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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crude oil |
Also called petroleum Mixture of alkanes Crude oil is separate into useful bits by fractional distillation |
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Fractional distillation |
1)crude oil is vaporised to 350C 2)vaporised crude oil goes to the bottom of the fractionating column and rises 3)largest hydrocarbons don’t vaporise -residue 4)crude oil gets cooler whilst going up-temperature gradient 5)boiling points of alkanes are different as the molecules are bigger so therefore each fraction condenses are different temperatures 6)lowest boiling points are gases |
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Uses of fractions |
Back (Definition) |
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Cracking |
The breaking of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller chains |
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Thermal cracking |
Takes place at 1000 degrees Celsius and 70atm Produces a lot of alkenes Used to make valuable products like polymers |
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Catalytic cracking |
Uses a zeolite catalyst- speeds up reaction saving time and money At 450 degrees Celsius Produces aromatic hydrocarbons and motor fuels |
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Complete combustion |
Burning alkanes in the presence of oxygen producing CO2 and H2 |
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Incomplete combustion |
Combustion in the presence of limited oxygen producing carbon monoxide or carbon and H2O |
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Carbon monoxide |
Poisonous Bonds to haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells as oxygen molecules Can be removed form exhaust gases by catalytic converters on cars |
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Carbon |
Cause breathing problems Build up in engines which causes cars to not work properly |
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Greenhouse gases |
Co2,CH4,NH4 Good at absorbing infrared radiation ,this emits the energy back towards the earth keeping it warm- greenhouse effect |
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Nitrogen oxide |
Poisonous + toxic NO^x N2+O2▶️2NO 2NO+O2▶️2NO2 |
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Ground layer ozone (O3) |
Component of smog Causes irritation of the eyes, respiratory problems, lung damage Formed from NOx and sunlight |
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Three main pollutants from vehicle exhausts |
Unburnt hydrocarbons, CO, NOx Catalytic converters remove these |
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Selfie dioxide |
SO2 Dissolves in the moisture and converted into sulphuric acid which causes acid rain- destroys vegetation and limestone Removed from power stations flue gases-calcium carbonate or calcium oxide is mixed with H2O to make alkaline slurry. Flue gases mix with the alkaline slurry to make a harmless salt CaSO3 |
