Abnormal Psych Chapter 5 Ptsd

Front 1

What is a traumatic event

Back 1

Something that causes risk or Serious injury or threat of death.

Front 2

Bike events in ordinary assumptions

Back 2

We Believe personal invulnerability, The World Isn't meaningful and just place, things happen for a good reason, bad things do not happen to good people.

Allows us to function better.

If these views are changed or tainted by an event one can question whether somehow we are a bad person the world is bad and things like that it changes their perspective. Can be much harder to go about life.

Front 3

National prevalence rates

Back 3

- most people who experience a traumatic event do not go on to have PTSD.

- about 7% develop ptsd

- over a 12-month prevalence rate 3.6% men 9.7% women.

-women at high risk.

Front 4

Rate of PTSD

Back 4

-The rate of PTSD after one traumatic event is fairly low. The rate increases with the increase of traumatic events one experiences in their lifetime.

Experiencing more traumatic events makes you more likely to develop PTSD.

-Higher rate of PTSD development in sexual and physical assaults.

-Sexual assault / rape has a strong Association to PTSD for women

- the type of traumatic event matters in the context of possibly developing PTSD. And the more traumatic experiences you have the more likely you are to develop PTSD.

Front 5

PTSD and acute stress disorder DSM-5

Back 5

- DSM-5 trauma and stressor Related Disorders, no longer considered anxiety disorders, PTSD, acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, reactive attachment disorder...

Front 6

PTSD DSM-5

Back 6

A. The person was exposed to death, threatened death, actual or threatened Serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence, as follows;

-Direct exposure,

-witnessing / in person, and

-directly via learning or relative or close friend was exposed,

-repeated or extreme interact exposure EG First Responders (not on media)

B. Intrusion symptoms (one or more)

- recurrent and intrusive distressing Recollections of the event including images, or perceptions. And young children representative play with the trauma themes.

- recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Nightmares.

- dissociative / disconnected Recollections which may occur on a continuous form brief episodes to complete loss of consciousness.

C. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma (one or more)

- avoiding trauma-related thoughts or feelings.

-Trauma-related external reminders examples being people, places, conversations, activities, objects or stimulus.

D. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood that are associated with the traumatic event (two or more)

- inability to recall key features of the traumatic event.

- persistent and often distorted negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world.

- persistent distorted blame of self or others her causing the traumatic event or four resulting consequences.

- negative trauma-related emotions such a shame and guilt, diminished interest, constricted emotions, feeling alienated.

E. Alterations in arousal and reactivity that are associated with the traumatic event (two or more)

- irritable or aggressive behavior

- self-destructive or Reckless Behavior

- hyper-vigilance

- exaggerated startle

- difficulty concentrating

F. Persistence of symptoms for more than one month.

G. Significant distress and impairment.

Front 7

Icd-11 has to PTSD diagnosis / simple PTSD, complex PTSD

Back 7

- simple PTSD includes criteria overlapping with b c and d but is more narrow in scope then DSM-5 requires one symptom per cluster b c and d.

- there is criticism that the DSM-5 is too broad. Also criticism of Western bias that emphasis on single traumatic event versus chronic long-term stress exposure.

Front 8

Acute stress disorder

Back 8

Same symptoms as PTSD accept criteria for a duration of one month or less. If symptoms continue longer than a month it could be considered PTSD.

Front 9

Explanations of PTSD vulnerability

Back 9

-Sociocultural factors: include severity, duration, proximity of trauma. Social support.

-Psychological factors: include personal exemptions, distress, coping styles.

-Biological factors: include physiological hyperreactivity, genetics.

Front 10

Biological explanations of PTSD

Back 10

-If you have an overactive amygdala you're more likely to react quickly to threat and to perceived threat.

-the hypothalamus signaling to the pituitary gland, and the pituitary gland signaling to the adrenal gland to release cortisol.

- if you have PTSD then your body can begin to detect the regularly and stay primed all the time. That can cause problems with your cortisol and your immune system. It can also decrease the effectiveness of your immune system. This is the link to the irritability and heightened arousal symptom of PTSD.

Front 11

Treatment for PTSD

Back 11

- the most effective treatment of PTSD consists of exposure to the memory of the trauma.(exposure) go over event in a safe space and work threw it. exposure therapy.

- cognitive processing therapy, focuses on the effect or the emotions that go with it.

- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.

- seeking safety - for comorbid/ PTSD, AND SUD, is a treatment that does directly try to help people build skills to manage their symptoms of PTSD and skills to manage substance use. Is not exposure-based.

Front 12

Stage Theory Herman 1992 treatment

Back 12

Argued that you ought to approach treating people who had a lot of trauma exposure and stages.

-Stage 1: focuses on safety and self-care. Skill-building.

- 2nd stage: meaning making and coherence. Exposure.

- stage 3: reconnection. Trying to rebuild relationships.

Front 13

PTSD treatment medication

Back 13

Include ssris and benzodiazepines, can be useful for the short-term control of PTSD symptoms.

Front 14

Recovery?

Back 14

Decrease or absence and symptoms.

Not generally considered in treatment being successful or not is if one is Recovering to the degree of functioning they had before the traumatic event.