Abnormal Psychology

Front 1

How should we define abnormal?

Back 1

Abnormality is usually determined by the presence of several characteristics at one time.

Front 2

What is statistical infrequency?

Back 2

A behaviour that occurs rarely or infrequently.

(ex. a 14 year old who just started to wet the bed).

Front 3

What is violation of norms?

Back 3

A behaviour that defies/goes against social norms.

(ex. the anti-social behaviour of a psychopath is unsettling to observers & violates norms).

Front 4

Violation of norms is relative to ______________.

Back 4

One's own culture or group.

Front 5

What is personal distress?

Back 5

A behaviour that creates personal suffering, distress, or torment in a person.

(ex. depression; some disorders do not fit this criteria however)

Front 6

What is a disorder that is known not to create personal distress in the sufferer?

Back 6

Psychopaths are often not distressed by their behaviours or actions.

However, those viewing their behaviour may become distressed.

Front 7

What is disability or dysfunction?

Back 7

A behaviour that causes impairment in some important area of life.

(ex. work, relationships, etc).

Front 8

What is unexpectedness?

Back 8

A surprising or out-of-proportion response to environmental stressors.

Front 9

In terms of unexpectedness, we would expect someone to be _____ instead of laugh after they lost a loved one.

Back 9

A) sad

Front 10

Define psychopathology.

Back 10

dunno yet

Front 11

Pre-scientific inquiry tells us that mental disorders were believed to be caused by _______

Back 11

a) events beyond the control of human kind

(ex. behaviour that seemed outside individual control)

Front 12

Events beyond the control of humankind were regarded as ____________.

Back 12

supernatural.

(ex. earthquakes, eclipses, fires, diseases, etc.)

Front 13

Many early philosophers, theologians, and physicians believed that _________ behaviour reflected the displeasure of __________ or ___________.

Back 13

a) deviant

b) [displeasure of] the gods or

c) possession by demons

Front 14

Define demonology.

Back 14

The doctrine that an evil being (such as the devil) is living within a person and can control said persons mind and body.

Front 15

Given that abnormal behaviour was caused by possession, treatment often involved ___________.

Back 15

a) exorcism

Exorcism was found in early records of the Chinese, Egyptians, Babylonians and Greeks.

Front 16

What would be an example of the less extreme types of exorcism?

Back 16

- prayers

- noise-making

- forcing the "possessed" persons to drink brews

Front 17

What would be an example of the more extreme types of exorcism?

Back 17

- flogging

- starvation

this rendered the body "uninhabitiable" to demons/devils.

Front 18

Trepanning involved what kind of surgical operation?

Back 18

It involved making a surgical opening in a living skull using an instrument/tool.

Front 19

Trepanning was a treatment used by ____________.

Back 19

Stone Age or Neolithic cave-dwellers.

Front 20

Trepanning was mostly used to treat what psychological disorders?

Back 20

Epilepsy and headaches.

(These were attributed to demons).

Front 21

Trepanning was introduced to the Americas from _______.

Back 21

Siberia.

Front 22

Trepanning was a practice most common in _____ and _______.

Back 22

a) Peru

b) Bolivia

Front 23

Three Aboriginal specimens of trepanning were found in _____________________.

Back 23

British Columbia.

Front 24

Hippocrates separated medicine from __________, ________ and __________.

Back 24

a) religion

b) magic

c) superstition

Front 25

Hippocrates mainly rejected the belief that the gods ____________________________.

Back 25

Sent physical diseases and mental disturbances as punishment.

Front 26

Hippocrates is one of the earliest proponents of _________________________.

Back 26

Somatogenesis.

(genesis = origin).

Front 27

Somatogenesis is the belief that:

Back 27

Mental disorders are caused by aberrant functioning in the soma (physical body). This disturbs both thoughts and action.

Front 28

Psychogenesis is the belief that:

Back 28

Mental disorders have their origin is psychological malfunctions.

Front 29

Hippocrates' Mental Classifications are:

Back 29

1. Mania

2. Melancholia

3. Phrenitis (brain fever)

Front 30

What did Hippocrates' humoral physiology treatments prescribe for melancholia?

Back 30

- tranquility

- proper nutrition

- abstinence from sexual activity

Front 31

Hippocrates believed mental health depends on a balance of ___________ in the body

Back 31

four humours.

Front 32

Imbalances and results say blood is equal to _____.

Back 32

changeable temperament.

Front 33

Imbalances and results say black bile equals _______________.

Back 33

melancholia.

Front 34

Imbalances and results say yellow bile is equal to __________ and _______________.

Back 34

a) irritability

b) anxiousness

Front 35

Imbalances and results say phlegm is equal to ___________ and ________.

Back 35

a) sluggishness

b) dullness

Front 36

During the Dark Ages, _______ gained in influence and ______ was declared independent of the state.

Back 36

a) churches

b) papacy

Front 37

___________________ replaced physicians in the Dark Ages. They were considered healers and authorities on _________________.

Back 37

a) christian monasteries

b) mental disorders

Front 38

The _______ in the Dark Ages cared for and nursed the sick.

Back 38

monks

Front 39

Monks in the Dark Ages nursed and cared for the sick by doing three things:

1.

2.

3.

Back 39

1. prayed

2. touching the sick with relics

3. concocting potions for them to ingest

Front 40

Until the end of the ___________ century, there were very few mental hospitals exisiting in Europe.

Back 40

15th

Front 41

In the 12th century, England and Scotland had _____________ hospitals.

Back 41

220 leprosy [hospitals].

Front 42

After leprosy gradually disappeared from Europe, the attention turned to the ____________.

Confinement began in the ________ centuries.

Back 42

a) mentally ill

b) 15th-16th [centuries]

Front 43

Leprosariums were converted into _____________. They took in two types of people: ____________ and ____________.

Back 43

a) asylums

b) beggars and,

c) disturbed people

Front 44

In asylums, there was no specific regimen for the inmates but _______.

Back 44

work

Front 45

Despite wanting to "help the mad", hospitals tailored for the ____________________________.

Back 45

confinement of the mentally ill.

Front 46

St. ______ of __________ was founded in _____ in London. It was devoted solely to confining the mentally ill.

Back 46

a) Mary

b) [of] Bethlehem

c) 1243

Front 47

In St. Mary of Bethlehem, conditions were deplorable. Define "bedlam".

Back 47

Bedlam: a descriptive term for a place or scene of wild uproar and confusion.

Front 48

St. Mary of Bethlehem eventually became London's great paid ________.

Viewing the _______ patients was considered ________________.

Back 48

a) tourist attractions

b) violent [patients]

c) entertainment

Front 49

Medical treatments were often:

Back 49

a) crude and

b) painful

Front 50

Benjamin ______ (1745-1813) is considered the father of _______________________.

Back 50

a) Rush

b) American psychiatry

Front 51

Benjamin Rush believed that mental disorder was caused by ________.

Rush's favorable treatment for patients was to draw great quantities of ________ (Farina, 1976).

Back 51

a) an excess of blood in the brain

b) blood from the brain

Front 52

Rush believed that __________ could be cured by being __________.

Back 52

a) lunatics

b) frightened