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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Varicose veins
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legs, rectum, esophagus...
valves in veins become incompetent, bld pools instead of go to Hrt., prevent with support sockings and avoid standing for long time, wght loss, Tx=leg vein ligation or vein stripping (surgeries) |
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Myocarditis
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inflammation of the middle layer of the hrt; can be cause by viral infection; Tx same as endocarditis
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Pacemakers
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battery operated device to restore a more effective cardiac rhythm, tempary (external) or permanent (interserted, anesthesia before)
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Myocardial infarction (MI)
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-blockage or obstruction in a coronary artery
-will have angina, SOB, hypotension -use of meds, thrombolytics such as TPA and Streptokinase, and morphine |
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Beurgers disease (thromboangitis obliterans)
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inflammation of bld vessels associated with bld clot formation and fibrosis of the vessel wall, spasm and constriction, cyanosis; Tx w/ exercise, antibiotics, surgery
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Homans sign
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Pain with dorsiflextion of the foot, positive if have a DVT
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Right-sided CHF
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Peripheral symptoms; wght gain, nausea, vomiting, peripheral edema, ascites, oliguria and polyguria
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Ischemia
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a deficiency of bld supply to an area
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Cardioversion
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electrical stimulus that discharges from paddles when equipmnt senses R wave, similar to Defibillation, but lower energy levels; anticoagulants before;NPO; digoxin/diuretics held 24-72 hr prior
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Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
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surgery that bypasses blocked arteries
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Treatment for CHF
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treat underlying cause; reduce pain, Na restrictions, weigh daily, educate, meds=diuretics, digoxin;
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Aneurysm
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stretching or bulging of an artery wall due to the loss of elasticity, symptoms depend on the location of the aneursym
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Cardiac Arrest
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Absence of pulse and loss of output, can be preceded by PVC's, may be flat line on monitor (asystole);may be chaotic ventricular rhythm that lacks a pattern
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Angina
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chest pain from decrease of oxygen or bld to the hrt (ischemia)
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Left sided CHF
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Lungs and respiratory; fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, orthopnea, anxiety, crackles, wheezes, cyanosis, cough
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systole
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contraction
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Arrythmias/Dysrythmias
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conduction disorder that includes a dangerous hrt rate, atypical rhythm or both; minor or life threatening
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flow of bld and contraction of ventricles
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atria contracts-ventricle fill with bld-ventricle contracts and atria relaxes
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Congestive Hrt Failure (CHF)
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accumlation of bld and fluids w/in organs and tissues due to impaired circulation;Rght or LFT side of hrt affected, symptoms differ
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Rheumatic fever/hrt disease
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Hrt=complications of infections, usually grp A strep
Fever=many systems, hrt jnts nervous The hrt if the major organ effected |
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Atrial fibrillation
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chaotic, disorganized atrial activity; atria quiver instead of contract; can be chronic;can lead to hrt failure(CHF) Tx w/ meds=digoxin or Lanoxin, also diuretics;may need cardioversion
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Diagnosis of MI
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ECG/EKG or cardiac US; also cardiac enzymes assist with diagnosis...CK-MB(specific cardiac muscle) and troponin
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Oliguria
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Low urine output
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Thrombophlebitis (DVT)
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thrombus in the vein; sysmptoms=positive Homans sign, heat, redness; may need surgery(thrombectomy or Greenfield filter); use of anticoagulants, Heprin and Coumadin
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Venous Stasis Ulcers
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result from chronic venous insufficiency, lower extremitites discolored and skin harden; Tx=stockings/wraps, bedrest and elevation, use of meds
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Felt as the peripheral pulse
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the contraction of the left ventricle
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Polyguria
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Increase urin output
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Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
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catheter inserted into femoral or brachial artery and advanced to area in hrt where plaque is, balloon inflated to widen the artery...use with Coronary arterty disease
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endarterectomy
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resection of the lining of an artery
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Stroke volume
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amount of bld pumped with each contraction
