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425 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Define moral therapy
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the 19t century treatment apporac that emphasized treating hospitalized paients with care and understanding
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Define psychologist
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a person with advenaced training in psychology
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Define sample
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part of a population
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Define catharsis
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purgation of feelings
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Define casual
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cause and effect1
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Define correlation
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relationship between variable
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Define significant
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a magnitude of difference that indicates a meaningful differences between graups
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Define incidence
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the number of new cases of a disorder that occursw within a specific peroid of time
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Define experimental subject
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subjects wh are given the experiemnetal treatment in an experiemnt
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Define descriptim
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an objective of science, it is based upon careful observation of behavior
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Define blind
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a state of being unaware of whether one has receieved the experiemental treatment
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Define tehroy
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a model; indicates laws and principles underlying behaviors
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Define positive correlations
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a statisitical relasionshp between two vairable such that increases in one are associated with increases in the otehr
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Define longitudinal study
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a stype of correational study whereby subjects are followed over time
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Define prevalence
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the overall number of cases of a disroder in a population with a specific period of time
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Define dependent variable
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variable that is measured in an experiement
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Define negative correlation
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the degree to which treatements effects can be accounted for y the teoretrical contrstucts represented in independent variables
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Define construct validity
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the degree to which treatments effects can be accounted for by the theoretical constructs represeneted in independement variableDefine
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Define unobtrsive
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not interfeetting
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Define psychodynamic model
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the model of Freud and his follows in which abnorlmal behavior is vieqed as the product of clashing forces within the pesronality
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Define scientific method
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a series of steps used to answer questions based on empirical evidence
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Define deinstitutionalizetoion
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the practice of discharging psychiatric patients from hospitals into the community
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Define medical model
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a perspective in which abnormal behvaior is viewed as symptomiatic of underlying illness or disorder
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Define psychological disorders
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abnormal behavior patterns that involve a distubnace of psychological functioning or behavior
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Define trephinaton
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a prehistoric practive of cutting a hole in a person's skull
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Define abnormal psychology
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the branch of psychology that deals with the desxcrptiong, causes, treatment of abnormal beavhior patterns
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Define critical thinking
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a questionable attitude about information you hear and read
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definge monoxygotic twins
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twins that develop form the same fertilized egg
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Define case study
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a carefully drawn biography based on clinical interviews, observations, and psychological tests
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Define dizigotic twins
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twins that develop from seperate fertilized eggs
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Define informed consent
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the principle that subjects should recieve enough information about an experiment before hand to decide reely whether or not they want to participate
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Define external validity
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the degree to which experiemental results can be generalized to other settings or conditions
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Define placebo
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an inert medication or bogus treatement that is intended to control for expectancy results
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Define negative correlation
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a statistical relasionship between two caribale such that increases in one are accosiacted with decreases in the other
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Define deluision
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a firml held but unfounded belif or idea that persists deptsite eveidence that it has not basis in realityu
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Define worldview
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a prevailing view of the times
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Define experimental method
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a scientific method that aims to discover casusal relations
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Define independent vairrable
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the varable that is manipulated in an experiment
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Define discreditied treatment
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treatments unable to consistently produce success beyong that obtained by time, positive expectations, or placebos
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Define phenothiazines
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a group of antipsycholtic drugs used to treat schitzophenia
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Define hypothesis
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a state induced by suggestion; Charcot used this for the treatment of hysteria
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Define internal validity
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the degree to which manipulation of the independent variables ccan be causually related to the changes in the dependent varibales
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Define psychoquakery
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discredited psychological treatments in mental health
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The objective of the _______________ research method is to uncocver cause and effect relasionships between variables.
a. case study b. experimental c. correlational d. naturalistic-observational |
b. experimental
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Which is not required by multiple baseline designs?
a. a reversal plane b. a treatment phase c. a baseline phase d. an intervention phase |
a. reverasal phase
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Correlations allow for....... but do not provide information regarding causal realsionships between variables.
a. informed studies b. predicition c. explanation d. causation |
b. prediciton
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It is necessary that a reasearch cample be representative of the.... of interest
a. experiment b. population c. subject d. behavior |
b. population
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An experiemnet is deigned to assess the effects of in modeling on a public speaking peformance. In this design:
a. mdoeling is the dependent variable and the independent variable b. public speaking performance is the dependnet and modeling is the independent. |
b. public speaking performance is the dependnet and modeling is the independent.
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The extent to which experimental results may be generalized to other settings and conditions is referred to as....
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external validity
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In a correlational study, Dr. Sanford discovered that as test schors increased for students, the time speng watching tv decrease. This would indicate a..... correlation between the two variables
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negative
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Explanation of abnormal behaviro in terms of supernatural forces is characterisitics of the...... model
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demonological
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Which of the following is NOT an objective approach to the study of abnoramal psycholgoy?
a. description b. statistical analysis c. explanation d. control |
d. control
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A single subject reasearch method in the fomr of an A-B-A-B design is called...
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a reversal design
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Which of the following is true of naturalistic observation?
a. it provides consideratable infomration about beahvori but cannot specifiy why a beahviro occurs b. it is conducted through quasiexperiemnts |
a.
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In the early sixties community health centers were given the responsibility of providing continuing support and care to the fomer hospitialized paitents udner the polocuty of...
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deinstitutionalization
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A group of antischotic drugs, .......permitted many patients with schizpphreinia to be discharged to less restrictive living arrangements and reducted the most flagrant behavior patterns associated with this disorder.
