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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Investigative interview |
Major role in producing testimony, not done by memory experts so methods used aren't backed by research |
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Dando et al 2008 |
Questions can be closed, misleading and police officers are not trained enough |
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Geiselm & Raymond 1987, officers questioning |
Analysed officers - Interrupted on avg every 7 seconds - too directive and obtrusive |
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Cognitive interview |
Fisher & Gernstenn 1984 - 4 techniques: report everything, mental reinstatement of context, change temporal order technique, change perspective technique - good at gaining accurate info both general and specific |
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Stress & memory |
Trauma can impact recall, changes how much info is encoding from event |
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Recall study (Yuille & Cutshall 1980) |
- Mean recall accuracy of 93% of witnessing homicide and feeling high stress - 5 months later still 88% |
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Memory stages |
Encoding Storage Retrieval |
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Memory errors |
Omission Addition Rationalisation Change event order |
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Weapon focus |
Reducing correct recall as weapon is focused on instead of other key details (Kramer et al 1990) |
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Suggestibility when: |
Conformity Discussion Delay in retrieving memory Suggestive comments Suggestive personality Misinformation Influence/implementing |
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Delay between encoding and retrieval |
Gabbert, Hope, Fisher 2009 |
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Influence of discussion |
Gabbert et al 2003 - participants viewed a theft - More likely to report an unseen item of info after discussion - memory conformity |
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Suggestion vs suggestibility |
Hilgard 1991 - Suggestion is a type of influential communication - Suggestibility is the individual differences between those responsive to suggestion |
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How can suggestibility happen? |
Pre-event: Stereotypes, previous memories, schemas During: Co-witnesses Post-event: Social media, police, communication |
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Loftus study |
- Half participants given false info after an event - Misled participants report suggested info instead or with original info - Ayer & Reder, 1998, says this experiemnt is replicable but didnt find out underlying mechanisms |
