Aerospace Module #1

Front 1

An _________ is any machine that is capable of flying through the air.

Back 1

Aircraft

Front 2

The word aerospace is a combination of ____________ and ______________.

Back 2

Aeronautics and space

Front 3

When an airplane moves down the runway, for takeoff, a flow of air is created in the opposite direction to the direction of the takeoff. This is known as the _____________ ___________.

Back 3

Relative wind

Front 4

Forces in motion are said to be ____________.

Back 4

Dynamic

Front 5

If the air is dead calm at an airport, can airplanes still fly?_________ (Y/N)

Back 5

Yes

Front 6

In 1299 AD, Marco Polo observed ______________sailors being used as observers aboard what kind of a flying device?______________.

Back 6

Chinese

Front 7

A bird is a living ____________machine.

Back 7

Flying

Front 8

A large bubble of warm air is used to lift what kind of flying machine?_____________. Who is given credit for inventing this flying machine?_______________________________________

Back 8

Balloon, Montgolfier brothers

Front 9

As the air flows over the top of a wing, it is accelerated. What happens to the
pressure? _________________________.

Back 9

It decreases or drops

Front 10

As air passes under a wing, a certain amount of lift is generated. This is an example of _____________________Law.

Back 10

Newton’s

Front 11

A curvature on the top of a wing, is called the _______________.

Back 11

Camber

Front 12

Name the two artificial forces acting upon an airplane in flight: ________________and _______________.

Back 12

Thrust and lift

Front 13

A person weighing 160 pounds is flying a high performance fighter. In one combat maneuver, that person weighs 1280 pounds. How many “Gs” is that?_________

Back 13

8

Front 14

Bicycle helmets now have a distinct “tear drop,” or streamlined shape. This is an effort to reduce what natural force?_________

Back 14

drag

Front 15

There are four ways of increasing lift in an airfoil. They are:

Back 15

increase speed, increase camber, increase area, increase angle of attack

Front 16

What is that point at which a wing will stall? ___________________________

Back 16

critical angle of attack

Front 17

The word “burble” means turbulent, tumbling air. This occurs over the top of a wing during a _____________.

Back 17

stall

Front 18

That axis which passes through an airplane from nose to tail? ________________

Back 18

longitudinal

Front 19

That axis which passes through an airplane from top to bottom? _______________

Back 19

vertical

Front 20

That axis which passes through an airplane from wingtip to wingtip?_____________

Back 20

lateral

Front 21

The point where all three axes come together is called the ____________________

Back 21

center of gravity

Front 22

What control surface, on an airplane, makes it roll about the vertical axis?
a. The rudder
b. The ailerons
c. The elevator
d. None of the above are correct.

Back 22

d

Front 23

The elevator causes the nose to _________ up and down.

Back 23

pitch

Front 24

The ailerons cause the aircraft to _________about its longitudinal axis.

Back 24

roll

Front 25

The ____________causes the aircraft to yaw about its vertical axis.

Back 25

rudder

Front 26

If an elevator and stabilizer are combined to make one control surface that acts by changing angle of attack, it is called a ________________________________.

Back 26

stabilator

Front 27

When one aileron moves down, the other ___________ __________.

Back 27

moves upward

Front 28

A propeller is actually a wing lifting ____________.

Back 28

forward

Front 29

In close to the hub of a propeller, the __________ of ________ is greater than at the tip.

Back 29

angle of incidence (or attack)

Front 30

The tip of a propeller achieves most of its “lift” because of greater ____________.

Back 30

speed

Front 31

The “wing” of a propeller is called the ___________.

Back 31

blade

Front 32

Fluid motion due to regions of unequal heating is called? _________________

Back 32

convection

Front 33

The ratio between the span of a wing and its chord is called? _________________.

Back 33

aspect

Front 34

The mathematical relationship between the distance a glider will travel forward to the loss of altitude is known as the ______________________________________.

Back 34

glide ratio

Front 35

A column of air that moves vertically is known as __________________________.

Back 35

thermal

Front 36

What is the great force that drives the motion of our atmosphere? ___________.

Back 36

Sun

Front 37

If a glider’s wing has a span of 80 feet and a chord of 4 feet, what is the aspect ratio? _____

Back 37

20 to 1

Front 38

If the Air Force Academy TG-4A glider has an aspect ratio of 11.85 to 1, what is the chord of its wing? _____________.

Back 38

4.3 feet

Front 39

Adding a penny to a foam glider adds weight ahead of the ________of ___________.

Back 39

center, gravity

Front 40

The heat source for filling an envelope with hot air is known as the ____________.

Back 40

burner

Front 41

A lightweight, low carbon fuel used in hot air balloon burners?_____________

Back 41

propane

Front 42

The main body of a hot air balloon?_________________

Back 42

envelope

Front 43

A balloon operates on the principle of ____________________.