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phenothiazines
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The.....model provided the first psycholigcial perspective on abnormal behavior
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psychodynamic
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The......involves systematic attempts to test our assumptions and theories about the world through gathering objective evidence
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scienctific method
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Reasearch subjects must be given enoough information in advance about a study's purposes, method, risks and beneits to allow them to make decision regariding their participation. THis illustrates the principle of....
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infomred consent
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The ....... allows scientits to demonstrate a causaul relationship between variables
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experimental method
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In an experiment, ...... are not given experimental treatment
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control subjects
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in A ........ neither the researcher nor the subject is told whether an active drug or placebo is being administered
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double blind placebo design
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If observered changes in the dependent variable cna be causally related to the independent variable, an experiemnet is aid to have...
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internal validty
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Rates of occurance of abnormal behavior in various settings or population groups are studied by use of the..... method
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epidemoniological
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Sam and Sue are identitical twins. They are also known as....
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monosygotic
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Freud's in depth study of Leonao da Vinici illustrates the use of the
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case study method
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In an A-B-A-B design, the experimenter can be confident the treatment has inteded to effect...
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the behavior imporves whenever treatment is introduced, but returns to baseline levels in the reversal phase
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While reading about a psychological disorder on the INternet, Sally began to question the credibility of ingormation presented. This illustrates he....
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critical thinking skills
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Benjamin Rush, the father of American psychiatry, advanced the moral therapy moverment by....
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encouraging staff to treat patients with kindness and understanding
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When designing her study on the effectiveness of drug treatment interventions, Dr. Spurrier took great care in obtaining a sample in such a way that each emmebr of the population of interehast had equal pobablity of election. Dr. Spurrier recognized the importance of a ....in research
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random sample
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While drawing conclusions from thier findings, psychologists use statistical methods to determine the liklihood that differences between groups are......as opposed to chance fluctuations.
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signigicant
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Sarah has began hearing voices that are not present. She has been referred to a psychologist to determine why she is experienceing these....
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halluncinations
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THe interaction of genetic and environmental influences is represented by the indiviudals
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phenotype
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The scientific methof...
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requiores systemtical evaluation of hypothese
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The first step in scientific method involves...
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forming a research question
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Correlations do not tell...
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how two variables are related
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In an experiment, the dependent variable is...
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the response
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In an experiment, the independent variable is...
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what the reaearchers are manipulating
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A reasearcher has just completed a study of Oprah Winfrey, including her family background, life history and expressed opinions. This is an example of....
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case study method
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Compared to other methods, the case sudy has a major limitation in that...
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its conclusion might not apply to everyone else
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Longitudianl research...
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can uncover not only change but the process of change
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What is a prominent limiation of pseduoscientific treatments?
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they do not rely upon expert consensus.
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Define ego
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governed by the reality principle, it is the psychic structure that corresponds to the concept of self
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Define reinforcement
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that which increase the likelihood of a response
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Define magnificiation
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a type of cognitive error
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Define cognitions
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thoughts, beliefs, expectations and attitudes
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Define archetypes
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primative images that reside in the collective unconsious
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Define nuerotransmitters
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chemical substances that allow communication between nerurons
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Define nueron
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a nerve cell
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Define psychoanalytic theory
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the theoretical model of personality developed by Freud
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Define liido
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sexual energy or drive
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Define synapse
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the space between nerve cells
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Define diathesis
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a vulnerability to a stressor
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Define oral stagee
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a psychosexual stage during which pleasure is sought through oral activities
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Define CNG
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Central nervous system
consistes of the brain and spinal cord |
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Define self actualization
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becoming what you are capable of
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Define serotionin
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a nuerotransmitter involved in regulation of mood
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Define hypothalmus
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part of the lymic system, it is involved in the regualation of body temperature, emotion, and motivation
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Define behavior appliciation
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the application of learning principles in oder to modify behavior
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Define punishment
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stimulit that reduce the likelihood a behavior will be repeated
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Define positive reinforcement
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a type of reinforcer that increases the frequency of a response
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Define central cortex
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the outer layer of a cerebrum associated with higher thought processes
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Define downward drift hypothesis
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theory that links socioeconomic stautus and behavior difficilty
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Define object relations
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a psyhcoynamic theory that focues upon the influence of internalized representations of attachment figures
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Define dopamine
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a type of nuerotransmitter involved in Parkison's disease
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Define Oedipus complex
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the conflict that occurs during the phallic stage of development
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Define soma
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cell body
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Define conditioned stimuli
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paired with an unconditioned stimulus, it elicits a conditioned response
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Define ID
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the psychic structure governed by a principle pleasure
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Define repression
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a type of defense mechanism that involves the banishment of aniexy-provoking ideas to the unconsious
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Define parasympathetic division
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a divison of the automatic nervous system whose actitivity relaxes the body
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Define biopsychological perspective
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a model of abnormal behavior that focuses upon the interplay of sociocultural, biological, and psychological disorders
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Define identifitication
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the process of incorpotiating the behavoris of personalitities of others
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Define superego
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the psychcic structure governed by moral principle
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Define negative reinforcement
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removal of an aversive stimulus that increases the frequency of a response
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Define unconditioned stimulus
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a stimulus that triggers an unlearned response
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Define reality principle
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the governing principle of the ego
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Define defense mechanisms
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psychological defenses preventing unacceptable impules from rising into consiousness
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Define pleasure principle
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the governing principle of the ID
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Define SYMPATHETIC division
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a divisiion of the automatic nervous system that arrouses the body
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Define acetylcholine
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a type of nuerotransmitter involved in alzheimers disease
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Define denial
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refuing to accept the true nature of a theat
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The ________ model seeks an understanding of abnormal behavior based upon the interplay of cultural, psychological, and biological facors.
