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222 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Registry |
Database with all info & config Files, aka hives, stored in system config & user account folder 5 root keys with subkeys and values Loaded at boot |
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Open registry editor |
Start, search "regedit" |
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HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT |
Defines standard class objects windows uses |
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HKEY_CURRENT_USER && _USERS |
Stores user specific config & info |
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HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE |
All data on system's non user specific configs |
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HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG |
If local machine values have more than one option, current option stored here |
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Manual registry edits |
Make backup: file, export (entire registry or subkey) Restore: file, import or right click file and merge |
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"reg" |
Command Full registry editing tool
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"regsvr32" |
Command Add dynamic link library files as command components in registry 32 bit vs 64 bit |
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BIOS boot process |
Boot order looks for drive w. Master boot record looks for partition with os & loads it into boot sector which then loads Boot manager which begins loading os
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UEFI boot |
Has special EFI system position with its own bootmgr(.efi) |
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Bootmgr |
os Starts & reads Boot Config Data file with info on avail os' & how to load osLoads winload.exe program which prepares for os takeover of boot (loads device drivers, registry..) Loads winload.exe program which prepares for os takeover of boot (loads device drivers, registry..) |
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OS kernel |
ntoskrnl.exe Takes over boot process after winload.exe |
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Bootmgr missing |
File system corruption, bad installation, virus |
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Apps vs services |
Processes with windows (apps) or run in background for support (services) |
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Task manager access |
Ctrl shift ESC Start, search "taskmgr" Ctrl alt delete, select task manager Right click start (win 8+) |
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Task manager windows 7/vista |
-Start new task with executable command line -Debug process if running Windows debugger program -Dump file shows status of program at moment of file creation -Process priority: if set to real-time, slows entire system -Process affinity: set which CPU cores a process uses -End process tree: ends process and processes it depends on (not important system processes though) -log other users off (with proper permissions) & make sure everything saved/apps can close |
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PID |
Process identifier number Doesn't show by default in windows vista/7 task manager |
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Services applet access |
Admin tools Task manager, services, button Start, search "services.MSC" or "mmc" for Microsoft management console |
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Config services |
How services start (manual, automatic, disabled) In applet or command line: "net start serviceName" "net stop serviceName" |
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Task manager 8+ |
-Can search processes online -Processes include applications, network, & disk I/O -performance includes all metrics in one, can choose overall CPU or each logical processor -app history -startup tab -users tab shows programs in other active users -details tab for processes w. Analyze wait chain debugging tool -services tab can restart services with one click |
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Config startup programs |
Vista/7, msconfig utility startup tab 8+, task manager startup tab (include impact level of starting program) |
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Manage tasks in command line |
"tasklist"-find PID, shows memory usage "taskkill /f /pid ####"- kill task with force |
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Access resource/performance monitor |
Resource usage w. details and usage over time Admin tools in control panel Start, search "perfmon.msc" |
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Access reliability monitor tool |
Vista- in performance monitor 7+- action center, control panel |
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Objects & counters |
Object- thing w set of characteristics Counter- tracks specific info of object |
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Performance monitor |
Can add counters to objects Data collection sets can be made & customized for reports |
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Component services |
Admin tools Allows programmers to share data objects |
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Data sources windows |
Admin tools ODBC open database connectivity Access shared databases 32 vs 64 bit |
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Authentication vs authorization |
Authenticate-identify (users & groups) Authorize-defines permissions certain user has (NTFS) |
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NTFS |
Controls authorization for users & groups for windows files & folders NTFS partition has two lists for each file & folder, one list with users w access & the other with user specific permissions |
