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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common causes of the retention of CO2 (Respiratory Acidosis)
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Pneumonia
Drug Overdose Pulmonary Edema Pneumothorax |
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Common causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
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Pain, Anxiety and Fear
Fever Asthma CHF Pulmonary Embolus |
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Common causes of gain of acid or loss of base (Metabolic Acidosis)
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Renal Failure
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Aspirin Overdose Anaerobic Metabolism Loss of Base- Diarrhea |
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Common causes of gain of base or loss of acid (Metabolic Alkalosis)
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Gain of Base- Increased Antacids or administration of Bicarb
Loss of Acid- Vomiting, Nasogastric Suctioning, Diuretics, Steroids, Increase in Aldosterone, Low K+ or Cl- levels |
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Normal PaO2
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95-100 mm Hg
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Normal PaCO2
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35-42 mm Hg
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Normal pH
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7.35-7.45
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Normal Bicarb (HCO3-)
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22-26 mEq/L
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Normal Base excess
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-2.4 to +2.3 mEq/L
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Normal Arterial O2 saturation (SaO2)
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96-98%
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Normal Na+
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135-142 mEq/L
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Normal K+
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3.8-5 mEq/L
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Normal Ca2+
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4-5 mEq/L
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Normal Mg2+
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3 mEq/L
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Normal Cl-
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95-102 mEq/L
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pH-7.27
PaCO2- 58 mmHg HCO3- 30 mEq/L |
Respiratory Acidosis
Compensated |
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What is Carbonic Acid?
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Created when excess of CO2 combines with water
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How is Lactic Acid formed?
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Poor blood supply stops oxidative metabolism
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An acid is a substance that, when dissolved in water produces a net of what?
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H+ ions
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A base is a substance that, When dissolved in water, produces a net of what?
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OH- (Hydroxide) ions
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How does CO2 affect the respiratory mechanism?
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Excess CO2 increases stimulation of the respiratory muscles by the medulla
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What is PaCO2?
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The measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma
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Explain why we breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2...
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Hemoglobin has an affinity for the O2 molecule. There is less O2 and more CO2 near the cells due to metabolism. In the capillaries the blood is more acidic. The lower pH changes the affinity and the O2 is released. In the O2 depleted environment, the CO2 is able to ride back to the lungs and out of the body.
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What are the three main buffer systems and which is fastest?
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Bicarbonate, Phosphate and Protein. BiCarb is the fastest
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When Carbonic Acid is changed to bicarbonate the simple formula is...
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H2CO3= HCO3- + H+
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Amount of bicarb is controlled by what organ?
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Kidneys
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What is the formula showing the Carbonic Acid/Bicarb Buffer system?
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CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3- + H+
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Normal pH is maintained by balancing what?
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Carbonic Acid and Bicarb
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Alkalosis with a high PaCO2 indicates what?
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Metabolic
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Alkalosis with a low PaCO2 indicates what?
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Respiratory
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Acidosis with a high PaCO2 indicates what?
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Respiratory
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Acidosis with a low PaCO2 indicates what?
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Metabolic
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Boys Have Cheesy Mustaches And Hide Crumbs Regularly
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Base High CO2 Metabolic
Acid High CO2 Respiratory |
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What is an average amount and type of solution given intravenously to treat dehydration?
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2-3 L of normal saline (0.9% NaCl)
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