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biopsychological
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`___________ theorists focus upon the role of distorted thinking in the emergence of abnormal behavior
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cognitive
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The central nervous sytsem consists of the....
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brain and spinal cord
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Communication between neurons is ..... in nature
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chemical
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Sam has been diagnosed with clinical depression. His physician believes his depression is linked to dysfunctions involving...
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serotonin and norepinephrine
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A tiny structure located between the thalmus and pituitary gland the..... is viral in regulating body temperature and motivations
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hypothalmus
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To Jung, the ..... represents the storehouse of archetypes or primative images
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collective unconsious
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Explanations of abnormal behavior in terms of environmental factors such as rewards and punishments is characterisitc of .....
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learning model
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In Pavlov's experiemn the food was the...
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unconditioned stimulus
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Salivation as the result of the presentation of food is knonwn as/an....
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unconditioned response
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What is something true about behavior modificition
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It involved the systematic application of learning principlees to alter behavior
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After a breakup with her partner, Alexandra said she didn't think anyeone would ever ask her out again. Alexanera's belif is an example of...
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overgeneralization
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Social cogntiiv theorists emphasize the role of observational learning or...... in human behavior
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modeling
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The ..... model provided the first psychological perspective on abnormal behavior.
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psychodynamic
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Overultilization of the nuerotransmitter .... may account for the develoment of schitzophenia
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dopamine
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According to psychodynamic theorists, structures of personality include the....
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id, ego, and supergo
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Sam avoids iving a speech that has caused him great aniety in preparing for. Throuh avoidance, he has reduced his anxiety and is now more likely to avoid similar speeches in the futre. From a lernaing perspective, this type of avoidance is an exmaple of....
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negative reinforcement
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Many cognitive pychologists are influecnted by the concepts of.....
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computer science
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All of the following are associated with cognitive tehory except...
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individual psychology
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The nervous system is made up of billions of never cells called
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nuerons
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The disthesis-stress model of genetic-environmental interaction suggests tat...
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biological vulnerablity combined with environmental stress results in abnormal behvaior
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According to Frued, excessive self controla nd perfectionism may beigin at the..... stage f a psychosexual development
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anal
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...... theorists believe is is important to understand the obstacles that people encounter as tehy strive toward eself actualization and authenticity
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humanistic
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...... decreases the liklihood that behavior will repoeat
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punihsment
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Both negative reinforcement and punishment involve negative stimuli that decrease or supress the frequency of a behaviro.
t or f |
false
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Food, water, sexual stimulation and escape from pain are all considered....
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primary reinforcers
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Ellis' cognitive model utlitizes a A-B-C approach to expalin the cuases of negative emotions. In this mdoell, therpatists focus upon...
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activiating events, beliefs, and consequences
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According to Araon Beck, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, and magnification are examples of....which leads to emotional distress
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cognitive errosd
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Keri has forgotted that a difficult paper is due. According to Frued, which defense mechanism is at work?
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repression
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The autonomic nervous system regulates all of the following activities, except....
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walking
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The part of the psyche that attempts to satifiy impules and drives, stick within constraints of relaity, and maintain norms of acceptable behavior is the...
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ego
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According to Freud, the majoriyt of what drives human thoiught and behaviour occurs in the....
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unconsious
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The correct sequence of Freud's pyschosexual theroy is...
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oral
anal pahallic latency genital |
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When unconsious wishes, needs and memories are unacceptable to a person or to a society, the .... pushes them back in to the unconsious in a preccess called..
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ego
repression |
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Mellissa was 5 years olf when her brother Timmy was born. Although she had been completely toiet trained for neraly three years, soon after Timmy arrived Melisssa began having "accidents" Her parented threateined to put her back in diapers. Besides this, Melissa also insisted that she wanted to suck on a bottle again, just like Timmy. This would demonstrate the defense mechanism of....
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regression
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A child in the phallic stae would mostly likely exhibit...
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derisre for the opposite parent
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Amanda chooses boyfriends who she knows her mother will dislike. THis behaviro could be explained an an unconisous process by which theorist?
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psychodynamic
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Which theoretical perspective rejects the noton that unconisous conflicts act as the primary force driving human behavior?
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behavioral perspective
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Bheavriorsts focus on....
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observable, replicable relasionships between events and behvaior
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Keisha has become anxious about playing basketmball since her serious injury last month. IN this example, the condtional stimulus is...p
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playing basketball
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Jaun is afraid to swim even since he saw a man drown. In this example, the unconditioned repsponse is...
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anxiety about witnessing a drwoning
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Cogntivie theories stress the importance of...
