brittish alliance
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Pinkney's Treaty
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opened port of New Orleans, set boundry of Florida, allowed storage of goods in NO
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Washington's Resolution
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1) country should avoid creating political parties
2) country should avoid entering foreign alliances 3) don't allow foreign countries to meddle in US affairs |
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Randolf
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secretary of state, fired for taking money from France in their suppor against Jay's treaty
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Adams/Pinkney vs. Jefferson/Burr
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Adams wins popular vote, Adams wins presidency, Jefferson becomes vice president
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James Monroe
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US ambassador to France, replaces Pinkney
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Marshall, Jay, Pinkney
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sent to negotiate with France, "XYZ Affiar"
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Napolean
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compramises with the US to end unofficial naval war, ends treaty with france and accepts freedom of seas
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Federalists
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pass 3 laws (alien act, sedition act, naturalization act)
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alien act
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immigrants that are deemed dangerous can immediately be deported
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naturalization act
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increases the waiting period to become a US citizen to 14 years
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sedition act
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any words that show disrespect to congress or the president can lead to incarceration
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Matthew Lyon
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sent to jail for slandering Jefferson
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compact
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voluntary agreement entered into by the states
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Kentucky Resolution
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declares each state has the power to enforce/unenforce federal law
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Mandamus
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order directing a govt official to take a certain act
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Marberry vs Madison
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first time supreme court makes the decision on grounds of the constitution
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USS Constitution
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"iron sides", ship in the US navy made of oak, led attack on barbarry states
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Monroe
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sent to france to aid livingston in negotiation to buy louisiana territory
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Louisiana Purchase
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US land size doubles, purchased for 15 million
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Louis and Clark
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explorers, follow the Miss river and travel to the pacific ocean
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Zebulan Pike
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explored the miss r, descovers pikes peak, arrested in santa fe for trespassing
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Essex Junta
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group that wanted New England to seceed (including Burr and Pickering) as well as NY, Hamilton greatly opposes Burr as governor and he is not elected
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Burr
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murders Hamilton, flees and gains an army only to be arrested and acquitted
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The Essex
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american ship captured by Brittain, tried in a brittish court and was decided to have been legal
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Impresment Law
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people may be forced to be drafted in the brittish navy
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Chesapeek Affair
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the Leopard (brittish ship) attacks the Chesapeek and captures several of its members
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Embargo Act
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forbade the export to any foreign countries, and inadvertantle creates the US textile industry
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Madison
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became president after Jeffersons second term
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Nonintercourse Act
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trade is allowed but not to brittain and france until they repeal their trade laws
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Irkskin
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attempts to negotiate but it rejected by brittain, creates brittish mistrust in madison
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Macon's Bill Number Two
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allows trade until either brittain or france violates, results in boycott of brittain
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William Henry Harrison
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governor of indiana, conflicts heavily against indians
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Tacumpsa
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indian leader, attempts to unite indian tribes
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Battle of Tipee Canoe
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Harrison defeats Tacumpsa
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War Hawks
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wants to capture Canada to end brittish influence of indians
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Peace Hawks
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contrasts the war hawks
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War of 1812
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congress declares war on Brittain
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Battle of Thames River
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brittain is defeated and tacumpsa is killed
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Andrew Jackson
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defeated Creek indians in south alabama, after war invades florida
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Three Prong Attack
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1) brittish invaded washington dc and burned the white house but is defeated at fort mckinney (star spangled banner)
2) attacton the Great Lakes, brittain is defeated in the battle of Plaxburg 3) Jackson defeats Brittish in New Orleans |
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Heartford Convention
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concluded to repeal 2/3 lawand baring of new states
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Henry Clay and Quincy Adams
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American negotiators in brittain
1) brittish fear of another french war 2) brittish army was stopped in a stalemate |
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Treaty of Gent
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everything reverts to the way it was before the war
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Problems in US
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1) need of a new national bank
2) US industrialization competing with brittish trade 3) transportation |
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Felix Grundy
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first president of the new national bank
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Calhoun and the South
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vote in favor of brittish tax trade
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Bonus Bill
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designed to give internal finance, vetoed
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Era of Good Feelings
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period from the end of the revolutionary war until 1824 of peace and cooperation
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Rufus King vs Monroe
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Monroe wins presidency
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27th Amendment
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congressional pay raises would not be in effect until the following term
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Adams Onease Treaty
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US recieves florida but must pay 5 million in damages to spain
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Great Migration
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shift from east of the Appalacians to west
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Panic of 1819
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banks begin to be shut down by the national bank
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Missouri Compramise
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missouri enters as a slave state, maine enters as a free, sets mason-dixie line
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John Marshall
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last federalist in govt, makes decisions in several key cases
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Peck vs Fletcher
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state was overturned by federal
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Darkmyth College vs Woodworth
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contract clause upheld the charter and can't be changed by the state
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Daniel Webster
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represents Darkmyth College in court
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Spencer Rome
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argues states should have final say in state laws
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McCollagh vs Maryland
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argument of taxing federal govt bank, bank is constitutional but federal taxing is not
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