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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dexmedetomidine brand name
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dexdomitor, sedation and analgesia |
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Antagonist to dexmedetomidine—atipamazole
brand name to atipamazole |
Antisedan
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Detomidine brand name
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Dormosedan
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Romifidine brand name
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Sedivet |
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Tolazoline, Alpha 2 antagonists |
reverses cardiovascular and sedative effects |
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Yohimbine
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reverses cardiovascular and sedative effects of xylazine |
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Atipamezole
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Antisedan® , Specific antagonist for dexmedetomidine
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Opioids
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Derivatives of opiumOpiates—naturally derived compoundsProduce analgesia and sedation, preanesthetic
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commonly used opioids, agonists |
Morphine (c-11), hydromorphone, oxymorphone, fentanyl, and meperidine
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commonly used opioids, partial agonists |
Buprenorphine (c111)Agonist-antagonists-Butorphanol (c-IV) and nalbuphine
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commonly used opioids- Antagonists (not controlled)
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Naloxone, etorphine, and carfentenil
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opioids have a______margin of safety and are administered ______ |
Administered IV, IM, SC, Oral, rectal, transdermal, subarachnoid, and epidural
Wide margin of safety |
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opioids target what? |
Result of action on the receptors in the brain and spinal cord
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The effect of an opioid depends on?
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the dose, route of administration, agent used, species of patient, temperament, and pain status.
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Narcosis
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is a sleep-like state induced by high doses of an opioid.
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some effects of opioids |
bradycardia, decrease tidal volume and rate, miosis in dogs, hypothermia in dogs, hyperthermia in cats, sweating in horses, cns excitement, disorientation, GI issues, diarrhea, vomiting, facial swelling, colic, bowel obstruction, addiction, |
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The ceiling effect occurs when
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there is no greater respiratory depression with high doses than with low doses.
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Neuroleptanalgesia
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A profound state of sedation andanalgesia induced by stimultaneous administration of an opioid and atranquilizer
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Opioids that can be mixed with tranquilizers
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Morphine Buprenorphine Butorphanol Hydromorphone
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tranqs that can be mixed with opioids for sedation and analgesia |
Acepromazine DiazepamMidazolam XylazineDexmedetomidine |
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An agonist-antagonist (___) can be used to partially reverse the effects of a pure agonist
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butorphanol
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Naloxone Hydrochloride, in ___ for 5 minutes for reversal. If in ___ administer slowly for 2 minutes. duration of ___-____minutes
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IM, IV, 30-60 |
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Use of opioid antagonists |
Emergencies, OverdoseReverse neuroleptan algesiaReviving neonates delivered by C-sectionIf dam received opioidsOne drop placed under the tongue
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Butorphanol
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Dolorex- 10 mg/mL, 50 mL vialTorbugesic- 2 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 10 or 50 mL vialButorphanol- 10 mg/mL, 10 or 50 mL vialButorphic- 10 mg/mL, 20 mL vial
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Buprenorphine
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Buprenorphine- 0.3 mg/mL, 10 x 1 mL vialSimbadol- 1.8 mg/mL, 10 mL vialBuprenex- 0.3 mg/mL, 5 x 1 mL ampules
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ideal induction agent qualities |
Rapid onset of action, Smooth induction, Smooth recovery, non-irritant, Short duration of action, Non-cumulative (you can add to it), Rapid metabolism, Non toxic or no metabolites, Minimal cardiopulmonary side effects, Minimal cardiopulmonary side effects, Stable in storageProduce degree of muscle relaxation_High Therapeutic Index
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Injectable Anesthetics
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dont provide analgesic or muscle relaxation, can produce unconsciousness. Barbiturates, propofol, and etomidate |
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Barbiturates, ultra short and short
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UltrashortThiopental sodium, methohexital, and thiamylal.
shortPentobarbitalLaboratory animalsInduce general anesthesiaTreat epilepsy in small animals |
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Action of Barbiturates |
Mimics the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABACauses CNS depression and loss of consciousness
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Variations ofBarbiturate Redistribution, Thiopental
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—ultra–short-acting Redistributed to muscle and fat and slowly released
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Variations ofBarbiturate Redistribution, methohexital
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ultra–short-actingRedistributed to muscle and fat but released fasterMuscle and fat don’t get “full” so there is no prolonged recovery with continuous or repeated doses
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Phenobarbital
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—long acting Sustained effect caused by slow uptake and release from the brain Release is dependent on kidney excretion, which is slowest
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pentobarbital
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—short acting Brain levels decrease based on liver metabolism Faster than kidney excretion
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use of barbiturates |
Use alone for short procedures_Always intubate
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effects of barbiturates |
Decreased respiratory rate and tidal volume_Brief apnea__(thiopental)Shallow breaths (pentobarbital)Respiratory acidosisPoor tissue oxygenation
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Bigeminy
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_ the occurrence of two beats of the pulse in rapid succession
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adverse effects of barbiturates |
Pre-oxygenization—3-5 minutes, bigeminy, Cardiac arrhythmia with VPCs, neonate resp. depression, sloughs and tissue irritation, exaggerated potency_in sighthounds, critically ill patients, hypoproteinemic or acidotic patients
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Pentobarbital
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Primary ingredient in _euthanasia_ solutions, inject able only
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Phenobarbital
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long acting_ barbiturateUsed to treat _seizures, available in tablets and injectable
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Propofol
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Ultra–short-acting, _nonbarbiturate__ anesthetic, IV for _anesthestic induction_and short term maintence, non controlled
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propofol is _______water soluble. it can be milky and given _____ |
minimally , IV |
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effects of propofol to cns |
CNSDose-dependent depression from sedation to general anesthesia
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effects of propofol to heart |
Cardiovascular system_cardiac depressant_____Transient hypotension
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effects of propofol |
causes twitching during induction, safe to use in animals with liver disease or kidney disease. decreases intraocular pressure. |
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adverse effects of propofol |
CNSTransient excitement and muscle tremors (induction)Paddling, muscle twitching, nystagmus, opisthotonus (resembles seizures)Cardiovascular system_hypotension___—transient
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Discard unused after __ hours or __ hours of opening, ___ year shelf life if unopened. It is more ________than ketamine-diazeopamor thiopental
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24-28 hours, 3 years, expensive |
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diazepam brand and zolazepam
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Valium, telazol
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