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thoughts and beliefs
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Define BEAM
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a sophistated type of EEG that anaylyxes brain wave patterns and reveals areas of activity form moment to moment
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Define reliable
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that which is consistent
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Define validity
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the dregree to which a test schore is predicitoon of some future beahvior
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Define analgoue measure
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intended to stimulate the setting in which a bheavior naturally occurs
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Define PET scan
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an imaging technique that monitiors glucose utilization within the brain
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Define unctionaed analoy
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a behaviorall analysis that exxamines the antecendencts and consequences of bhavior
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Define IQ
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measure of intelligence
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Define self monitorin
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observing one's own behvaior, emotions and thoughts
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Define MRI
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an image of the brain formed by measuring singals emotted when the head is palced in a strong magnetic field
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Define cutlure bound context
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a disorder found only wihtin a few cultural contexts
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Define projective test
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psycholiogical tests that present ambigious stimulit onto which an indiviudal is thought ot project his or oher personality ir unconisous motives
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Define reactivity
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the tendancy for observed behavior to be influecned by the manner in withi it is measured
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Define DSM
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a classification sytsme for the diagnosisi of mental disorders
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Define sanims
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the negative stereotyping of indivudals who are identifieid as mentally isl
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Define construct validity
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the degree to which a test measures the hypothetical construct that claims to be measure
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Define objective tests
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tests that allow a limited range of options whihc may be scored objectively
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Define false negative
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idnetigying an indiual as not hving a disorder who truly has a disorder
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Define unstructured intervie
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a type of interview wheteby the clinician adopts his or her own style of question a without following a standard format
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Define syndrom
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a cluster of symptons characaterisitc of a particular disease
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Define hypothyroidism
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casued by a deificnecy of thyroxin and characterized by lethargy
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Define internal consistency
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interrelationships of items on a test
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Define phrenology
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determining personality by examining bumps on an indiviudal's head
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Define structured interview
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an interview that follows a precise format
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define metnal age
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teh age equalialent that corresponds to an inviiduals level of intellience as measured by the Stanfore Binet Intelligence SCale
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Define TAT
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a projective test that consists of a seriues of cards, each of which depicts an ambious scene
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Define uerological assessment
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used to eveluatae whetehr psycholoigcla problems reflect underlying nuerlogical damage
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Define behvairoi raiting
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a checklist used to record the frequency of occurence of a target behavior
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Define galvanic skin
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a measure pf charge in electiricla activity of the skin
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Define EEG
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measures the eletctcal activity of the brian
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Define CT scare
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an X-ray of brain that provides infomration regarding its internal structures
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Define validity
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the degree to which a test mearusres what it putposts to measure
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Define relaity testing
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the ability to perceive world accurately.
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Define ATQ
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a cognitive assessment whetby clinetns rate the frequency and degree if cinbctuin associated with theiry automatic negative thoughts
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Define specificity
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the ability of atest to avoid classifiying indivuals as hainvg disorder when they do not have the disorder
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Define cinicial interview
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the most wdiely used means of assessment
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Define MCMI
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an objective test that focues on the Axis II diagnoises
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Define Axis I
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the axis that clincial disorders are diagnosed
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Define Axis IV
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the axis that psycholsocial stressors or difficulties in individuals life is diagnose
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Define Axis II
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the axis tat personality disorder and/or mental retardation is disgnosed
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Define Axis V
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the axis that the Global Assessment of Functioning score is assigned
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Define aXIS iii
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the axisw that general medical consitions are needed
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Crieteron validity has two general types. These include...
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concurrent and predicitive
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Specific diagnostic criteria is DSM-IV ....
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include essential features and associated featurees
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Which brain imagin technique requires an indiivual to be place d in a tunnel that generats a strong magnetic field?
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MRI
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The major value of the structured interview is in...
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relability of diagnostic classification
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The Automatic Thoughts Questionaiires is an example of...
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a conginitive assessment measure
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The DSm classification system is an outgraouh of the work of...
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Kraepelin
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Questions in the MMPA-2......
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were selected bevause they discriminated between normal andd clinical poululations
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The degree to which a test correctly identiifies people who have a perticulaar disorder is referred to as...
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sensitiviityt
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An advancangtae of the Wechslet intelligences scales is...
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relative strenthgs and weakenesses of an indivudal are assessed
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A clinician who asks a series of uesions about problem behaviors, histories and relaiosnhisp to situational events is using which metho of assessment?
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the behavhoiral interview
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The.... is projective test that requires indivudals to respons to an ambious scence by contrcuting at story.
|
TAT
|
|
|
All of the folloiwing are clinical scales on the MMPI-2, except...
|
mania
|
|
|
The Staford-Binet and Wechsler Scales are used to meausre...
|
intelligence
|
|
|
Which is tnot true of computerizied clinical interviews?
|
Computerized interviews are actually more tmie consuming
|
|
|
All of the following subjetest on the Halstead-Reitan Nuergopshcyological Battery except...
|
audio-visal test
|
|
|
The disadvantgae of self rating scales is that...
|
test responses are biased
|
|
|
Which of the folloing would be coded on teh Axis IV of the DSM
|
problems in the socila and psychical environment that afect the diagnosis, treatement and outcome of psycho idsoder
|
|
|
tHE MMPI-2 is to..... as the MCMI is to.....
|
abnormal beavior paaterns; personality stryle
|
|
|
An aexmaple of a culture boudn syndrome is
|
anorexia nervose
|
|
|
An electromyograph measrues
|
mucles tension
|
|
|
Whihc of the following is the most widely used emans of assessment and is emplyied by essentiall all heloing professionals?
|
the clinical interview
|
|
|
Whihc of the following is a major avantage of the DSM-IV?
|
it develops a comprehensive view as a result of its multiaxxial system
|
|
|
From which of the following theoretical persepctincae might an interviewer try to focus on antencendents or stimulus cues related to a specfici event?
|
behvaviroal
|
|
|
According to the DSM-IV, a mental disorder requires...
|
a behavior pattern that does not represent an experected or culturally appropraite response to a streessful even
|
|
|
Housing and economic factors affating the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of sypchoogical disorder are listed under the.....of the DSMv
|
Axis IV
|
|
|
Examination of behavor in terms of antecendent stimulai and reinforcement consequences is known as a ...
|
functional analysis
|
|
|
DUring the clinical interview, most clinicians obtain informaitons regarding...