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Groups |
Admins Power users (can't install new devices or access other user's files/folders w.o permission) Users (cannot edit registry or access critical system files) Guests (no account to login) |
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Config users & groups |
Control panel, user accounts Advanced windows: Admin tools, computer management, local users & groups Admin to config users |
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Default users in vista |
Guest, admin, local account that's in admin group |
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Parental controls |
Activity reporting logs |
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Manage users win 8+ |
Settings charm, change PC settings, accounts Any email to login, not just Microsoft Local vs global account If synch, global account settings take over |
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Local users and groups vs user accounts |
Local users.. for pro win versions Can make group with users, other groups, and computers(systems) Advanced, find now option to find user accounts Can add/remove users in user's or group's properties |
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NTFS permissions |
Pro win editions Ownership(creator of f/f), take ownership (unless f/f encrypted), change (can give/take permissions), folder (specific folder permissions for user), file Config: f/f properties, security tab Assign permissions to groups for easy config Cumulative, file gets highest permission of folder it is in
Home editions don't have file permissions, only make folder private option
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NTFS file/folder permissions |
Full control Modify Read & execute Read Write Special permissions for files |
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NTFS inheritance |
F/f, when moved, gets permissions of parent folder Deny option in properties, security tab overrides inheritance permissions |
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Permission propagation |
-copy within/another volume, copy inherits new folders perm -moving within volume, retains its permissions -moving to another ntfs volume, inherits |
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Partition aka |
Volumes in windows |
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Linux command show f/f |
"l's -l" Groups & permissions listed -rwxrwxrwx Ignore first character/dash First 3 for owner, next for group w access, last are for everyone If replaced by dash, no permission
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Linux permissions |
R- read W-write/modify X- execute file or list folder contents |
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Linux commands to change owner/group of f/f |
"chown *new owner* *filename*" "chown *owner*:*new group* *filename*" Need superuser privileges |
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Linux command change permissions |
"chmod *permissions* *filename*" Permissions: R-4 W-2 X-1 Add permissions for total Total owners, groups, then everyone's Listed: 777 for all permissions for all groups 000 for no permissions for all groups |
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Public libraries |
Win 8, 8.1 right click in file explorer, show libraries to show public ones Not avail win 10 |
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Share folder |
Right click, properties, sharing tab, advanced Default only read permission for shared folders Security tab to add/edit groups and permissions Or right click f/f, share, specific people (windows domain can search network for users) Read or r/w permissions only |
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Locate shared folders |
Admin tools, computer management, system tools, shared folders, shares Can open properties box for folders in utility |
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Admin shares vs local shares |
Local shares are manually added Admin shares are default shares win creates, can't be deleted or changed Admin password protects admin shares from being messed with |
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Encrypting file system |
Pro win editions Any user encrypt individual f/f and only that user can access Attribute of f/f, r click, properties, advanced, encrypt check box Depends on user password to decrypt, if lose/reset/system fails, file lost Use valid password reset disk Copy to non NTFS drive, encryption lost Copy to NTFS drive, encryption stays and needs same user & password |
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BitLocker drive encryption |
Ultimate, enterprise, 8 pro Encrypts entire drive, not user dependent TPM chip verifies system hasn't changed at boot Can move bitlocker drive to another system with TPM chip Recovery key & password Control panel to turn on |
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Bitlocker to go |
Encryption & password protection for removable drives Doesn't need TPM cup |
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Users and groups |
User accounts NTFS Security policy User account control |
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Security policies |
Preset policies Control panel, admin tools, local security policy Or Command line "secpol.msc" Policies applies to local user accounts |
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User account control |
Let's user know when their about to do something that can have consequences Useless if all accounts are admins |
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UAC vista |
4 prompts Blocked program Unverified Verified Published by windows Turn off: Control panel, user accounts msconfig, tools tab |