Back 43

buoyancy

Front 44

A ________________ inside of the envelope of a hot air balloon allows the pilot to release hot air for the purpose of descent.

Back 44

parachute

Front 45

Although a hot air balloon has no horizontal control, pilots can achieve some directional changes by seeking out changes in ____________ ___________at various altitudes.

Back 45

wind direction

Front 46

If “sub” means below, trans” means between, and “super” means above or beyond, develop three words from these prefixes for the range of speeds below, between, and beyond the speed of sound: ________________, _________________,
_______________.

Back 46

Subsonic, transonic, supersonic

Front 47

Air is made up of several gases. Which one of these gases makes up the greatest percentage in the atmosphere? ____

Back 47

Nitrogen

Front 48

If a control surface, such as a vertical or horizontal stabilizer, does not move or provide lift, can it still be considered an airfoil?_______.

Back 48

Yes

Front 49

If the average worldwide temperature at 59 degrees Fahrenheit, what would be average temperature for a city 5000 ft above sea level.

Back 49

41.5

Front 50

Name the two natural forces acting upon and airplane in flight: _____________and_________________.

Back 50

Gravity and drag

Front 51

In the myth about Icarus and Daedulus,it gives an account of a man and his son flying from an island across the Aegean Sea. There is an error in the myth that has to do with their flight. Which of the following answers best describes that error.
a. As Daedulus flew higher, the wax on his wings melted.
b. As Icarus flew higher, the temperature of the air should have been cooler.
c. Sea bird feathers don’t provide lift.
d. Warm bee’s wax won’t stick to human arms.

Back 51

a & b

Front 52

Sir Isaac Newton’s three laws of motion can be used to explain how a bird flies. When the wings move downward, this propels a bird forward as well as providing lift. This is an example of Newton’s ____________________Law.

Back 52

Third

Front 53

The action of a bird’s wing that moves the air downward and backward can be compared to a _________________on an airplane.

Back 53

Propeller

Front 54

If you mount a ski rack on top of an automobile, it creates aerodynamic_________and this can affect gas mileage.

Back 54

Drag

Front 55

The ___________________is an imaginary line, in an airfoil, that connects the leading and trailing edges.

Back 55

Chord

Front 56

The curvature, or camber, on the upper surface of a bird’s wing, is an example of what kind of “lift.” (Bernoulli or Newton) _________________________.

Back 56

Bernoulli

Front 57

The dive brakes, or spoilers, on the TG-4A create a _________ of __________ when deployed in flight.

Back 57

loss, lift

Front 58

The control surfaces on the trailing edge of a paper airplane’s wing are called ____________________.

Back 58

ailerons

Front 59

There is a line between the leading and trailing edges of a wing. What is it called?_______________________

Back 59

Chord

Front 60

This aircraft is kept aloft by the aerodynamic forces upon it wings and is thrust forward by a propeller, or other means of propulsion such as a jet or rocket.

Back 60

Airplane

Front 61

To find the Celsius equivalent of a Fahrenheit temperature, use the formula C=5/9(F-32). Based on this formula, what is the average Celsius equivalent temperature, worldwide, if the average Fahrenheit temperature at sea level is 59 degrees. Answer__________.

Back 61

15 degrees C

Front 62

A very significant date in history was November 21, 1783. What happened on that date?
a. Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier first flew in a hot air balloon.
b. The first hydrogen balloon flew over Paris, France.
c. Marco Polo first flew the English Channel in a Montgolfier balloon.
d. None of the above are correct.

Back 62

d

Front 63

As a fluid, like air, is accelerated, the ___________________drops. This is an example of ______________________Law.

Back 63

Pressure, Bernoulli’s

Front 64

When a wing is angled upward, this is called “increasing the angle of _______? At a certain point, the airflow over the top of the wing will separate. This causes the boundary layer of air to break away from the upper camber of the wing. When this
happens, a loss of lift occurs. This is called a ________.

Back 64

attack, stall

Front 65

When an airplane is ready for takeoff, the pilot applies power. This power provides an artificial force called thrust and it overcomes a natural force known as _________. As the plane gathers speed, a mechanical device, called an airfoil, or ________, causes a fluid, commonly known as air to accelerate over under and around the airfoil. This causes a drop in pressure on the upper curvature, known as the ________. When the pressure on the top is decreased and on the bottom is ________, the airfoil will rise away from gravity. This creates an artificial force called ___________. The oncoming air, known as the relative________also impacts the underside of the airfoil. This is an example of ___________Law.

Back 65

drag, wing, camber, increased, lift, wind, Newton’s

Front 66

A bird has two “control surfaces” for maneuvering. They are the ____ feathers and the _____ _______.

Back 66

Tail and wing feathers

Front 67

A typical hot air balloon will derive about _____of lift per 1,000 cubic feet. If a balloon has a volume of 68,500 cubic feet, how much weight can be lifted?________

Back 67

17-20, 1164.5 – 1370.0