|
histoy
problem medical histoy |
|
|
Questions from the mental staus exam such as "would you please tell me your name and do you you know what the date is today help assess...
|
orientation
|
|
|
A functional analysis inovles
|
learning bout a person's beahvioir
|
|
|
Clinical interviews are preferered assessment technique of many practiioners. One particular straneth of the iointerview process is...
|
the chance to get a general sttae of the client
|
|
|
The assumption behind th eus e of porectve tests as assessment tools is that...
|
the reponses come from the client's incnosious
|
|
|
DSM-IV, the most widely used classification sytsem of mental disorders, divisdes categroies allong five separe axis. The Axis I disorders are disorders...
|
that cause significiacant impairments and that may emerge and end at various points in the life cycle
|
|
|
Mental retardation is found in.... of DSM-IV
|
Axis II
|
|
|
Axis III includes....
|
any relevent general medical condition
|
|
|
Axis IV includes....
|
any relevent psychological or environmentla problem
|
|
|
A test that has a high degree of consistency is said to have good....
|
realiability
|
|
|
All of the folloing are ways to meausre validiyt, excetot...
|
concrete
|
|
|
Define psychotherapy
|
a structured form of treatment consisteing of ne or more verbal interactions between client and therapist
|
|
|
Define REBT
|
a theraputirc approach that focuses on replacing irrational, maladaptive beliefs with more maladaptive beliefs
|
|
|
Define cognitive distortion
|
errors in thinking
|
|
|
Define managed health care
|
HMOS
|
|
|
Define manifest content
|
the material of a dream the individual experiences and reports
|
|
|
Define rebound anxiety
|
strong aniety following withdrawl from an anti-anxiety medication
|
|
|
Define SSRI
|
antidepressant medications that block the reuptake or reabsortion of serotonin
|
|
|
Define deinstitutionalization
|
the policy of reintegratubg mental patients into society
|
|
|
Define dydtematic desensitazation
|
behavioral tehcnique involving the exposure to progressively more fearful suimuli while remaining relzed. Used for the treatment of phobias
|
|
|
Define eclectic orientatino
|
incorporating pschodynamic, behavioral and cognitive apporahces
|
|
|
Define family therapy
|
therapy in which the family, not the indiviudal, is the focus of treatment
|
|
|
Define ECT
|
a technique involving the administration of electricall shock to the head
|
|
|
Define tricyclics
|
a group of antidepresseants medications that increase the activity of noorepinphrine and serotnion in the brain
|
|
|
Define primary prevention
|
preventing preoblems from arising in the first place
|
|
|
Define lithium
|
a medication that stablized mood sqings of patients and bipolatr disorder
|
|
|
Define displacing
|
transferring impulses toward unacceptable objects onto more acceptable objects
|
|
|
Define counter transference
|
the transfer of feelings that the therapist holds toward others persons onto a client
|
|
|
Define latent content
|
the symbolic content of a dream
|
|
|
Define modeling
|
leraning desires behvaiors throught he observation of otehrs
|
|
|
Define client centered therapy
|
also called a person-centered therapy
|
|
|
Define unconditioned positive regard
|
unconditionally accepted
|
|
|
Define CBT
|
a therapy that focues on changing overt behavior and underlying thoughts
|
|
|
Define tolerance
|
a psysiological sign of dependence
|
|
|
Define antidepresseants
|
medications used to treat depression
|
|
|
Define psychoanalysis
|
a method of psychotherapy developed by Freud
|
|
|
Define resistance
|
the blocking of thoughts or emotions that would elicit anxiety
|
|
|
Define token economy
|
an operant conditioning technique in which clients earn token for performing appropriate behavior
|
|
|
Define empathy
|
understanding someone's experiences from their point of view
|
|
|
Define metaanalysis
|
a statistical technique averaging the results of large number of studies
|
|
|
Define person centered therapy
|
a type of humanistic therapy characterized by acceptance
|
|
|
Define transference relationship
|
the cleints transfer of emotions or attitudes onto the therapist
|
|
|
Define secondary prevention
|
attempts to reduce existing problems at an early stge
|
|
|
Define neuroleptics
|
antipsychotic drugs
|
|
|
Define free association
|
verbalizing uncensored thoughts as they come to mind
|
|
|
Define object relations
|
the individual's relationshps to the internalized representations of others' personalities that have been introjected within the individual ego structure
|
|
|
Define genuiness
|
the abilility to be open about one's feelings
|
|
|
Define congruence
|
the fit between one's thoughts, emotions and behaviors
|
|
|
Define insight
|
awareness and understanidng o ofne's motives and emotions
|
|
|
Which of the following is the process of uttering uncensored thoughts as they come to your mind?
|
freee association
|
|
|
Which of the following is not one of the deining chracteristics of psychotherapy?
|
psychotherapy involves a core fundamental system of interaction and techniquers used by all theraputic orientations
|
|
|
A psychotherapist having difficulties in his marriage begins arguing more and more with his female clients. His behavior may be an illustration of...
|
countertransference
|
|
|
All of the following are antidepressent medications except...
flucetine setaline amitrplyline fluoxine |
fluoxine
|
|
|
According to cognitive therapists.....
|
irrational thought prossesses lead to abnormal behaivor
|
|
|
Research suggests that all of the following are barriers that prevent ethnic minorities from utiliing mental health services except....
|
cultural barrers
institutional barriers econonomic barriers |
|
|
Which of the following has gained widespread attention and support as a means of assissting individuals overcome fears and phobias?
