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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Dependence
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Physical dependence indicates an altered physiologic state caused by repeated administration of a drug, the cessation of which results in a specific syndrome.
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Define Abuse
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Use of any drug, usually by self-administration, in a manner that deviates from approved social or medical patterns.
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Define Misuse
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Similar to abuse, but usually applies to drugs prescribed by physicians that are not used properly.
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Define Addiction
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The repeated and increased use of a substance, the deprivation of which gives rise to symptoms of distress and an irresistible urge to use the agent again and which leads also to physical and mental deterioration. The term is no longer included in the official nomenclature, having been replaced by the term dependence, but it is a useful term in common usage.
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Define Intoxication
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A reversible syndrome caused by a specific substance (e.g., alcohol) that affects one or more of the following mental functions: memory, orientation, mood, judgment, and behavioral, social, or occupational functioning.
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Define Withdrawal
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A substance-specific syndrome that occurs after stopping or reducing the amount of the drug or substance that has been used regularly over a prolonged period of time. The syndrome is characterized by physiologic signs and symptoms in addition to psychological changes, such as disturbances in thinking, feeling, and behavior. Also called abstinence syndrome or discontinuation syndrome.
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Define Tolerance
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Phenomenon in which, after repeated administration, a given dose of drug produces a decreased effect or increasingly larger doses must be administered to obtain the effect observed with the original dose. Behavioral tolerance reflects the ability of the person to perform tasks despite the effects of the drug.
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Define Cross-tolerance
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Refers to the ability of one drug to be substituted for another, each usually producing the same physiologic and psychological effect (e.g., diazepam and barbiturates). Also known as cross-dependence.
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Define Neuroadaptation
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Neurochemical or neurophysiologic changes in the body that result from the repeated administration of a drug. Neuroadaptation accounts for the phenomenon of tolerance. Pharmacokinetic adaptation refers to adaptation of the metabolizing system in the body. Cellular or pharmacodynamic adaptation refers to the ability of the nervous system to function despite high blood levels of the offending substance.
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Codependence
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Term used to refer to family members affected by or influencing the behavior of the substance abuser. Related to the term enabler, which is a person who facilitates the abuser's addictive behavior (e.g., providing drugs directly or money to buy drugs). Enabling also includes the unwillingness of a family member to accept addiction as a medical-psychiatric disorder or to deny that person is abusing a substance.
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Alcohol Abuse
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A maladaptive pattern of drinking, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by at least one of the following occurring within a 12-month period:
1. Recurrent use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations 2. Recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous 3. Recurrent alcohol-related legal problems 4. Continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated alcohol use (Never met criteria for alcohol dependence.) |
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Alcohol Dependence
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A maladaptive pattern of drinking, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by three or more of the following occurring at any time in the same 12-month period:
1. Tolerance 2. Withdrawal 3. Impaired control (the persistent desire, or one or more unsuccessful efforts to cut down or to control drinking or drinking longer period than intended) 4. Neglect of activities 5. A great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain, to use, or to recover from the effects of drinking 6. Continued drinking despite knowledge of having a persistent physical or psychological problem that is likely to be caused or exacerbated by drinking |
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Alcohol Screening
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CAGE
Have you ever felt you ought to cut down on your drinking Have people annoyed you by mentioning your drinking Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover (eye-opener) History Assess for maladaptive pattern of substance use by recurrent and significant adverse consequences with repeated use Drinking and driving, failure to fulfill role obligation, DUI Tolerance, withdrawal, cravings, blackouts, other drug use/abuse, first time using |
