Acs Exam Module 2

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Old kingdom of Egypt

Back 1

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Origins

Back 2

Evolving and developing new technologies. Still today people don't know how they built and/or did some of the things they did

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Decline

Back 3

by 2200 BC the Old kingdom started to die off, it look over 150 years for a new dynasty to form.

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Religion

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Polytheism was a big part of the ancient Egyptian religion. Meaning they worshiped many gods, the gods they worshiped were often viewed as half animal half human.

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Power and wealth

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During this time Pharaohs were very powerful. they had absolute control over the people's land and resources as the Pharaohs owned it all. They would share it in return for tax payments and total obedience

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Accomplishments

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The pharaoh of this time was Khufu, he was in charge during the making of the pyramids. He built the great pyramid of Giza. It took over 20 years to build with thousands of people working on it

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Trade

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They traded goods with other countries over seas

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The Middle Kingdom

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origins

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2030-1640 BCE. after the civil wars that took place at the end of the old kingdom, upper and lower Egypt was reunited again.

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Decline

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A series of weak rulers, led to a civil war. Then they were invaded by the Hyksos of western Asia.

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Religion

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A complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals

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Power and wealth

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They dug a canal connecting the Nile to the red sea, which opened up transportation and trade. This opened up opportunities to have greater contact with other civilizations which led to the flourishing Egyptian literature and art

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Accomplishments

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Military campaigns into Kush, Nubia and Libya

67 year reign of Ramses II (the great)

All people gained the right to be mummified

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Trade

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Canal between the Nile and red sea

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New kingdom

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Origins

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The new dynasty began when Ahmose I dominated lower Egypt's Hyksos people. By conquering Lower Egypt, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt became unified

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Decline

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1182-1151 BCE Ramses III weakened Egypt by focusing less on helping his people and more on protecting his borders. Ramses IV began building programs that drain Egypt almost completely economically. civil wars leave Egypt too weak to fend off invaders

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Religion

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Polytheistic

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Accomplishments

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conquers modern day Syria

Sundial is invented

Woman were presented just as prominently as their husbands

Worlds first known female ruler (22 years) was Queen Hatsheput

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Trade

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mostly done by boat

wood, metal, jewels, animals, fruit, papyrus, and salves

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The Kingdom of Mali

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.

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Origins

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Established around 1235 CE

largest empire in Western Africa

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Decline

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After the death of Mansa Musa, his son came to power, he was not a very skilled leader, and groups took advantage of the political instability. 1468 the Songhai army attacked Timbuktu, and the empire collapsed.

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Religion

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Main religion was Muslim, people of the trans Sahara trade taught the people of Mali about the Islamic religion

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Power and wealth

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Most famous king was Mansa Musa he taxed all the trade transactions making Mali very wealthy.

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Accomplishments

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The kingdom of Mali was very rich of gold, and the city of Timbuktu was the center for the gold trade. Mali is considered the center of Islamic learning, and was the first country to open a university.

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Trade

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Gold was the biggest trading industry, they traded mainly salt for gold.