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UAC win7+ |
Control panel, user accounts, UAC settings 4 settings 1. Always notify 2. Notify when prog try to make changes 3. Notify when prog try to make changes but don't dim/block desktop 4. Never |
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Maintenance vs optimization |
Maintenance keeps os running well Optimization-changes to make os better |
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Windows update |
-Control panel (win7-vista) -PC settings app (win8) -Settings app, Update & security (win10) -For patch management- updates & service packs -Important, recommended, optional updates (can hide) -Win10- updates automatically, can't choose individual updates
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Updates for Mac & Linux |
Mac- alerts you System preferences, app store Linux- software update tool |
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Cleaning Registry |
Third party utility Make sure it supports correct version of windows Can delete something you want in registry |
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Mac disk maintenance tool |
Disk utility Can partition & format external drives |
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Linux disk maintenance |
Best is disk diagnostic tool on installation DVD |
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Task scheduler |
Admin tool Choose executable program & define when want to run Triggers, actions, conditions |
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Mac, Linux tools to schedule tasks |
launchd Mac- launchdLinux- cron Linux- cron |
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Backups on windows |
Backup and restore (not win8s) File history (win8) Can set schedule (weekly or once a month min) |
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Automatic check disk |
Win 8+ &Mac check drive automatically |
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Control autostarting prog |
Win- system config & task manager Mac- sys preferences, users & groups Linux- search, startup applications |
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Sys config |
Start, search msconfig Troubleshoot, edit os & programs Win 8+ use task manager General-choose how to boot (normal vs diagnostic startup) Boot- advanced boot features, see all os available, config them, safe boot Services- like task manager Startup- enable/dis startup programs Tools- list of tools for windows |
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Slow startup program |
Programs that need to synch files across internet |
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System info |
msinfo32 Provides report of info on hardware, component, and software for local or remote system Tools include system restore and directX diagnostic tool |
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Install software win |
Autorun/autoplay enables os look & read autorun.inf file Install in admin account, some installers don't let UAC know it needs admin privileges |
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Install software mac, Linux |
Mac- System preferences, mac app store Both- Download installation program aka .dmg files, drag to applications folder Need root credentials |
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Remove software win |
App's uninstall program (in app's folder in all programs) Programs and features applet (can turn on/off windows features too) Shared files generally safe to delete |
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Remove software mac |
-Launchpad (dock or applications folder), click & hold app until wiggles -Drag to trash (leftover files) -run uninstaller |
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Remove software Linux |
Software manager, deletes and cleans everything |
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Install/optimize device |
Update driver (never beta drivers) Works? Or roll back |
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Update drivers. Mac |
App store Third party devices, need to manually check for driver updates |
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Update software/drivers Linux |
Software updater |
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Add new device |
Win7- add hardware wizard 8+- devices and printers, add device |
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Performance options |
R click "this computer", properties, task list, advanced, performance settings HVisual effects (CPU usage/ performance) -advanced: processor scheduling (performance of programs/services) & virtual memory (size/location of page file) -data execution prevention: default enabled on critical os files in RAM |
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Backup & restore vista |
System & maintenance Backup files (only user info, no apps) or entire computer |
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Backup and restore windows |
Can't backup non NTFS volumes |
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Backup and restore win 7 |
Control panel Can create system image/repair disk Backup files (user info, can select which user f/f) & system image together/separately |
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File history win 8+ |
Settings Control panel Requires second drive Not on by default Default/custom libraries backup Add on to backup and restore tool |
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Time machine |
Mac System preferences Local snapshots (full sys backups) Allows recover & restore options for files Requires external HDD/SSD/shared network drive |
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Backups in Linux |
System settings Stores as many backups until out of storage |
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System restore win |