|
behavior therapy
|
|
|
Which of the following may be produced by the regular use of benzodiasephines?
|
tolerance
|
|
|
A managed care system most likely advoacate whihc of the following types of treatment for a depressed paitent?
|
cognitive-behavioral therpay
|
|
|
Whihc of the following would a humanistic therapist ac ept as an apprporitate outcome measure for the client?
|
client self report regarding his or her state
|
|
|
Research indicates that psychotheray is....
|
effective
|
|
|
Evidence regarding psychological treatment of low income groups and people of olor indicate that.....
|
psychotherapy is helpful regardless of the cultural sensitivity of the therapist
|
|
|
Selective serotonin reuptae inhibitiros (SSRIs) such as prozac....
|
increase the availability of serotonin in the brain
|
|
|
Systematic desensitization, modeling, and aversive conditioning are all forms of....
|
bheavioral therapy
|
|
|
ECT is a controversial treatment for derpession because....
|
it reamins unclear how or why it works
it reuslts in memory loss |
|
|
The nerve that joins the ...... and the ....... is servered in a prefrontal lobotomy
|
thalamus; prefrontal cortex
|
|
|
A/An........... orientation draws upon the theories and techniques expoused by two or more theoreticcal oreintations in psychology
|
eclectic
|
|
|
Simon dreamed he owned a house and a large farm. The unconsious material this dream sysmbolizes is known as the dream's....
|
latent content
|
|
|
The token economy is a ...... approach based upon......
|
behavioral; operant conditioning
|
|
|
A central difference between traditional and newer forms of psychoanalysis is that...
|
newer approaches focus more on an individual's present relationships and encourage the inividuals to make adaptive behavior changes
|
|
|
The process by which clients are exposed to progresssively more fearful stimuli while remaining deeply relzed is known as........... This theraputic tehcnique is especially useful for the treatment of fears and phobias.
|
systematic desensitation
|
|
|
According to Rogeers, an effective therapist should possess four basic qualitites. These include....
|
unconditional positive regard, empathy, congruence, and genuinness
|
|
|
Rogers believed an effecctive therapist must be accepting of the cleint as a person, even if the therapist seems to sometimes disagrees with the client's hoices or behaivor. This illustrates the importance of....
|
unconditional positive regard
|
|
|
Ellis therapetuic appraoch, whihc isncludes actively disputing an indivudal's self defeating belieff system is refered to ass...
|
rational emotive behavior therapy
|
|
|
Therapists who draww upon the techniquees of different schools of therapy without necessarily adopting the theoretical orientations assocaited with these techniques are known as....
|
technical eclectics
|
|
|
Al of the folliwung are problems associng with internet counseling except...
|
all of these are:
online therapists may not be able to provide the more intensive services tat clients need during periods of emotonal distress it is unclear whther mental health proessional can legally provide online services to residents of states in which the therapists are not lisences there is no system in place for ensuring that online therpaist are qualified practionaizeers |
|
|
Family therapists utilize a...... apporach to understand the dynamics of the famil and the emotional problems that may arise with it
|
systems
|
|
|
David used tranquilizers on a reguar basis to help him sleep. Lately, he has been experienceing significant levels of anxiety and insomnia, which have been more distressing than what he experienced prior to the meidcaitons. Its likely that David is experiecing .....
|
rebound anxiety
|
|
|
Many communtiy mental health centers administer transitional treatment facilities in the community such as.....which provide sheltered lving environmonet to help clients adjust to the community
|
halfway houses
|
|
|
Indicated preventive interactions, which are directed toard individuals who display early signs of mental disorder are referred to as...... interventions
|
secondary prevenation
|
|
|
The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the .....
|
behaviorla model
|
|
|
The model of abnormality that concentrates on thiking is the...
|
cognitive modell
|
|
|
The mdoel of abnormality that focuses on the roles of behavior in culturall context is that....
|
sociocultural model
|
|
|
"Abnormal" behaviors-indeed, all behaviors--are acquired through learning. Which model of abnormality does this quote most likely represent?
|
behhvaioral
|
|
|
Electroconvulsive therpay (ECT) is use most often in the t reament of.....
|
depression
|
|
|
Freud believd that the three central aspects to personality are....
|
the id, ego and superego
|
|
|
"Get it, and get it now!" might be an appropriate motto for the...
|
id
|
|
|
If you imagine biting into a big , juicy, sour lemon, you are likely to salivate. THe lemon is an example of...
|
an unconditionaed stimulus
|
|
|
Animals and humans lern without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called
|
modeling
|
|
|
The form of therapy that helps clients recogniz errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events is called...
