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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diagnosis
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labbling of groups
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Reliability
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Constancy of measurement
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Interrater reliability
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degree that two observers agree on what they measured
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Alternate form reliability
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extent that the two forms of the test are consistent
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Internal consistency reliability
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asses that the items on a test are related to one another
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Validity
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does a measure, measure what it is meant to measure
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Content validity
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covers the topic of interest
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Criterion validity
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measure is associated in an expected way with some other measure e.g. A pilot takes a paper test which should relate to his flight practical
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Concurrent validity
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relates to criterion validity and occurs when two (or more) variables are measured at the same point in time
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Predictive validity
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One test predicts the other over time
e.g IQ test predictive of grades |
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Construct validity
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measuring what you think and how you are
Define a abstract construct: creativity |
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DSM-5
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Focuses on cultural issues plus separate dimensions to rate people
- More personal |
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AXIS 1
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Psychiatric and medical Diagnoses
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AXIS 2
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Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
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AXIS 3
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Scale of severity of the disorder
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Changes as we head towards DSM-5
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- Cultural awareness
e.g.appendix; culturally bound symptoms - Clearer wording |
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good Diagnostic system
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1. Clear descriptions
2. Reliability and validity 3. Complete 4. Simple (parsimony) 5. Exclusive categories |
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Advantages of Diagnosis
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1. Organizes important similarities and differences between patients
2. Prediction of outcome 3. crucial for epidemiological research 4. Treatment is faster, more rational and effective |
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Disadvantages of Diagnosis
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1. "pigeon-holing"
2. Self-fulfilling prophecy effects 3. Stigma 4. Environmental influences are ignored 5. Creates an allusion of understanding |
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How many assessments are good
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more the better!
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Clinical Interviews
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good report, create a safe space allow the patient to talk about their needs, recognizing the difficulties of exposing intimate details
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SCID
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Structured interview: specific questions used "did you ever hear voices no one else heard"
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Stress
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experience of distress in response to environmental problems.
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LEDS
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Life Events & Difficulties Scale
scale designed to measure life stress |
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Personality tests
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1. PAI (personality assessment inventory)
2. Objective Personality tests 3. Projective personality tests |
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PAI
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person completes a questionnaire and state whether statements assessing habits apply to them
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Objective Personality tests
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MMPI: over 300 true false questions
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Projective personality tests
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Indirect methods
1. Rorschach 2. TAT (thematic apperception test |
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Rorschach
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ink blot test
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TAT
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abstract image “tell me the story about what you see.."
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Intelligence Tests
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Founder: Alfred Benet
french school children |
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Observation
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Direct: therapist observes
Self observation: use of diary |
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Reactivity
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change in behavior in response to being watched
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Brain Imaging
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Structure: CT, MRI (see clearly the structure of the brain)
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Neurotransmitter assessment
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Function: PET ingest substances that will show up to observe the activity of the brain
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fMRI
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asses brain structure and function
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Neuropsychological assessment
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Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebrasa
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Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebrasa
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asses motor speed, memory and special abilities
“circle all the A’s” |
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Psychophysiological assessment
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EEG; measures of electrical activity in the ANS
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strategies to minimize cultural bias in assessment
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1.Basic issues in assessment such as reliability and validity
2.ways that culture or ethnicity may impact assessment 3.culture/ethnicity doesn’t impact assessment in every case |