R click "this computer", properties, system protection, create System restore makes restore points automatically (every time install new software) Only settings and programs changed, no data lost Configure to turn off/change disk space usage |
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System restore wizard |
System tools |
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Command prompt vs GUI |
Cp faster, uses OS less, uses less bandwidth for over network commands |
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Command prompt |
Can open windows GUI programs (notepad, explorer) R click, run as admin Command run on working directory Type exit to close "help" for list of commands win "man" help for Linux |
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Shell |
-Command line interpreter (input so OS can understand) -open command prompt starts a shell -can be replaced/customized -defaults: Windows- cmd.exe, can replace with PowerShell Mac/linux- bash bash
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Create admin cmd desktop shortcut |
R click desktop, new, shortcut, location: cmd, finish R click shortcut, advanced, run as admin |
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Mac & Linux based on |
Unix |
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Open Terminal mac + Linux |
-mac Applications, utilities Command+space bar "terminal" -Linux Search terminal |
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Mac Linux admin privileges |
Super user, root privileges Type "sudo" or "su" before command "Exit" to get back to normal prompt Linux- su doesn't work, then sudo doesn't prompt for password |
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Mac/Linux vs win |
Drive mounted as folder vs drive letter Linux shows current user, system, and directory / vs \ |
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How OS uses files |
Stores each program and data as individual files w filename and extension Extension is file's association (so os knows what program uses file) os has method to change file association Win GUI doesn't show extension by default in file explorer |
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Command line root directory win vs unix |
-Win: Each partition & mass storage device gets a drive letter C:\ is root directory in c drive -unix: / is root drive with root folders /mount(drives) & /media(removable media) in Linux /volumes in mac
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Case sensitive |
Win no Unix yes (two folders mike & Mike, acceptable)
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Paths |
Default Win: /home/username/folder Unix: ~ (shorthand for users folded) "pwd" command to show where command line is |
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Switch/option |
Command modification Command + target + stitch Command + switch + target Put space between Can use multiple -win: command + "/?" to show stitches and syntax -Unix: "man" + command, press q key to get back to prompt |
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Command show working directory contents |
-Win: dir Shows creation date, time, size (bytes), name, extension (<DIR> means folder, not file) /p pause switch, press enter, space bar for next page "dir" + filename to find file in working directory -Unix: ls "|more" like pause switch "-l" switch to give more details
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Pipe |
Command +"|" + command: makes output of first command go through second |
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Command to change directory/drive focus |
"cd" + path / for Unix & \ for win can use folder name only but move up/down one folder at a time "cd.." to move one directory up (towards root directory) Drive letter + ":" to point to different drive |
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Make directory command |
"mkdir" + file name "mk" + filename for windows |
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Remove directory command |
"rmdir" + directory "rm" + directory win only Won't delete if has f/f /s win switch to force delete everything "rm -r" or "rm *" + directory to force delete in Linux |
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Run program win command line |
Point to program folder location Type name and ever (.exe & .com are programs) |
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Run program Unix command line |
All files have executable property, doesn't depend on extension Built in executable files: commands, just type command Other files: "./" + executable filename to run |
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Wildcards |
"*" and "?" Replace part/all filename so command can work on multiple Works with all commands that take filename as input a*.* command will work on all files beginning with a |
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Delete files command |
"del" +filename win "rm" +filename Unix (delete files & directories) del/rm *.* delete all files in directory
No way to recover deleted files! |
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Copy/move f/f command |
1. Point to f/f location 2. "copy/move" (win) or "cp/mv" (Unix) + f/fname(s) + wildcards + path new location 3. Enter
Win- copy/move directory one at a time cp -R to copy all files in folder |
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Pruning & grafting |
Moving entire folder with all contents |
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Command to copy multiple folders |
xcopy + directory path + new path /s switch to copy all except empty subdirectories /e copies empty Win only cp/mv for Unix cp -R copies all in folder |
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Robocopy |