|
cognitive
|
|
|
Define TABD
|
behavior pattern characterized by a sesne of time urgency, competiveness, and hostility; associated with a higher risk of CHD
|
|
|
Define AIDS
|
an immunological disease caused by HIV
|
|
|
Define mantra
|
a word or phrase that is reapeated to induce relaxation
|
|
|
Define stress
|
a demand madne on an organizem to adapt or adjust
|
|
|
Define endocrine system
|
the system of glabds that secrete hormones
|
|
|
Define alarm reaction
|
the frist stage of the general adaption syndrome
|
|
|
Define problem focused coping
|
a coping style that attempts to confront the stressor directly
|
|
|
Define psycholigcial hardiness
|
stress buffering traits characterized by ommitment, control, an challenge
|
|
|
Define ateriosclerosis
|
buildup of fatty depositst along artery wall
|
|
|
Define healthy psychologist
|
a psychologist who studies the relationship between psychological factors an with psychical illness
|
|
|
Define leukoryets
|
white blood cells
|
|
|
Define acculturation
|
the process of adapting to a new culture
|
|
|
Define emotional focused coping
|
a copting style that does not seek to eliminate the stressor directly
|
|
|
Define locus of control
|
a perception of one's ability to affect outcomes
|
|
|
Define biofeedback training
|
a method of feeding back to the indiviudal infomration about bodily responses so that the individual may exert greater control over these functions
|
|
|
Define distress
|
a state of psyhcial or emotional distresss
|
|
|
Define antigens
|
substances that trigger an immune response
|
|
|
Define transcendental meditation
|
a type of mediation tthat focues on the petetion of a mantra to induce a meditative state
|
|
|
Define HIV
|
the virus that causes AIDS
|
|
|
Define adjustement disorder
|
a disorder that is charactized by impaired fuctioning or emotional distreess as a repsonse to an indentified stressors
|
|
|
Define psychoneuroimmunology
|
the study of the relationship between psychologcal factors and the functioning of the endocrine, immune and nervous stystem
|
|
|
Define resistance stage
|
substances that produce white blood ceels that identify and target antigens for destructions
|
|
|
Define hornmones
|
the decond stage of the gernal adpation syndrome
|
|
|
Define arteriosceloss
|
secretions produced by the endocrine system
|
|
|
Define generla adapt syndrom
|
a diseasze involving hardening of the arteries
|
|
|
Define steroids
|
a three stage response to states of prolonged stress
|
|
|
Define catecholamines
|
testostorone, estronge, progesterone, and corticosteriods are examples
|
|
|
Define general adapt syndrom
|
a disease involing hardening of the arteries
|
|
|
Define steroids
|
the three stage response to staes of prolonged stress
|
|
|
Define catecholamines
|
terestoraone, estronge, progesterone, and scorticoseteriods anda examples
|
|
|
Define immune system
|
the body's system of defense against stress
|
|
|
Define bicultural theroty
|
a tehory that usggests that psychosocial adjustments is fostered by identitiatfiction with both traditonal and host ultures
|
|
|
Define stressor
|
a source of sttress
|
|
|
Define melting pot thery
|
theory that suggests acculturation helps individuals ajust to lisinv in the host culture
|
|
|
Define self effiacy expectanccies
|
expectations regarding our abilities to cope with the challenges we face
|
|
|
Define psychosomatic
|
psycholsiological
|
|
|
Define cardiodisease
|
the leading cause of death in the US
|
|
|
Define fight or flight response
|
the inborn tendancy to respond to a threat by either fighting or fleeing
|
|
|
Steve has had difficulty concentrating on his school work since his break up with his girlfriend. Steve may be suffering from a mild type of psychological disorder called
|
adjustment disorder
|
|
|
During times of stress, the ..... branch of the autonomic nervous system stimulates the realease of catecholamine that mobilze the body to deal with thearenting stressors
|
sympathetic
|
|
|
Of interest to psychoneroimmunoigst the.....is the body's system of defense against disease
|
immune systeam
|
|
|
Which of the following appears to moderate the harmful effects of stress?
|
social support
|
|
|
Bill tends to leave the room whenever his roommmates attept to discuss their concerns about behavior. Psycholigsits would probably identityf bill's sytyle of copng as...
|
emotion ocused
|
|
|
Mary belied that she perfomred well on her examination because of the amounts of studying and her personal commitment to succeed in the cours. Mary most has an.....regarding her achievements in school.
|
internal locus of control
|
|
|
Also known as the adapation stage, the.....stage of the Generla Adaption Syndrome is characterized by an attept to withdrsand prolongesd stress and preseve resource
|
resistance
|
|
|
Physical disorders in whihc psycholigcal factors are believed to play a contributing role have traditonally ben termed...
|
psycholpsyhsiological
|
|
|
Debra has been characterized by her coworked as ambitious, impatients, higly conmpetitive and sometimes hostile. Debrea exhisbits which of the following behavior patters?
|
Type A
|
|
|
WHich of the following occurs dirng the alarm stage of the genral adapation symbdrom?
|
muslce tension increase
|
|
|
The stages of the genral adaption symbdrome are...
|
alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
|
|
|
According to the reasearch in psychoneuroimmnology acculturation reduces the riks of psychological probem.
t or f |
f
|
|
|
Most of the resaeach is psychomeuroimmunoly is..
|
correational in nature
|
|
|
An indivual may contract AIDS by all the following ecept,,,
|
dontatin blood
|
|
|
Whihc of the following is not a wa of reducing type A behavior?
|
engage in competitive activities
|
|
|
According to current research, ......maya increase the life exercantaices of breast cancer patients.
|
social suppose
|
|
|
Which of the following groups is likely to die from coronary heart disease?
|
Black Non-Hispanic
|
|
|
Which of the following is NOT associated with an increased risk of coranoy heart dises?
|
psychological resilience
|
|
|
In a study of first year law sudents, ........ was associated with better immune system response. This outcome was supported by studies of pregant womena dn heart disease
|
optimism
|
|
|
Which of the following is not assocaited with increaded rates of survival for indivudal who have suffered from a heart attack?
|
attributing the hear attack to stress
|
|
|
All of the folowing pla a role in mediating the negative effects of stress, except///
|
TABP
|
|
|
One reason why persistent stress may eventaully exhaust our capacity to cope is the...
