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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alkenes |
unsaturated hydrocarbons general formula CnH2n unsaturated=contains C=C bond hydrocarbon = c and h bond only |
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bonding |
triagonal planner 1 double bond 2 single bonds double bond formed by pi bond in the middle and sideways overlaping p obitals which makes sigma bonds both above and below |
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E/Z isomers |
stereo isomers same structure formulae different arrangement E- opposite sides of double bond Z - same side of opposite bond |
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addition of hydrogen to produce alkane |
C2H4 + H2 = C2H6 needs NI catalyst 1 mole of hydrogen per double bond used to produce margarine from vegetables |
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addition of halogens to produce dihalogenalkanes |
C2H6 + Br2 = CH2BrCH2Br 1,2 dibromoethene orange to colourless show presence of double bonds |
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addition of hydrogen halides to produce halogenalkanes |
C2H6 + HBr = CH3CH2Br |
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addition of steam to produce alchols |
C2H6 + H2O = CH3CH2OH needs story acid catalyst H3PO4 temp must be over 100c |
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procesing wate polymers |
mechanical recycling: wage polymers can be melted down and reused following separation into types however expensive to collect and sort combustion for energy production: waste polymers can me burnt as a fuel but this may produce toxic waste products feedstock recycling waste polymers can be cracked and the products can be used as fuels and other polymers |
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minimising enviromental damadge in polymer disposal |
combustion for energy production burning halogenated plastics such as pvcs produces toxic products like HCL however the hcl can be removed by gas scrubbers which dissolves in a spray of alkaline developing new polymers biodegradable polymers compostable polymer that will rot down made from isoprene maze and starch |
