Am Gov Ch3 Federalism

Front 1

Primary models of government in the world prior to the Constitutional Convention:

Back 1

Unitary and

Confederated

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Unitary

Back 2

Power resides in central government; state or local governments act as vehicles to implement national laws

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Confederated:

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States and localities retain sovereign power, yielding only limited authority to the central government

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Federalism –

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power sharing arrangement between the national and state government in which

Some powers are granted to the national government alone

Some powers are reserved to the states

Some powers are held concurrently

Other powers are prohibited to both levels of government.

Front 5

How is power dispersed in American federalism?

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American federalism grants some powers to the national government while reserving others to the states. It allows some powers to be shared jointly while prohibiting both levels of government from exercising others.

Front 6

How have the powers of the national and state governments evolved over the nation’s history?

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Federalism is a dynamic system that at times has strengthened the national government (1789-1832 and 1937-1970s) and at other times has weakened it (1832-1860 and 1865-1937). The current era has been characterized by the devolution of power to the states and localities.

Front 7

What factors influence relations between national and state governments today?

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Fiscal relations

political relations

constitutional controls

legal controls

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Federalism features four major attributes of power arrangements:

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Enumerated powers

Reserved powers

Concurrent powers

Prohibited powers

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Enumerated powers -

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Granted to the federal government.

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Reserved powers

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Granted to the states.

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Concurrent powers

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Shared by federal and state governments.

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Prohibited powers

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Denied to both levels of government.

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Implied powers

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Powers necessary to carry out constitutionally enumerated functions of the government

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Police powers

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Authority States utilize to protect the Health and Welfare of their residents

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Nullification

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Doctrines that asserted the right of states to disregard Federal and actions with which they disagreed

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Dual federalism

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Approach to federal-state relationships that envisions each level of government as distinct and authoritative within its own sphere of action

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Cooperative federalism

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Federal-state relationship characteristic of the post-New Deal era that stressed state and federal partnership in addressing social problems

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Creative federalism

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Federal-state relationship that sought to involve local populations and cities directly in addressing Urban problems during the 1960's and 1970's

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Devolution

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A movement that gained momentum in the 1980s to Grant States greater authority over the local operation of federal programs and local use of federal funds

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Revenue sharing

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A grant program began in 1972 and ended in 1987 that funneled money directly to State and local governments on the basis of formulas the combined population figures with levels of demonstrated need

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Categorical grants

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Federal programs that provide funds for specific programs such as food assistance

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Block grants

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Federal programs that provide funds for broad categories of assistance such as welfare or law enforcement

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Federal mandates

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Federal requirements imposed on State and local governments, often as a condition for receiving grants

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Unfunded mandates

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Requirements imposed on State and local governments for which the federal government provides no funds for compliance

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Intergovernmental lobbies

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Professional advocacy groups representing various state and local governing bodies

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Full faith and credit

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Constitutional provision requiring each state to recognize legal transactions authorized in other states

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Privileges and immunities

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Constitutional phrase interpreted to refer to fundamental rights, such as freedom to make a living, and access to the political and legal processes of the state

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Interstate compacts

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Cooperative agreements made between states, subject to Congressional approval, to address Mutual problems

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Policy diffusion

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The spread of policy Innovation across jurisdictions