|
contious secretion of ceorticosteriod that can supress the activity of the immune system
|
|
|
Occupations that are characteriszed by...... control and .....demand have been correlated wth greater risk of cardiovasucular disease
|
low; high
|
|
|
Used to induce relazation a.....is repated to anrrow consiousness
|
mantra
|
|
|
During the alarm reaction stage of the general adaption syndroem, the body is mobilized for defnse. This response pattern s also termed....
|
fight or glith
|
|
|
An individuals expectations regarding his or her ability to cope with challeneges to perform certain behaviors skillfyly and to produce positive change in his or her life is referred to as...... expectancies
|
self-efficary
|
|
|
Business executive who resisted illness depsire havey burdens of stress displayed all of the dollowing except a...
|
high competivieness
|
|
|
Which of the following groups has the highest rates of hypertension among indivudal aged twenty to seventy-four?
|
non-hispanic black
|
|
|
The flighr or figh system is controlled in part by the....
|
sympathietc nervous system
|
|
|
Posttraumatic stress disoderes....
|
....
|
|
|
A pattern of anxiety, insomina and depressions and flashbacks persisted for less than a motnh after a horrible event is called...
|
acute stress disorder
|
|
|
One distinciton that DSMiIV makes between acute stress disroder and posttammatuic is based on...
|
how long the sympotoms last
|
|
|
Whihc of the following does not characterize stress disorder?
|
compulsions
|
|
|
Whihc of the folloiwing typifies posttarammatuic stress disorder?
|
increased arousla anxiety and guilt.
|
|
|
Some psychologists have been trained to prescribe drugs.
True or False |
true
|
|
|
In many states, people can set up shop as a psychotherapist without any kind of credentials or license
true or false |
true
|
|
|
In classical psychoanalysis, clients are asked to express whatever thought happens to come to mind, no matter how seemingly trivial or silly.
true or flase |
true
|
|
|
Psychotherapy is no more effective than simply letting time take its course
true or false |
false
|
|
|
Antidepressants are used only to treat depression
true or false |
false
|
|
|
Sending jolts of electricity into a person brain can often help relieve severe depression
true or false |
true
|
|
|
------ is a structured form of treatment derived from a psychological framework that consists of one or more verbal interactions or treatment sessions between a client and a therapist
a. psychoanalysis b. psychoteherapy c. counseling d. treatment |
b. psychotherpay
|
|
|
The method of verbalizing thoughts as hey occur wihtout a consious attempt to edit or censure them is called....
a. psychoanalysis b. free association c. psychodynamic therap |
b. free association
|
|
|
In psychoanalysis, ----- refers to the cleints transfer or generalization to the analyst of feleling and attidueedes the cient holds toward important figures in his or her life.
a. transferece relationship b. countertransference c. dream analysis |
a. transferece relationship---
|
|
|
----is a behavoir therpay technique for overcoming such fears though direct exposure to increasinlgy fearful stimuli.
|
gradual exposure
|
|
|
A behavioral treatment program in which a controlled environment is constructed such that people are reinforced for desired behaviors by reciecing tokens that may be exhanged for desired rewards is called...------
|
a token economy
|
|
|
The ability to understand someone's experience and feelings from that person's point of view is called...
|
empathy
|
|
|
------s a theraputic approach that focuses on helping clients replace irrational, maladaptive beliefs with alternative, more adaptive beliefs
|
rational emotional behavior therapy
REBT |
|
|
Diazepam (Valium) and Alprazolam (Xanax) as well as other hypnotic sedatives such as triazolam (Halcion) and fluazepam (Dalmane) are all...
|
antianxiety drugs
|
|
|
A method of treating severe depression by administereing electric shock to the head is called...
|
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
|
|
|
The polictty of shifting care for paitents with severe or chronic mental health problems from inpaitent facilities to community based facilities is called....
|
deinstitutaionlizaton
|
|
|
-----reders to efforts to amelioriate exisiting psychological problms at an early stage
|
secondary prevention
|
|
|
If concentrating on your schoolwork has become difficult because of a breakup of a recent romance, you could be experienceing pschological disorder.
a. true b. false |
true
|
|
|
Your body continually conducts search and destpry missions to find and eradicate foreing invaders
true or false |
true
|
|
|
Surpizingly, stress makes you more resitant to the common cold.
true or false |
false
|
|
|
Writing about traumatic expeieriences may be good for your psychical and emtional health
true or false |
true
|
|
|
Immignrants show better psychological adjustment when they forsake their cultural hertigage and adopt the values of the host culture
true or false |
false
|
|
|
Pregannt women with more optimisitc attutdes tend to give higer brith wieght babies.
|
true
|
|
|
Compelling evidence now exists that psychotherapy can increase surivial rates in cancer pairetns
true or false |
false
|
|
|
A psychologist who studies the role of psychological factors in psycial illness is called----
|
a health psychologist
|
|
|
----is a maladaptive reaction to an indentified stressor, characterized by impaired functioned or emotional distress that exceeds what would normally be expected.
|
an adjustment disorder
|
|
|
The system of ductless lands that secrete hornmones directly into the blodstream is called...
|
the endocrine system
|
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These cells form the major part of the body's system against bacteria, are shown here attacking a pathogen. They are 0---
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white blood cells
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You are more liekly to develop a cold during stressful times in your life
t or f |
true
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The alarm reaction, the fight or flith reaction adn the resitance stage are all part of-----
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general adpation syndrome
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Pressure to adjust to a host or mainstream culture is called
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accultative stres
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Beliefs in one's ability to accomplish particular task is referred to as...
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self eddiacary expectancies
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a growing contempory movement that focuses on the positive attributes of human bhavior is called...
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positive psychology
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