Win server Copy files over network robocopy + source + destination + options /mir makes destination mirror, deletes f/f in system that wasn't from source Allows admin to copy files that are blocked to admin |
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Chkdisk |
chkdsk /f. Fix f file system /r. Locate and repair bad sectors Need unlocked drive (direct access to drive) format command to format drive |
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Command display comp name |
hostname |
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Make new group policies apply now command |
gpupdate |
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Command see policy for user/comp |
gpresult + user/comp on network /R switch show summary |
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Restore win system f/f g paths command |
sfc /scannow Scans and repairs, for system corruption |
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Command shut down local/remote comp |
shutdown + comp /r switch to restart |
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Command line special keys |
F1- brings back previous command one letter at a time F3 - brings back entire command Unix: ctrl-r to search history Saves command history even when closed terminal |
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Power shell |
Search "powershell" Runs normal commands and has cmdlets Installed win 7+ |
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Command to view and change network connection settings Unix |
ifconfig ip Linux: ipSome changes revert after comp reboot |
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Unix vs win network connection terms |
eth0, eth1, en0, en1....: wired Ethernet NICs wlan0, wlan1....: wireless 802.11 NICs lo: loopback |
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Command to view and change wireless settings Unix |
iwconfig |
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Command to see running processes Unix |
"ps", like task manager |
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Command to find string in anything Unix |
grep Use with other commands "ifconfig | grep 192.169.2.23" Looks for that string in output of ifconfig |
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Package managers |
Unix Download, install, update software command APT: advanced packaging tool for Ubuntu "apt-get update" update packages before using command "apt-get install/upgrade" + software name |
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Vi |
Default text editor in Unix "vi" + name: creates text file if new name or opens text file Insert mode: edit text, i key Command mode: cut, paste, delete, save file. Default mode. Quit, "ZZ", enter: saves file |
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Copy hard drive command Unix |
dd if=/drive path of=/new path Same size drives |
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Wipe drive command Unix |
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/drive path Fills drive with random stuff |
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Change password command |
passwd |
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Linux filename exempted character |
/ |
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Failure to boot hardware or software ? |
Hardware- before POST, error message says os not found Software- after POST, tries to load os but fails |
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Failure to boot hardware |
Blank screen on boot up, error message not about a file Check connections and power If system less than 30 days old, burn in failure? Smell something? fried component Boot order correct? CMOS configured correctly? |
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Corruptible boot files |
bootmgr & BCD bcdedit fixes in winRE |
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WinPE |
Live DVD, boot directly: loads into memory, doesn't access/modify hard drive Unattended/network installations Troubleshoot & repair features in winRE aka system recovery option menu or recovery environment |
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Get to winRE in win7 |
-Windows installation media, repair option (best, avoids malware on system) -Advanced boot (F8), repair your comp option (hard drive needs to work, need admin access) -create system repair disk or system image (control panel, system & security, backup and restore)
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Get to winRE win8 |
-Installation media, repair option -recovery drive (USB, disc): control panel, recovery applet
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winRE vista/7 |
Startup repair System restore System image recovery (7)/windows complete PC restore (vista)-rebuild from backup Memory diagnostic Command prompt |
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winRE 8+ |
-Troubleshoot, turn off PC -Troubleshoot: Refresh PC Reset PC Advanced -advanced: system restore System image recovery Startup repair Command prompt Uefi firmware settings |
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Startup repair |
-Booting problem, try this first -If system detects problem, automatically runs repair -Repair registry, boot/sys files, drivers, bad service packs/patches, runs chkdsk, checks RAM -srttrail.txt lists what repair did |
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System restore |
Use restore points |
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Sys image recovery/complete PC restore |
Use backup image to restore (have image saved or remote network share) Can also format and repartition disk, restores partition to what backup system had |
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Win memory diagnostic tool |
-Bad RAM=BSoD, lockups, reboots -While tool running, F10 for options -Basic, standard, extended (hours, do overnight) -control panel, system & security, admin tools -"mdsched" command |
