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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the granuloycytes and agranulocytes?
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granulocytes:
have primarey and secondary (specific) granules, primary = lysosomes, secondary = neutrophils eosinophils - red acidic dye basophils - blue basic dye neutrophils - neutral agranulocytes: do not have specific granules -monocytes -lymphocytes |
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What is the proportion of leukocytes in blood?
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-neutrophils (50-70 %)
-lymphocytes (20-30 %) -monocytes (3-8 %) -eosinophils (2-4 %) -Basophils (0-1 %) |
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When is there Leukocytosis and Leucopenia?
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Leukocytosis - increaesd leukocyte count
-pathologic: infections, inflammations, heat stroke etc -physiologic: pregnancy, emotions, after meal Leukopenia - low leukocyte count -excessive radiation, action of some drugs |
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What are characteristics of Neutrophils?
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2-5 lobes
more than 5 = hypersegmented (due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency) |
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What is the Band form?
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juvenile neutrophils
their number increases during acute bacterial diseases shift to the left |
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What are the functions of Neutrophils?
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can survive in anaerobic environment
has MHC many WBC capable of leaving blood - emigration or diapedesis -rolling against epithelium -sticking (adhesion) -squeezing through tiny gaps Neutrophils have integrin molecules that allow it to "roll" on endothelial lining (margination) by diapedesis it crosses endothelial wall and enters surrounding CT full process: margination --> adhesion --> diapedesis --> chemotaxis --> phagocytosis |
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What are properties of eosinophils and what happens in abnormal counts?
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bilobed nucleus
function for parasite destruction stain red-orange with acidic dyes high count = allergic reaction, autoimmune diseases or parasitic infections low count = stress, drug toxicity, chronic reactions |
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What are the functions of Eosinophils?
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phagocytosis in asthma, hay fever, and allergies
all eosinophils have receptor for IgE, important for destruction of parasite and not found on neutrophils counter effect of basophils: -histaminase (anti-histamine) -arylsulfatase (attacks SRS-A) |
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What are properties of Basophils and what happens in abnormal counts?
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stain blue-purple with basic dyes
2 lobes but nucleus is obscured with densely basophilic specific granules high count = leukemia, chronic inflammation, cancers, hypothyroidism, allergic reactions low count = acute stress, pregnancy, ovulation, hyperthyroidism |
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What are the functions of basophils?
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heparin - powerful anticoagulant
histamine - vasodilation and permeability of blood vessels and contraction of bronchi leukotrienes or Slow Releasing Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A) - contraction of smooth muscle involved in allergic reactions |
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What is the difference between mast cells and basophils?
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mast cells found in CT
basophils found in bloodstream |
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What do mast cells do?
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immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis
contains heparin and histamine |
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What are characteristics of monocytes?
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biggest leukocyte
kidney shaped nucleus become macrophages when they enter CT respond to chemotaxis |
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What are the functions of monocytes?
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act as large phagocytes
histiocytes play role in clearing abnormal RBC and production of prostaglandins and growth factors high count = viral or fungal infections, TB, syphillis, some leukemias, chronic diseases low count = bone marrow suppression, cortisol excess |
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What are some properties of Lymphocytes?
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small when inactive, large when active (depends on cytoplasm)
ONLY leukocyte with the capacity to go in and out of circulation T = 80-85 % B = 10 % NK = 5-10 % |
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What do raised white cell counts indicate about disease?
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neutrophilia = acute inflammatory response
eosinophilia = allergy and certain parasites lymphocytosis = viral infection reduction in White cells may indicate defective bone marrow |
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What are properties of Leukemia?
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signs of BM failure:
-low RBC - anemia, fatigue -low WBC - infections, fever -low platelets - bleeding Peripheral blood: -higher immature forms (BLASTS) bone marrow: -higher immature forms (BLASTS) |
