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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an allergic reaction
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it is an exaggerated response by the immune system to a foreign substance they can be a mild skin rash or severe
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Anaphylaxis
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an unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction
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hymenoptera
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any of an order of highly specialized insects such as bees and wasps
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How many deaths annually are related to anaphylaxis
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400-800
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what are the two most common causes of fatal anaphylaxis
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penicillin adn bee and wasp stings
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where can componants of the immune system be found
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blood
bone marrow lymphatic system |
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what is cellular immunity
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involves a direct attack of the foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune system these cells physically engulf the pathogen
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What is humoral immunity
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a chemical attack from antibodies
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What is an antigen
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andy substance capable of starting an immune response
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Primary response
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the first response to an antigen
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where can componants of the immune system be found
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blood
bone marrow lymphatic system |
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what is cellular immunity
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involves a direct attack of the foreign substance by specialized cells of the immune system these cells physically engulf the pathogen
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What is humoral immunity
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a chemical attack from antibodies
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What is an antigen
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andy substance capable of starting an immune response
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Primary response
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the first response to an antigen
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secondary response
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immune system that takes place if the body is exposed to the same antigen again
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natural immunity
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genetically predetermined immunity
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acquired immunity
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develops over time from exposure
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naturally acquired immunity
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immunity that begins to develop after birth
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induced active immunity
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immunity achieved through vaccination given to generate an immune response that results in the development of antibodies
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active immunity
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acquired immunity that occurs following exposure to an antigen and results in the production of antibodies specific for the antigen
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passive immunity
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acquired immunity that results from administration of antibodies either from mother to the infant across the placental barrier or through vaccination
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Sensitization
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initial exposure of a person to an antigen that results in an immune response
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hypersensitivity
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an enexpected and exaggerated reaction to a particular antigen, It is used synonymously with the term allergy
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allergy
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a hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen
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The antibody most commonly associated with hypersensitivity reactions is
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IgE
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What is Urticaria and what is it caused by
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a reaction characterized by red raised bumps that are due to vasodialation
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What does the histamine induce in allergic reactions
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vasodilation and bronchospasm
vascular permeability and increased intestinal motility |
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What is Desensitization
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this involves the administration of very small amounts of the antigen to a patient in a series of injections the amounts are increased until the immune response is blunted
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waht is SRS-A
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slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis which reluslt in an asthma like attack or asphyxia
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what are most antignes made of
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Proteins
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what is a secondary response
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this is when the person is experiencing an exposure for the second time
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how does anaphylaxis present
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laryngeal edema and bronchoconstriction
tachycardia plus massive vasodilation resulting in profound hypotension, flushing and urticaria are common, angioedema about the face and neck, N/V and diarrhea |
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what is the main chemical mediator of an allergic reaction
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histamine
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