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WinRE command prompt |
-use when startup repair tool fails -"bootrec" command |
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BCD store |
Boot config data files: has info on os(s) installed |
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Bootrec |
"bootrec /fixboot"-rebuilds boot sector for active system position ".../fixmbr" ".../scanos"-returns windows installations not in BCD store ".../rebuildmbr"-add windows installations into BCD store if not in there |
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Command to see how windows boots |
bcdedit-shows boot options /export fileName- exports copy of BCD store to file /import fileName- imports copy of BCD back into store /set {current} or {bootmgr} path ....- changes current or bootmgr's path |
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WinRE command partitioning tool |
diskpart- not as safe as disk management Add, change, delete volumes & partitions Dis/Mount volumes Manipulate software RAID |
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Refresh PC |
Win 8+ Rebuild PC Keeps user files, settings, windows apps Deletes other apps |
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Reset pc |
Fresh installation of windows |
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Mac image recovery |
Command + r at boot to access recovery environment Full reset, troubleshoot tools |
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Linux fail to boot |
Boot os media disc, install to memory not hard drive Access terminal, repair command: "sudo grub-install" + boot drive location GRUB: common Linux boot mgr |
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Corrupted GUI files |
Missing graphical interface Could be virus Restore from backup or rebuild |
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BSoD device drivers |
Almost always after new device installed Take out device and reboot Update driver |
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Kernel panic |
Unix version of BSoD, different from spinning wheel, worse Black/gray screen Failing hardware Device drivers Update driver/kernel modules |
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BSoD registry file |
Error messages: Registry couldn't load, windows couldn't start Restore in winRE or boot option: last known good config |
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Restore registry |
Backup stored: \Windows\System33\config\RegBack Backup 10 days default WinRE, command prompt, "reg" "copy" backup to main registry file(in config folder) |
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Boot safe mode |
F5 at boot Uses basic drivers, low resolution Access device manager |
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Boot safe mode automatically |
Search "msconfig", de/select boot to safe mode |
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Advanced startup options |
Win 7 and older, F8 after POST, before win logo Safemode (w. Networking/command prompt)- if doesn't work with network option, network driver is problem Enable boot logging- text file, last entry can be cause of problem Enable low resolution mode- makes current driver reset to standard mode (safe mode uses generic driver in standard mode) Last known good config- when new drivers cause failed boot Directory services restore mode-windows servers Debugging mode-need another comp and debugging program Disable automatic restart on sys failure- pauses to see error page before restart Disable driver signature enforcement- if using driver w.o Microsoft signature Start normally Reboot- soft reboot OS choices menu- when have multiple is |
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Desktop not displaying |
Video drivers? Corrupted explorer.exe program |
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Event viewer |
System & security, admin tools, event viewer Summary of admin events, levels: critical, error, warning, info, audit success, audit failure Views show details of events, can custom Can record everything Shows service or registry issue Logs (.evtx files) stored in system32\winevt\logs folder All data stored in logs Admin can make changes |
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Stop autoloading programs |
-Sys config utility (vista/7) or task manager- temporary -Program's startup options -Registry editor: hkey_local_machine\software\microsoft\windows\currentversion\run |
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Services |
Control panel, admin tools, services Startup type- auto, manual, disabled Critical service failure error message, make sure turned on & right startup type |
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Command for tasks |
"tasklist" to find names & PID "taskkill PID/fileName" "kill"-powershell |
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DLL |
Dynamic link library files & cache Program uses Corrupted files prevents os from loading or program won't start when clicked on Error message loading .DLL file System file checker to fix and replace |
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Mac force quit |
Option +command +ESC key |
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Problem reports |
Control panel, action center Shows error reporting, firewall, anti malware status |
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Action center |
Win 7,8 Like event view but categorized to security and maintenance Change action center settings to select where info is coming from (which utilities) Provides direct links to utilities |
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Performance info and tools |
Control panel, not in win 10 Compares to other systems using win experience index: processor speed, memory, graphics, hard disk Hardware change to improve score |
