Accelerated Red Cell Turnover

Front 1

clinical signs of accumulation of hg degradation products

Back 1

jaundice
gallstones
dark red urine

Front 2

acute exacerbation of hemolysis due to activation of MACs

Back 2

hemolytic crisis

Front 3

impairment of BM red cell production

Back 3

aplastic anemia

Front 4

depletion of nutrients, folic acid, or iron

Back 4

marrow exhaustion

Front 5

causes hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinurea

Back 5

intravascular RBC destruction

Front 6

causes of intravascular RBC destruction

Back 6

toxic substances in the red cell or environment (infection, drugs)

Front 7

mechanism of intravascular RBC destruction

Back 7

complement activation
physical trauma (march hemoglobinemia, artificial heart valves, thermal burns)

Front 8

mechanism of extravascular hemolysis

Back 8

Ig bind to RBC and they get trapped in the red pulp of spleen by MACs Fc binding

Front 9

corrected reticulocyte count in rapid red ell turnover

Back 9

>4% (hallmark of acc red cell turnover)

Front 10

what is a spherocyte and what disease is it indicative of

Back 10

small, hyperchromic red cell; hereditary spherocytosis, autoIg hemolytic anemias, or burns

Front 11

diseases that cause schistocyte formation

Back 11

HUS
TTP
DIC
prosthetic heart valves

Front 12

three types of autoimmune hemolytic anemias

Back 12

warm
cold
paroxysmal cold

Front 13

most common type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Back 13

warm

Front 14

Ig subtype that mediates warm hemolytic anemia

Back 14

IgG

Front 15

antibody in warm hemolytic anemia is directed at what

Back 15

Rh factor

Front 16

Ig subtype that mediates cold hemolytic anemia

Back 16

IgM

Front 17

type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia that usually follows an infection

Back 17

cold

Front 18

mechanism of RBC destruction in warm antibody

Back 18

extra and intravascular

Front 19

mechanism of RBC destruction in cold antibody

Back 19

extravascular

Front 20

Ab against I antigen on RBC

Back 20

cold agglutinins

Front 21

biphasic autoimmune hemolytic anemia where IgG fixes in the cold and activates complement upon warming

Back 21

paroxysmal cold agglutinins

Front 22

alloimmune hemolytic anemia of fetus due to Rh incompatibility with mother

Back 22

erythroblastosis fetalis (hydrops)

Front 23

prophylaxis of hydrops fetalis

Back 23

Rh Ig

Front 24

what is the direct coombs test

Back 24

marker Igs are added to patient serum to look for Igs to RBC

Front 25

what is the indirect coombs test

Back 25

patient serum is added to lab red cells and look for reaction

Front 26

enzyme deficiency that causes hemolyic anemia

Back 26

glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Front 27

heinz bodies

Back 27

G6PD

Front 28

clinical signs of G6PD

Back 28

asymptomatic until drug or illness

Front 29

tx of G6PD deficiency

Back 29

remove agent and it resolves

Front 30

most common enzyme deficiency in glycolysis

Back 30

pyruvate kinase

Front 31

pyruvate kinase deficiency results in what changes to the RBC

Back 31

membrane deformity and extravascular destruction

Front 32

etiology of hereditary spherocytosis

Back 32

deficiency in cytoskeleton protein spectrin

Front 33

only cell that has elevated MCHC

Back 33

spherocytes

Front 34

therapy to hereditary spherocytosis

Back 34

splenectomy

Front 35

two types of hereditary hemolytic anemias

Back 35

hereditary spherocytosis
hereditary elliptocytosis

Front 36

hemolytic anemia that is exacerbated by sleep

Back 36

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 37

RBC membrane disorder caused by deficient complement regulation and abnormal sensitivity to complement lysis

Back 37

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Front 38

tests for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Back 38

flow cytometry for CD55/59

Front 39

acanthocyte

Back 39

hemolytic anemia due to hepatocellular disease

Front 40

what is march hemoglobinemia

Back 40

hemolysis due to RBC trauma

Front 41

three most common thrombotic microangiopathies

Back 41

DIC
TTP
HUS

Front 42

tetrad of sx seen in HUS

Back 42

seizures
hemolytic anemia
acute renal failure
thrombocytopenia

Front 43

etiology of diarrhea positive HUS

Back 43

shigella toxin e.coli

Front 44

pentad of sx in TTP

Back 44

fever
ARF
thrombocytopenia
microangiopathic HA
neurologic sx

Front 45

etiology of TTP

Back 45

absence of ADAMTS which leaves large vWF multimers

Front 46

fever
chills
headache
low back pain

Back 46

acute hemolysis

Front 47

less severe form of mother fetal hemolytic anemia that causes mild anemia

Back 47

ABO compatibility where mother is O and child is A or B

Front 48

sex linked enzyme deficiency hemolytic anemia

Back 48

G6PD

Front 49

anemia
venous thrombosis
increased infection
increased leukemia

Back 49

PNH

Front 50

membrane disorder caused by an acquired mutation in PIG gene

Back 50

PNH

Front 51

tx of TTP

Back 51

plasma exchange

Front 52

peripheral smear findings in hemolytic anemias

Back 52

spherocytes
schistocytes

Front 53

reticulocyte levels in all hemolytic anemias

Back 53

elevated (reticulocytosis is way to differentiate hemolytic anemias)