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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antigen vs. Antibody |
Antigen- foreign invader Antibody- your body's cells that fight antigens |
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Allergies vs. Autoimmune disease |
Allergy- an overreaction to an antigen (foreign invader) A Type I hypersensitivity reaction.
Autoimmune disease- an overreaction to your own cells/tissues |
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Allergen |
An antigen that triggers an allergic reaciton |
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Hypersensitivity |
Your immune system overreacts to an antigen |
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Anaphylaxis |
An allergic reaction that causes instability in your patient |
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How many people die from anaphylaxis each year? |
500-1000 |
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What are risk factors to anaphylaxis? |
-History of allergies to anything (even if it isn't what you were exposed to today) -How bad you were the last time you had an anaphylactic reaction? -How much and how you were exposed to the allergen -How long it has been between exposures |
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Type I Hypersensitivity reaction |
Allergic reaction- IgE mediated histamine release |
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Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction |
The antibodies produced by the immune response bind to antigens on the body's own cell surfaces. Examples include Myasthenia Gravis, Graves Disease, and penicillin allergy |
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Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction
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occurs when antigen-antibody complexes that are not adequately cleared by innate immune cells accumulate, giving rise to an inflammatory response and attraction of leukocytes. Examples: Systemic lupus, reactive arthritis. AKA Immune complex disease. |
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Anaphylactoid reaction |
An anaphylaxis reaction that doesn't require the presence of IgE to occur (doesn't require a previous exposure) common agents are: NSAIDs, aspirin, and opiates. |
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Humoral immunity |
Proteins that float around in your blood and are part of the immune response. |
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Urticaria= |
hives |
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What are the two most common causes of fatal anaphylaxis? |
Bee and wasp stings and Injected pennicilin |
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What are the routes of exposure? |
Inhalation, Injection, Ingestion, |
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Immunoglobulins mneumonic |
Ig GAMED |
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When is histamine released? |
When IgE attached to the mast cells |
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What does Histamine do? |
Causes bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, vasodilation, vascular permeability |
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Red, warm, hypotensive has to be.... |
Distributive shock |
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Inflammation=? |
Increased vascular permeability (allows fluid to weep through the endothelial cells, causing inflammation) |
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Why would our body increase vascular permeability when there is inflammation? |
Lets the white blood cells get through, to the affected tissues in order to fight disease. |
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How does Benadryl work? |
Blocks the histamine receptor, not the release of the histamine. |
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How would we treat the increased vascular permeability? |
Steroids |
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What happens with multiple exposures? |
The response gets more brisk. |
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Passive immunity |
You have antibodies that you didn't make. |
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What are the two best predictors of how bad your anaphylactic patient will get today? |
How bad they got last time, and how fast their symptoms are progressing |
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Asthmatics are more likely to be allergic to what than the rest of the population? |
Aspirin (particularly male asthmatics) |
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What can trigger urticaria? |
Environmental/Food allergens, stress, genetic tendency, drugs, systemic illness |
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Anaphylaxis + Stridor=? |
Airway |
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Who gets epi? |
Chest pain, altered mental status, stridor |
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Who gets benadryl? |
Anyone with an allergic reaction |
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Contraindications to Epi? |
Cardiac/ HTN history |