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Application problem |
Right hardware? Right os? File missing or won't open (DLL) Os crash Corrupt data Time doesn't match because dying battery Control panel, programs and features, add/remove R click uninstaller and run as admin |
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Change autorun.inf from opening by os |
Registry editor, change 6 settings |
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Compatibility tab |
R click executable program, properties Reduce graphics, run prog as admin, choose different win versions Can apply settings to all users |
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Windows XP mode |
Program, virtual machine |
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Application crash |
Can be hardware, driver problem |
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System protection |
Vista (pro editions), 7+ System properties Enable Volume shadow copy service (VSS) backups files, even ones in use Allow access of previous versions of f/f R click file, restore previous versions Win 8 use file history (control panel) To create backup: Backup program, create restore point, f/f was changed |
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Supervisor |
Program os uses to handle low level interaction between hardware & software: task scheduling, allotment of time, resources... |
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Hypervisor |
-Program host MACHINE uses with supervisor to run multiple os -VMware (win, Linux), Microsoft's hyper v (win 8+, control panel, programs & features, turn features on/off), oracle VM virtual box (win, Unix) VMware (win, Linux), Microsoft's hyper v (win 8+), oracle VM virtual box (win, Unix) -passes code from virtual machine to CPU -Type 2
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Emulation vs virtualization |
V- software takes hardware of host system and shares w virtual machines E- software or hardware converts commands from host machine (Nintendo system) to different platform (win system), requires more powerful hardware than platform emulating |
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Create virtual machine |
1. Right hardware for virtual machine? -virtualization support: Intel VTx, AMD V, system setup utility -lots of RAM, enough for all os -disk space, RAID array for protection -NIC if want to connect to network 2. Install a hypervisor- virtual manager create, start, stop, save, delete virtual machines 3. Create new virtual machine w. correct hardware for guest os, config preset hardware settings as needed 4. Install new os- optical media, USB, ISO file; choose where to store machine file (usually in user documents folder); creates virtual desktop |
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Virtualization networking |
-Internal network- each virtual machine acts like connected to only its own switch -bridge network- default setting, virtual NIC accesses same network as host system through real NIC, subject to same security risks, takes dhcp info -connect virtual machines- make virtual network switch, some hypervisors (virtual box) do automatically -no network |
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Benefits of virtualization |
-single hypervisor can support as many vm as hardware can support (RAM usually limiting factor) -shut down VM is a folder in hard drive -saves power & hardware since one system can run multiple os -system recovery easier, shut down VM and reload w snapshot (vs system restore) |
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Bare metal hypervisor |
-type 1 -powerful hypervisor/os combo to avoid host os, only vms -ESXi by VMware -run on flash memory so all disk space for vms, server loads hypervisor at boot, shows login |
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IaaS |
Infrastructure as a service Provides hardware to save space, security, reliability |
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PaaS |
Platform as a service Platform to handle infrastructure/os to deploy, admin, & maintain web application Makes infrastructure invisible to developer |
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SaaS |
Software as a service Web apps available w internet connection Everything accessed on internet is SaaS (Game on optical disc vs. Game on internet) Data is not secure |
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Public cloud |
Accessed by public Public Iaas, PaaS, SaaS |
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Private cloud |
Internal, allows ownership of data Third party can host/maintain private cloud Private Iaas, PaaS, SaaS |
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Community cloud |
Private cloud paid & used by organizations Community Iaas, PaaS, SaaS |
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Hybrid cloud |
Connects public, private or community clouds to allow communication Services can communicate across clouds Cloud bursting- private cloud app grows and uses public cloud |
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Dumb definitions |
Resource pooling- consolidating system's resources Measured services- paying service p use, not fixed rate |
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Display config |
Win versions differ Control panel Personalization-user display configs (has screen saver/power management options!) Display-tech oriented configs, advanced settings to see details on adapter & tabs from adapter maker |
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Multiple monitors |
Video card that supports or 2+ video card Control panel, display, screen resolution: see monitors Second monitor not enabled by default |
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Display config in Unix |
Mac- system preferences or dock options Linux- system settings usually |
