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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some of the aspects of memory that decline with aging.
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the ability to encode, store and recall information is typically reduced in older adults, in addition, the decline in memory affects recent memory more than immediate or remote.
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Define Superior Aging
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This may be said to by enjoyed by rare individuals, it is defined as "peak performance" reached at some point during adulthood.
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In age appropriate decline, scores are, what?
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they remain within the range that is normal for the age. This is also called age-associated memory impairment, benign senescent forgetfulness, and age-associated cognitive decline.
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Someone is said to be exhibiting Mild Cognitive Impairment if their scores are _____ _______ age adjusted norms on standardized tests but _____ ____ impairment.
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significantly below, without ADL
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In Dementia, the deterioration interferes with memory and what?
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Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
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Neurons can grow to be as old as their "owner". What does this imply?
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Each neuron is exposed to the cumulative effects of biological wear and tear throughout life. Maybe it's true, what doesn't kill ya makes you stronger?
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Aging depends on the interaction of what 3 variables?
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Time, DNA (genetic background) and stochastic encounters with stress, hypertension, oxidation, trauma etc.
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Aging itself may not cause age-related changes, but may increase/decrease the likelihood of encountering them.
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increase
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It is difficult to differentiate the inevitable consequences of aging from the cumulative (but preventable) impact of ______ ______.
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stochastic events. Doing so within the context of time is a very complex operation.
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True or false, normal aging is fairly consistent across individuals?
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False. Normal aging is characterized by a high level of interindividual variability.
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True or False. The rate of atrophy in the aging brain increases as we age.
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False-in the healthy aging brain (healthy being the operative word) the rate is consistent and healthy aging is associate with some loss of brain volume.
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True or False. "Old" brains have lost a lot of neurons and myelination is almost completely halted by the 7th decade.
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False. The loss of neurons is not massive and cortical myelinations has been shown to increase in the 7th decade of life.
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Does the "old" brain retain plasticity?
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Yes, there is considerable potential for structural plasticity (I see this as hope for all of us!)
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Yes-we do lose neurons, but there are still lots left. Changes often associated with aging may be the result of preventable stochastic events.
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Still-as an aging population we remain vulnerable to dementing processes/diseases
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Other forms of MCI exist, so MCI emphasize memory loss is called ________
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Amnesic MCI
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True or False. Individuals with a diagnosis of MCI will have the same outcome.
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False. they won't necessarily have the same outcome because etiologies may be different (DLB, FTD, etc.)
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MCI evolves into _______ at the rate of _____ per year.
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dementia; 10-15%. normal is 1-2% per year. rapid decline is associated with presence of APOE4, atrophic hippocampi on MRI.
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True or False. There is currently no known effective treatment of MCI.
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True. But, cholinesterase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents and anti-oxidants (e.g. vitamin E) theoretically make sense. Also used, NMDA receptor antagonists.
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