Aba Whitebook Ch. 19

Front 1

shaping

Back 1

using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior. Members of an existing response class are selected for differential reinforcement because they more closely resemble the terminal behavior.

Front 2

differential reinforcement

Back 2

Reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimension(s) (i.e. frequency, topography, duration, latency, or magnitude) and placing all other responses in the class on extinction.

Front 3

clicker training

Back 3

a term popularized by Pryor (1999) for shaping behavior using conditioned reinforcement in the form of an auditory stimulus. A handheld device produces a click sound when pressed. The trainer pairs other forms of reinforcement (e.g. edible treats) with the click sound so that the sound becomes a conditioned reinforcer.

Front 4

response differentiation

Back 4

A behavior change produced by differential reinforcement: Reinforced members of the current response class occur with greater frequency, and unreinforced members occur less frequently (undergo extinction); the overall result is the emergence of a new response class

Front 5

successive approximation

Back 5

The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement; each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces

Front 6

fading

Back 6

A procedure for transferring stimulus control in which features of an antecedent stimulus (e.g., shape, size, position, color) controlling a behavior are gradually changed to a new stimulus while maintaining the current behavior; stimulus features can be faded in (enhanced) or faded out (reduced).

Front 7

terminal behavior

Back 7

the end product of shaping