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Access drivers |
Vista- control panel, display, monitor tab, advanced 7+- display, change display settings, ashamed, adapter tab, properties |
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3D |
Vertices connect through transformation to make shapes, add textures over to form 3D image |
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API |
application programming interface, GPU's command standard to speak to driver, allows direct access to hardware Direct X- Microsoft, supports video, 3D, sound, network connection, input devices
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Direct x diagnostic tool |
"dxdiag" in search bar Verify installed and working |
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Incompatible driver |
BSoD |
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Corrupted driver |
Won't act up until next reboot Goes into S/VGA mode, blank monitor, lock up, displays weird stuff |
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Bad video fan/heat/RAM |
Weird screen outputs, locks up Go into safe mode, if problem goes away = bad driver Heat causes shut downs |
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Host |
-Computing device connected to a network -local(in front of you) vs remote (other reachable device) |
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Server vs client |
-server program to store and share data, has resource Web server stores files that make up website, uses program like apache http server/internet information services(IIS), connect to other server Ex. Video storage, print, file, mail server -Client requests data Local host uses web browser to ask and share server's data |
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Network has |
1. Standard for connecting devices (cables, network cards.. ) 2. Addressing method 3. Method of sharing & accessing |
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Corporate/ISP email troubleshoot |
-after setup: entered correct info? -after period of use: POP3/SMTP/DNS server (ping IP address) |
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Integrated commercial provider email config |
Integrated email client (mobile devices) configured to work, don't need to setup IMAP/POP/SMTP/SMIME Vs. Web mail: can access on any device w internet Vs. Unified internet accounts (live sign in) |
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FTP |
-file transfer protocol, port 20&21 -use FTP client (filezilla) or FTP site name on web browser w FTP download support(require login, can be anon or ftp://username@ftp.sitename.com) -or use FTP server software (saves login) -login credentials sent in clear text, no encryption -SFTP: runs through SSH tunnel either start SSH session and run FTP through tunnel, SFTP server, or SSH server w SFTP feature |
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Telnet & SSH |
-connect to server/router for terminal emulation program for TCP/IP networks -telnet use for LAN, not secure, port 23 -SSH, port 22, encrypted, tunneling |
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VoIP |
-voice over IP -uses network connection for phone instead of extra phone wires -collection of protocols (Session Initiation Protocol) or propriety (Skype) -check latency not network speed if bad connection (ping known source, round trip time=latency to source) -phone rj45 direct connection to network or phone adapter (can be in modem) |
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Remote desktop |
-built into os or third party, can be cross platform(Mac desktop on win) -need separate server (want access) & client(use to access) programs, can be interested in one program -Remote Desktop Connection (win): desktop becomes sever desktop, open 'mstsc.exe' or search 'mstsc' -control panel, system, remote settings -more secure than telnet |
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Remote assistance |
-give access to control your desktop -control panel, system, remote settings |
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Screen sharing |
os Enable in system preferences Mac, built into osEnable in system preferencesLike remote desktop, not as powerful Like remote desktop, not as powerful |
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Remote app |
App on server, appears on client Control panel, remoteapp & desktop connections |
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VPN |
Virtual private network -standard for encrypted tunnels between remote network & private network through internet -endpoints: end of tunnel where de/encryption -software on comp or box acts as endpoints -dhcp server give endpoints their own IP address(like nic) and tunnel IP address w matching subnet to LAN -PPTP protocol & RRAS server program -search 'VPN', manage private networks, enter server info (given from admin) -looks like on LAN, but slower (has to go through internet, to LAN, to destination) -L2TP&IPsec: protocol UDP port 1701, open on packet filtering devices, full access to network -SSL: TCP 443, use web browser, limited network access, no software/config needed |
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LDAP |
-Lightweight directory access protocol -Enables os&apps to access directories -Background TCP/IP app |
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SNMP |
-Simple network management protocol -Enables remote query/config for network, if network device SNMP capable |
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SMB |
-server message block protocol -win network file and print sharing (LAN file servers) -CIFS is common version of SMB -Background TCP/IP app |
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AFP |
Apple file protocol For sharing Mac LANs Time machine uses for backing up over network |