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Acute Pulmonary Edema
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excessive amount of fluid in the pulmonary intersitial spaces or in the alveoli; crackles, cold and clammy, Tx= high fowlers position, O2 @ 6 liters/min unless COPD, meds, strict I&O
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Atherosclerosis
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deposits of plaque in the arteries (cholesterol)
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Sinus Bradycardia
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rhythm regular but rate is slow, <60; Tx= meds or pacemaker surgery; normal in athletes or well conditioned people
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dystole
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relaxation
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Heart Block
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varying degress..1,2,3,4 or complete; prob with conduction through AV node; on EKG P waves have no relation to QRS complex; can cause Hypotension or syncope
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Pericarditis
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inflammation of the outer layer of the hrt; cause cardiac tamponade; Tx with antibiotics, rest, may need to drain fluid
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Embolectomy/thrombectomy
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removal of a emboli or thrombus, surgery
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IPG
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a diagnosis to test for DVT, a sensor to look at bld volume in the area
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Raynauds disease
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periodic constriction of the arteries that supply the extremities; idiopathic; arterial spasms cause ischemia or necrosis to tissues; Tx w/avoid cold temp & smoking, surgery, drug therapy
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arteriosclerosis
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thickening and hardening of the arteries
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Mitral valves prolapse
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mitral valve enlarges, becomes floppy and bulges into the atrium; Tx w/ meds or valve replacement...***use antibiotics before invasive procedures and anticoagulants after
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Tx of HTN
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-bedrest
-antibiotics, PCN -NSADS or aspirin -surgery, valve replacement |
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Stenosis
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means narrowing...of Hrt valves can produce many symptoms, manage with meds to prevent clots
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Cardiac catheterization
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measuring the fluid pressure with in the chambers of the hrt, a fluttering sensation
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Vascular Grafts
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Surgery, Tx, Replacements...
meds=use of nitro(patch form), vasodilator post op care=pain control, monitor I&O, VS, check peripheral pulses, neuro assessments |
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Diagnosis of HTN
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presence of C-reactive protein, elevated sed rate and ECG/EKG changes
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Sinus Tachycardia
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rhythm is regular but faster than normal, >100; cause from strenous exercise, anxiety, pain, fever, shock...
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Tx for HTN
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-decreae NA in diet
-stop smoking, reduce alcohol -reduce stress -use right size BP cuff -orthostatic BP monitoring |
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)
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very serious!, if ruptured if can be life threatening, and will require immediate surgery...bypass or replacement grafting usually done
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tamponade
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hrt cannot contract like it should, cause from fluid build up and pressure (pericarditis)
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Defibrillation
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used to shock a PT out of a life threatening dysrhythmia, may need CPR prior; electrical stimulus porduced;
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SA node
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pacemaker of the hrt; area on the right atrium that initiates electrical impulses and causes contractions
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ECG/EKG
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P Wave-impulses from the SA node cause atria to contract or depolarize
QRS Complex-contraction and depolarization of ventricles T Wave-resting or repolarization of ventricles |
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Cardic output
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amount of bld pumped by the left ventricle in a minute
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Premature Ventricular contractions (PVC's)
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ventricular contractions occur before SA node sends electrical impulses, QRS complex on EKG is wide and distorted; Tx with meds=lidocaine
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Coronary Artery Disease
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obstructed flow in the coronary arteries; primary cause is athersclerosis; increases risk for MI; modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors; use of vasodilater meds, Nitro
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nursing considerations for pt with cardiac catheterization
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-must sign a consent
-NPO -teach/educate -sedative -allergies -fluids to rid of dye -VS, pulses |
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Infective endocarditis
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inflammation of inner lining of Hrt; usually cause by strep or staph; mitral vavle most commonly affected; use of antibiotics to Tx
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Hypertension (HTN)
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sustained elevation of arterial pressure with systolic >140 and dystolic >90
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ECG/EKG
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tracing that represents the hrts electrical activity
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