Acid-Base Balance

Front 1

What are the parts of Aid-Base Balance?

Back 1

HCO3= Base

CO2=Acid

Hydrogen= Acid

Front 2

Normal Lab Values

Back 2

pH: 3.5-4.5

CO2= 35-45

HCO3= 22-26

Front 3

Metabolic Acidosis~ Explain Compensation

Back 3

Kidneys Sick

Lungs Compensate

RR Increase to Blow off CO2

PCO2 Decreases

Front 4

Metabolic Alkalosis~ Explain Compensation

Back 4

Kidneys Sick

Lungs Compensate

RR Decrease to Save CO2

PCO2 Increases

Front 5

Respiratory Acidosis~ Explain Compensation

Back 5

Lungs Sick

Kidneys Compensate

Retain HCO3 (Base)

Excrete H (Acid)

HCO3 on ABG's Increased

Front 6

Respiratory Alkalosis~ Explain Compensation

Back 6

Lungs Sick

Kidneys Compensate

Excrete HCO3 (base)

Retain H (acid)

HCO3 on ABG's Decreased

Front 7

Respiratory Acidosis

*What's happening in general?

Back 7

Basically: Lungs are Sick too much CO2 is in the body

Front 8

Respiratory Acidosis

*Cause

Back 8

Cause: Hypoventilation the pt either is breathing too shallow, too slow, or not breathing at all

Front 9

Respiratory Acidosis

*Pathophysiology (What's happening)

Back 9

Pathophysiology: Increased CO2=Decreased LOC

Increased CO2 = Decreased O2 (early hypoxia= restelessness and late hypoxia= bradycardia, cyanosis)

Front 10

Respiratory Acidosis

*Treatment

Back 10

Treatment: Fix the breathing, help the pt blow off the CO2 so don't want to give pt meds that decrease RR

Remember: restless pt = early hypoxia

Front 11

Respiratory Alkalosis

*Cause

Back 11

Hyperventilating

Front 12

Respiratory Alkalosis

*Pathophysiology (What's happening)

Back 12

Lungs are sick, kidneys are going to try to compensate, classic pt is smeone who is hysterical or may have taken too many ASA (which stimulates the resp center and causes rr to increase) but we don't wait for the kidneys to kick in that will take 3 days

Front 13

Respiratory Alkalosis

~Treatment

Back 13

Have pt breathe into a brown paper bag to help them retain the CO2

May have to sedate pt to slow their breathing

Treat the problem

Front 14

Metabolic Acidosis

~Cause

Back 14

~DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

~Starvation

Front 15

Metabolic Acidosis

~Pathophysiology

Back 15

~Scenario: DKA and Starvation

*Kidneys sick and lungs try to compensate

*when you are starving you break down fat, produce ketones, and ketones are acid

Front 16

Metabolic Acidosis

~Treatment

Back 16

Drug to help Acidosis is Sodium Bicarbonate

Treat the problem - Know the cause

Front 17

Metabolic Alkalosis

~Cause

Back 17

Vomiting

Front 18

Metabolic Acidosis

~patho

Back 18

Vomit is an acid

too much acid is being released so the base is left in the body

Front 19

Metabolic Acidosis

~Tx

Back 19

treat the problem- know the cause

Front 20

Metabolic Acidosis/ Alkalosis

*Hyperkalemia

*Hypokalemia

Back 20

Metabolic Acidosis=Hyperkalemia

Metabolic Alkalosis= Hypokalemia

Front 21

Pneumothorax

Back 21

Resp Acidosis

*poor gas exchange

Front 22

Alka Seltzer/Antacids

Back 22

Metabolic Alkalosis

Front 23

Panick Attack~ Would cause what type of Acid-Base Imbalance?

Back 23

Resp Alkalosis

Front 24

NG to Suction-Which Acid-Base Imbalance would occur?

Back 24

Metabolic Alkalosis

Front 25

Contusion to lung parenchyma

Back 25

Resp Acidosis

Front 26

pt getting lots of IVP bicarb

Back 26

Metabolic Alkalosis

Front 27

Diarrhea

Back 27

Metabolic Acidosis

Front 28

Renal Insufficiency

Back 28

Metabolic Acidosis

Front 29

PNA

Back 29

Resp Acidosis

*poor gas exchange

Front 30

Broken Ribs

Back 30

Resp Acidosis

*poor gas exchange

Front 31

Acute ASA overdose

Back 31

resp alkalosis and then eventually will lead to resp acidosis